How much land is in the village, how geometric are the book assets, and what is the value-added situation ...... At present, the largest inventory in the rural collective field after the reform and opening up has been basically completed.
In accordance with the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the Central Agricultural Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have organized and carried out a national rural collective asset inventory since 2017. After three years, the rural collective family background was finally clearly presented in front of people. What is the distribution of rural collective assets nationwide? What changes have been brought to the countryside?
"A pot of porridge" has become "an account"
Rural collective assets are related to the vital interests of 600 million farmers, 290 million rural workers and special groups in the village. For a long time, the rural collective assets in some places have the problems of false property rights, unclear accounts, non-disclosure of distribution and non-transparent management. Yu Kwai, a second-level inspector in the Policy and Reform Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that rural collective assets include resource assets such as land, forests and grasslands collectively owned by farmers, operational assets such as houses, buildings and machinery and equipment used for business, and non-operational assets such as education, culture and health used for public **** services. Comprehensively carrying out the liquidation of assets is a fundamental task in the reform of the rural collective property rights system, and is also an objective requirement for the protection of the property rights and interests of peasants.
At present, the country's rural collective family base is basically mapped out, and the total amount of assets can be considered huge. The country **** has a total collective land area of 6.55 billion mu, book assets of 6.5 trillion yuan, of which 3.1 trillion yuan of operating assets, accounting for 47.4%; non-operating assets of 3.4 trillion yuan, accounting for 52.6%. There are more than 11,000 wholly owned enterprises belonging to the collective, with assets totaling 1.1 trillion yuan. Meanwhile, assets are highly concentrated at the village level. Village-level assets amounted to 4.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 75.7 percent of the total, with a village average of 8.164 million yuan; township- and group-level assets totaled 0.7 trillion yuan and 0.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 11.2 percent and 13.1 percent, respectively.
However, the distribution of assets among villages is still uneven, with more than 3/4 of the assets concentrated in 14% of the villages. In terms of geographical distribution, rural collective assets are roughly distributed in a "6, 2, 2" pattern, with assets in the eastern region amounting to 4.2 trillion yuan, accounting for 64.7% of the total assets, and assets in the central and western regions being roughly the same, accounting for 17.7% and 17.6% of the total assets respectively. In terms of asset management income, 10.4 percent of villages have income of more than 500,000 yuan, mainly concentrated in urban villages, peri-urban villages and villages with abundant resources.
Many villagers reflected to the reporter, before the liquidation of assets, feel the village collective assets seem to be "flowers in the mirror, the moon in the water", visible but not touchable, how much the collective bottom is not clear, have a share of the share is also very fuzzy. Asset-checking makes the past "a pot of porridge" into the present "a book", checking the collective asset stock, value and use, and basically realizing the bottom of a clear account. Data show that after the inventory of the national rural collective assets increased by 0.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 14.2%, of which, the increase in fixed assets of nearly 750 billion yuan, mainly in recent years, the financial projects invested in the formation of the collective economic organization of non-operating fixed assets.
"Empty shell village" into a "solid village"
Reporters previously interviewed in the countryside, sometimes heard some farmers reflecting the collective assets by the village cadres encroachment, misappropriation, there are also Farmers reflect the collective assets "empty shell", value-added insufficient. "Managing and utilizing collective assets well and preventing the loss of collective assets are of immediate interest to farmers." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that in response to this, require localities to strengthen the supervision and management of rural collective assets. On the one hand, to strengthen the supervision and management of collective members of the collective economy, the implementation of democratic financial management, standardize financial disclosure. On the other hand, to do a good job of regular audits of daily financial income and expenditure, village cadres term and outgoing economic responsibility audits, through regular notification, accountability and other means to tie up the cage of the system. Some places have received good results through the development of small and micro power list.
