In addition, the difference between regions is also large, in general, the more economically developed regional cities on the demand for graduates instead of the smaller, while the medical career is in the stage of continuous progress and development of small and medium-sized cities in large demand.
From the perspective of salary, the latest data show that the medical industry per capita annual salary can reach about 45,000 yuan, accounting for the second highest salary level of all industries. General medical practitioners in 20,000 yuan a year, the general practice of three years of medical personnel can basically reach 40,000 to 50,000 yuan a year. Pharmaceutical science graduates starting salary is basically in 1500-2000 yuan / month, and some urgent shortage of professional medical science talents, monthly salary can be as high as 6000-8000 yuan.
Medical graduates can go to the government's health sector, engaged in the management of health care, health and economic policy development, etc.; to all levels of health care institutions to engage in medical services, to the scientific research institutions for the prevention of disease program design, implementation, etc.. Graduates are mainly engaged in medical, preventive, teaching and research work in all levels of medical and health units, medical schools, medical research institutes.
The main departments:
1, all levels and types of general hospitals, including: general hospitals, specialized hospitals, community hospitals, etc.
2, medical research institutions
3, medical schools
4, preventive health care institutions (disease control centers, health supervision, health prevention stations, etc.)
5, in the possession of a practicing Physician qualification and the corresponding conditions of independent practice
The following is a specific analysis of the specific employment situation in the professional examination of Western medicine comprehensive clinical medicine below the second level:
The number of graduates of clinical medicine in the increase in the number of graduates, the difficulty of employment is gradually increasing
In recent years, the employment situation of graduates of clinical medicine has changed. Clinical medicine graduates from the supply exceeds demand to oversupply, employment difficulties are increasing. As higher medical schools to expand the enrollment scale, the total number of clinical medical graduates increased significantly, intensifying the competition for employment. At present, the vast majority of hospitals are not focusing on the expansion of the scale of the development of urgently needed, with a certain level of qualifications of professionals, the situation of receiving a large number of graduates will not exist. Therefore, the employment of graduates of clinical medicine is becoming more and more difficult.
Clinical medicine graduates choose career concepts old, employment expectations are too high
Most graduates are optimistic about the big cities and coastal economically developed areas, the choice of career positioning in the city, large hospitals, economic benefits of the unit, however, the big cities and developed areas of the health care institutions are becoming increasingly saturated, and the competition in the market for medical personnel is also becoming increasingly fierce. As a result, clinical medical graduates of the choice of career expectations are too high, resulting in the phenomenon of employment difficulties.
1, internal medicine
(1) traditional employment frustration
With the growing concern for health and health care, the medical industry is also gaining momentum, last year, internal medicine in the examination of the list of popular specialties ranked ninth. But internal medicine in employment is very important point is that the clinical work is not only focus on the ability, but also attaches great importance to the actual operational experience, the more well-known hospitals naturally the more important this point, which is also a disadvantage for graduates.
(2) the new employment flourishing
Medical career reform, Beijing will fully implement the family doctor responsibility system, and "family doctor" costs, health insurance can be reimbursed, individuals only need to bear part of the burden, which will make the family doctor has a broader development prospects. For medical students, especially the internal medicine specialty, this is undoubtedly a good news.
(3) gold-plated to seek development
Only their own strength to improve, there is a basis for improving the external conditions. 2005 national college graduates overall employment rate of 72.6%, of which the employment rate of graduate students 91.9%, undergraduates for 81.7%. Higher education can only be a high starting point, the survey shows that the average salary of master's degree graduate students is about 1,000 yuan higher than that of undergraduates. 2,
Pediatrics
3, geriatrics
Population aging is a serious problem facing the world and our country. Consequently, there are a series of social problems such as medical care, social security, and psychological problems of the elderly, and how to solve the needs of such a large group of people in the above aspects has become an important and urgent problem to be solved. Among them, medical and health care for the elderly is one of the most prominent problems, and the social demand for careers in geriatrics will be greatly increased. Society will be in urgent need of professionals in medicine, geriatrics, health care and nursing who are engaged in the medical care of the elderly. Such a large social demand will also bring rich economic returns for practitioners of this industry, but also will contribute to the physical and mental health of the elderly. So the geriatrics profession has a good employment outlook.
4, neurology
Neurological diseases have a high prevalence, high morbidity, high mortality and disability rate, has become one of the hot spots of the current domestic and foreign research. At present, the nervous system, endocrine system and immune system composed of neuro-endocrine-immune network system has become the frontier of life science, with broad prospects for development. Graduates of this specialty can go to the neuropsychiatry department of general hospitals, clinical psychology and mental health specialized agencies, but also to the medical research institutions and medical schools, engaged in medical care, scientific research, teaching work.
