When people began to develop agriculture on a large scale, the world population growth rate accelerated. In 8000 BC, there were 5 million people in the world; In 1 year, there were about 200 million people in the world. By the 4th century, about 50 million people lived in the Roman Empire alone.
However, due to the influence of plague and war, the growth of the world population fluctuated. Take Europe as an example. Compared with 54 1, the plague in Justinian reduced the population of Europe by about half in the eighth century. Then the population of Europe increased to 1340, and the population of Europe was about 70 million. /kloc-The Black Death, which mainly occurred in Europe in the 4th century, reduced the world population from about 450 million in 1340 to about 350 million to 375 million in 1400. It took Europe about 200 years to recover to the population level of 1340. In China, another populous country, the population also experienced great fluctuations due to the change of dynasties. According to estimates, there are about 65 million people in China in 1393, which is about half of 12001230,000. Mainly because of the long-term war between Song and Yuan. 1368 when the Ming dynasty was founded, the population of China was about 60 million. By the end of the Ming Dynasty 1644, the population had increased to about1500,000.
1650 The population of Britain will reach 5.6 million. And 1500 is 2.6 million. /kloc-The colonial tide in Europe in the 0 th and 6 th centuries also promoted the growth of the world population, because colonists often spread more advanced colonial crops (such as corn and sweet potatoes) to other regions to increase food production.
1500 The population of America (including North America and South America) is about 50 million to 1 100 million. Before Columbus discovered America, there were about 2 million to18 million people in North America. However, Europeans have brought some infectious diseases to North America that native people have never encountered before. Because the local people have not yet established immunity to these diseases, it is estimated that 90% of North American aborigines died of infectious diseases at that time. With the development of agricultural revolution and industrial revolution, people's living standards have improved, the mortality rate has decreased, the infant survival rate has greatly improved, and the average life expectancy has also been extended. Take Britain as an example. 1730- 1749, 74.5% of children in Britain died before the age of five. At 18 10- 1829, the figure dropped to 3 1.8%. From 1700, the population of Europe began to rise sharply, reaching 400 million in 1900, quadrupling that in 1700. 1900, the population of Europe accounted for about 36% of the world population.
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, western countries have implemented compulsory vaccination, medical and health equipment has been popularized in these places, and the population growth rate of western countries has also been rising. The population of Britain doubles every fifty years. 180 1 year, there are 8.3 million people in Britain; 190 1 year, the population increased to 30.5 million; There were more than 60 million people in 2006. The population of the United States has also increased from 5.3 million in 1800 to 1920. In 20 10, the population of the United States exceeded 307 million.
The population of the Soviet Union experienced great ups and downs in the early and mid-20th century. As the war continued, by the end of World War II in 1945, the Soviet Union had lost about 90 million people. Subsequently, the population of the Soviet Union grew steadily, but since the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the population of Russia has stagnated. In 20 12 years, Russia had1430,000, which was lower than1991480,000. If the population development remains unchanged, it will drop to1070,000 in 2050.
After the Second World War, as the world entered a period of relative peace, the level of science and technology and medical care continued to improve, and the population of many developing countries grew very rapidly. These countries mainly come from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Take China as an example. 1850 There were about 430 million people in the Qing Dynasty, and 1953 had about 580 million people in the early days of the People's Republic of China. Despite the constant wars, the population has increased by 65.438+0.5 billion since 100. Since 1950s, the population of China has also increased rapidly. The census of 1982 shows that the population of China has exceeded one billion. Today, the population of China exceeds1300 million. The huge population forced the China government to implement the family planning policy to slow down the population growth. India, the second most populous country in the world, has about 654.38+25 million people in 1750, and it reaches 389 million people in 194 1 year. At present, the population of India exceeds 654.38+02 billion. The population of Java Island in Indonesia has increased from 5 million in 18 15 to1300,000 at present. The population of Mexico increased from130,000 in 900 to120,000 in 2009. The population of Kenya in Africa has also increased from 2.9 million in 1920 to more than 37 million at present.
In the 2nd/kloc-0th century, with the improvement of economic and educational level in many developing countries, the population growth in these countries showed signs of slowing down. This is mainly reflected in the decline of birth rate, and the resulting aging trend and mortality rate. In some developed countries (such as Japan and Russia), the population has begun to decrease gradually. It is estimated that the world will exceed180.4 billion people. Then 1927 exceeded 2 billion years 123 years or so; Then it broke through the 3 billion mark at 1960, which took only 33 years; 1974, it took 14 for the world population to exceed 4 billion; 13 exceeded 5 billion1987; 12 exceeded 6 billion1999; According to United Nations data, the world population exceeded 7 billion in June of 20 1 1 year; According to the US Census Bureau, the global population exceeded 7 billion in 20 12, and it took about 13 years to reach the milestone of 1999.