5, psychiatry and mental health
Objectively speaking, mental health professionals and other clinical specialties than relatively easy to employ, employment is generally large and medium-sized cities. China's mental health development is far behind the developed countries, and the regional differences between the north and south are obvious. However, with the accelerated pace of life and interpersonal tension, mental problems are increasingly prominent, there is a lot of room for development. However, the overall income of mental health professionals in our country is low (relative to clinical) and we have to be psychologically prepared to be discriminated against by others. In short, the future is bright and the road is winding. Psychiatry and mental health related professional certificates: counselor professional qualification certificate
(a) Counselor career in accordance with the national occupational standards are divided into three levels
1. psychological counselor (national vocational qualification level 3),
2. counselor (national vocational qualification level 2),
3. senior counselor (national vocational qualification level 1)
3. counselor ( National Vocational Qualification Level 1)
(B) psychological counselor level appraisal psychological counselor (National Vocational Qualification Level 3) level of vocational qualification appraisal to take the national unified organization of the assessment and certification. Assessment and certification content includes theoretical knowledge and skills operation of two parts: theoretical knowledge part of the written closed-book examination; skills operation part of the interview assessment and written closed-book examination combined way. Candidates need to first participate in the registration and must pass the psychological quality of counselor practitioners test, and submit a "psychological counseling case report" as a basic information for the interview assessment.
(C) certificate issuance 1, psychological counselor national unified identification pilot psychological counselor professional qualification certificate issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. 2, the certificate issued by the conditions: declared to participate in the level of appraisal, the results qualified.
6, dermatology and venereology
This specialty and clinical departments have close links, but also has some of its own characteristics. Dermatology and venereology has developed into a wide range of independent disciplines. Its specialty includes clinical dermatology, venereology, leprosy, occupational dermatology, dermatologic surgery, dermatologic cosmetology, dermatophysiology, as well as some of the basic dermatology disciplines related to it. Therefore, the training of dermatology and venereology professionals, not only requires a solid grasp of the basic theoretical knowledge and operational skills of the specialty, but also requires an understanding of and familiarity with the basic knowledge of other related disciplines outside the specialty, so that in the future work, with the potential to promote the continuous development of the discipline.
7, imaging medicine and nuclear medicine
Imaging medicine and nuclear medicine is divided into radiology (including X-ray, CT, magnetic **** vibration and interventional radiology), ultrasound medicine and nuclear medicine three parts.
(1) the need for the development of the times With the rapid development of computer technology, in recent years, the performance of medical imaging instruments have improved greatly. At present, medical imaging technology, clear imaging, high resolution, not only can show the normal and abnormal structure of the contour and morphology, but also can observe the organ blood, metabolism and its function, has been widely used in a number of systems and parts of the various disorders of the examination and diagnosis, so that the level of diagnosis has greatly improved, in the clinic to play an important role. There has also been great progress in interventional diagnosis and treatment, so that many diseases can be treated with minimally invasive therapy, especially for some tumors, the therapeutic effect of which can be comparable to internal medicine or surgical treatment, and has become one of the clinically preferred therapeutic methods. Nuclear medicine is an emerging science involving multiple disciplines in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It takes the diagnosis part as a whole, including the diagnosis and treatment of various human system diseases. In recent times, the rapid development and penetration of modern technologies such as electronic computer technology, nuclear electronics, nuclear pharmacology, cellular hybridoma technology, molecular biology and gas pedal miniaturization have continuously promoted the development of nuclear medicine, such as the emergence of molecular biochemistry PET imaging technology, which for the first time has realized the study of molecular level of the human body in vivo.
(2) compared with the advanced countries to be developed After years of efforts of imaging medicine and nuclear medicine workers, China's imaging medicine technology in the field of clinical applications in many aspects of the international advanced level, and some research projects have stepped into the world's advanced ranks. But in the basic theoretical research, medical bioengineering technology, including the development of computers and instrumentation, as well as the development of new imaging technology, there is still a certain gap compared with the advanced countries. Imaging medicine and nuclear medicine are developing rapidly in some strong regions and hospitals, and they are the main basis and means of diagnosis for clinicians, and the treatment of some diseases also needs the participation of nuclear medicine doctors to be accomplished better. Generally speaking, the employment form of imaging medicine and nuclear medicine is better than clinical, but this specialty is very few for hospitals, and it is easy to be saturated. A few years after the employment will be a problem, learning test, forensic medicine, anesthesia on the form of the future will be better than imaging,
8, clinical diagnostic testing
9, nursing
(1) highly educated nurses choose career employment outlook for good nursing career has always been the international status of high, well-paid one of the occupations, and, at the same time, the nursing talent is one of the international shortage of talent. For example, the average annual salary of nurses in the United States reaches 50,000 U.S. dollars, while the United States lacks 300,000 nurses. In Australia, nurses are the easiest way to find a job or get promoted, and at the same time, as long as you have the qualification of registered nurse in Australia, it is equal to get a "green card" to work in the Commonwealth countries. Britain, France, Germany and other developed countries in the West have many preferential policies for nurses, therefore, nurses with profound professional knowledge, high comprehensive quality and fluent language of international communication in the international employment and development prospects are very broad. At present, many hospitals in large and medium-sized cities in China have outpatient clinics related to foreign countries, and some joint venture hospitals and "foreign" hospitals are springing up in Beijing, Shanghai and other places. Therefore, if the nursing talents have nursing, nursing interpersonal communication, nursing etiquette and other professional knowledge, but also have a certain foreign language skills, then the employment options will be broader, can be engaged in foreign health care services in China, international technical cooperation and communication and information transfer.
(2) male nurses are sought-after target talent It is understood that although the nursing talent is one of the 12 shortage of talent this year, but the enrollment of the nursing profession is extremely cold. Now the demand for highly educated nursing talent in major hospitals is quite large. Highly educated nurses in addition to broad knowledge and easy to communicate with a variety of patients in addition to their nursing research capacity is also relatively strong in the clinic is more adept at identifying and analyzing problems and solving problems. In addition, male nurses are highly sought after by major hospitals. Because male nurses appear in the operating room or emergency room and other labor-intensive departments and wards than the weak female comrades more advantageous in the face of bloody scenes in the face of life-threatening patients male nurses with the doctor in a critical situation, not chaotic action than the female nurses to be soon to be stable. Therefore, the rare and expensive "male nurses" have not yet graduated from the major hospitals "booked out".
10, Surgery
Surgery as a basic clinical medical specialty, in 07 years, the examination of the popular professional ranking of the fifth, and in previous years did not enter the top ten. This shows that with the improvement of the material standard of living, people's health and health care awareness of the enhancement, coupled with everyone has to go through the process of old age, illness and death, thus making the medical profession more and more hot. And for the nature of the surgeon's work, more technical, need to be physically fit to engage in, so the replacement is relatively fast, the demand for young talent is relatively large, so the demand for the market is not easy to saturation or saturation period is relatively short. At the same time, like neurosurgery, plastic surgery, foot and ankle surgery and other emerging surgical specialties require a large number of talents to fill the gap, in a fairly long period of time this talent will be in short supply.
11, ophthalmology
(1) the development of society appeared new employment points In recent years, with the continuous progress of science and technology, ophthalmology has gained great development, the emergence of new disciplines such as ophthalmoscopy, ophthalmoscopy is a combination of modern optical technology and modern ophthalmoscience, the use of modern optics, the principles and techniques to solve the visual disorders of the emerging interdisciplinary. It is a medical specialty with both classical traditional colors and modern high-tech features, and is also a kind of interesting, challenging and rewarding medical profession. Compared with other medical specialties, ophthalmology is a discipline with the highest employment rate. (2) the current situation of the large demand for talent At present, China's youth myopia incidence rate of up to 50% to 60%, accounting for about 33% of the world's total number of myopia patients, much higher than China's share of the world's total population of 22% of the proportion of amblyopia incidence of 2% to 4%, low vision incidence of 1% to 2% of the existing number of people wearing glasses of about 800 million people. At present, the global annual output value of eye-related optometric products is about 40 billion dollars, and we only account for a share of about 150 million dollars. Therefore, ophthalmology has a very broad prospect in our country.
12, otolaryngology
13, oncology
In the past few years, infectious diseases such as AIDS, SARS, avian influenza, and even the latest hand-foot-mouth disease have posed a great challenge to China's public ****health sector. However, chronic (or non-communicable) diseases, represented by malignant tumors (cancers), cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, are becoming more dominant long-term threats, both worldwide and in China. On May 19th of this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) made it clear in its latest report that non-communicable diseases are becoming the deadliest "killers" of mankind. Among them, malignant tumors are in the first place. In this case, the country's demand for oncology professionals can be imagined.
(1) People's health concepts have changed nowadays, population aging, smoking, environmental pollution and urban-rural differences and other factors are the "perpetrators" of China's rising cancer mortality rate, and it is not difficult to find out that due to the above reasons, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer and other digestive tumors have become the most prevalent cancers in the regions with high incidence of cancer. We can easily find that due to all these reasons, digestive system tumors such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer have become the major malignant tumors in regions with high incidence of cancer. People talk about cancer. With the improvement of economic level, more and more people begin to pay attention to the examination and prevention of their own health condition. For a long time, China has overly concentrated its limited health resources on the treatment of late-stage cancers and neglected the prevention of cancers, which is a worrying problem. The change of people's health concepts undoubtedly requires more talents in tumor prevention to contribute their strength.
(2) Cancer prevention and control is the ultimate trend, and graduates need to deepen their own Cancer mortality rate in the United States has continued to decline, firstly due to the implementation of preventive measures, such as tobacco control, followed by the early detection of cancer, and then the advancement of treatment technology and other factors. This experience and lesson can be learned from China , most of the tumor hospitals around China have considerable income, but the cancer prevention and treatment of talent is lost. There is still a lot of in-depth research on the pathogenesis and mechanism of tumors, and the development of positive and effective preventive methods is the top priority of the tasks in the field of oncology. It is undeniable that in front of the dreadful malignant tumors, the challenges of human beings are enormous, but human wisdom is infinite, and the society needs excellent talents in the professional field to innovate and make breakthroughs, so graduates from the field of medicine, especially in the direction of oncology, have to strive to improve their ability to better serve the public and even the whole human race.
14, Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy
(1) Employment direction: graduates can be in all levels of general hospitals, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, acupuncture and massage engaged in medical and scientific research work, can be in the community health service centers, nursing homes, homes for the elderly, rehabilitation institutions, factories and other health care institutions engaged in medical or rehabilitation care, but also in higher education engaged in teaching, research work.
(2) Employment prospects: China's population is large; has entered the aging society; urban family planning policy, a "side effect" is the one-child support pressure increases, the need for socialized rehabilitation medical system. China's development is now very rapid, living conditions have been greatly improved, life is more and more leisurely, in the case of no other desire, people are running for their own lives, with the people's sports and the development of China's competitive sports, so rehabilitation medicine will have great development.
15, sports medicine
In recent years, with the development of medicine, sports science and other modern science, according to the competitive sports to improve the performance, the extensive development of mass sports activities and the sick and disabled on the demand for sports medicine and rehabilitation, the connotation of sports medicine in the continuous enrichment, enrichment and development, and is becoming more and more perfect. Chinese sports medicine is characterized by the combination of Chinese and Western medicine, which is valued by the international sports community. With the development of the two grand plans of "Olympic glory" and "national fitness", the important role of sports medicine is getting more and more attention. The important role of sports medicine is getting more and more attention. Along with the new century swept by the information technology revolution and biological science and technology revolution also for the sustainable development of sports medicine injected new vitality. The study of how to maximize human athletic ability, prevent and combat technical sports injuries, guide mass sports, apply physical exercise to accelerate functional recovery from injury and disease as well as to prevent and combat exercise deficiency diseases and geriatric diseases have become the most important topics in sports medicine research. It can be seen that the research, teaching and clinical specialization of sports medicine, all need intermediate and advanced talents, and the employment prospects of graduate students in sports medicine are very promising.
16, anesthesiology
17, emergency medicine
(1) the beginning of the establishment, the lack of professionals, the demand is large Like all professional disciplines in the medical field, clinical experience and lessons need to be analyzed and summarized by professionals. This is one of the necessary conditions for the development and improvement of each discipline. The same is true for emergency medicine, with the difference that at the beginning of its existence, there was a great lack of specialized physicians. But its development was rapid. Because it is a new part of the medical science, with the development of medical science, emergency medicine is bound to develop rapidly. In addition, it is a discipline to solve acute and critical illnesses, and to study how to more quickly, more effectively, more organized rescue cases of acute and critical illnesses, and to deal with the problems encountered in "disaster medicine", society needs it, the people need it. Therefore, from this point of view, emergency medicine graduates are in great demand.
(2) to be further developed, work hard to be considered comprehensively emergency medicine is a young discipline, now many large and medium-sized cities, general hospitals and some specialized hospitals have set up an emergency department or emergency room, and is equipped with physicians, nurses and other medical personnel. However, at present, many hospitals have set up emergency departments only to focus on solving the administrative problems, while the important thing for the development of emergency medicine is the training of professionals, the establishment of a perfect emergency medical system and the improvement of the level of emergency medicine, and how to realize it needs to be engaged in the professional staff to conceptualize, practice and summarize. There is no ready-made model at present, and it is up to oneself to explore, design and build. International advanced experience can be learned and referred to, mainly need to combine with the actual situation in China, to create a suitable emergency medicine specialty for our society. Therefore, the emergency medicine specialty still needs to further develop forward, the employment of graduates is bound to get better and better, although emergency medicine graduate students are not difficult to find a job, but the intensity of the work and the environment requires a certain degree of physical fitness requirements, so committed to the examination of the emergency class of postgraduate students to be fully prepared.