All over the world, with the opportunity of asset verification, we have solved the problem of infringing on the interests of the collective and the public, such as the chaotic use of funds, the arbitrary disposal of assets, and the unfair contracting of resources, from the institutional mechanism, so as to harmonize the relationship between the Party and the masses. For example, Changling County in Heilongjiang Province has combined cleanup and remediation with the fight against blackmail, and has uncovered 14 criminal cases of misappropriation of collective assets, and more than 1,700 hectares of illegally seized grasslands and woodlands have all been returned to the collective. Various regions have also improved systems for the inventory, registration, custody, use, disposal and regular reporting of collective assets, and collective asset management mechanisms have been further standardized. For example, Shanxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other provinces have formulated measures to confirm the rights of non-operational assets and their management and care, focusing on the ownership of schools, roads, water conservancy facilities and other assets, as well as the main body of management and care provisions.
The purpose of regulating collective economic organizations is to develop and strengthen the collective economy.Since 2016, the central government has supported 28 provinces and four municipalities separately listed in the plan to carry out pilot projects to support the development of collective economy at the village level through awards in lieu of subsidies.In 2018, the Central Organization Department, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued a document with a clear plan to support 100,000 or so villages to develop and strengthen the collective economy nationwide by 2022. around 10,000 villages to develop and strengthen their collective economies.In June 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued a document encouraging localities to explore effective paths to develop and enhance the collective economies of weak villages in poverty-stricken areas by developing industries and revitalizing resources. By the end of 2019, Zhejiang Province had fully eliminated weak villages with annual collective economic income of less than 100,000 yuan and operating income of less than 50,000 yuan.
With the advancement of reform, more and more rural collective economic organizations have received "identity cards."
In November 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development issued registration certificates for the first time for 10 collective economic organizations, marking China's rural collective economic organizations have "identity cards! ". In order to support the development of collective economy, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the Ministry of Finance and the General Administration of Taxation, has issued policies to explicitly reduce and exempt the relevant deed tax and stamp duty in the process of reform, so as to reduce the cost of reform; together with the People's Bank of China and the General Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has issued documents to guide localities in doing a good job of registering and assigning codes to the rural collective economic organizations and opening bank accounts. By the end of May this year, more than 340,000 village collective economic organizations nationwide had received registration certificates.
"Red book" has become "red ticket"
Liu Changquan, director of the Industrial Economy Room of the Rural Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the problems of the rural collective economy are reflected prominently in the operational assets. assets. After years of accumulation, the collective economy in many places has developed, formed a large amount of operating assets, if not clear attribution, improve the power, revitalization and integration, innovative mechanisms, these assets are difficult to play a due role in the market economic system. Based on this, the central government has proposed to basically complete the reform of the shareholding and cooperation system of rural collective operating assets by the end of 2021.
"It can be seen through the asset inventory that, in terms of asset composition, there are 3.1 trillion yuan of operating assets nationwide, and such assets are the main source of income for the collective economy," said the person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, adding that, among them, operating fixed assets such as plant buildings, stores, machinery and equipment that are expected to bring in revenue exceed 1 Trillion yuan. There are 1.55 billion mu of collective land resources*** such as arable land, garden land, forest land and grassland that have not been contracted to households, of which 36% have been leased out or invested in new business entities.
In accordance with the principle of pilot first and orderly advancement, the country has carried out four batches of pilot reforms, and all over the country, on the basis of inventory and capital verification, standardize the confirmation of membership, folding shares and quantifying assets, establishing a sound organization, and handling the registration of the code and other work. By the end of 2019, the central pilot units included 15 provinces, 89 prefectures and municipalities, and 442 counties (cities and districts), and pilot units at all levels have covered about 80% of the country's counties. In March this year, the Central Agricultural Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs asked 13 non-whole-province pilot provinces to fully push forward the reform. In addition, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other three provinces and cities have basically completed the reform task. So far, the reform pilot to achieve full coverage of the provincial level.
The reporter learned that around the reform focus on exploration and innovation, cracking the reform problem. Adhere to the main position of farmers, county or city as a unit to develop a unified membership of collective economic organizations to confirm the guiding opinions, on the basis of a clear policy bottom line, the specific identification criteria to the masses to discuss; adhere to the classification to promote the implementation of the reform, the reform is mainly for the village with operational assets, with the advancement of poverty alleviation, some economically underdeveloped areas through the government grants, tax exemptions and fees, etc., the formation of a number of assets
So far, more than 410,000 villages nationwide have completed the reform of the rural collective property rights system, recognizing more than 600 million members. Various regions have actively explored collective economic development models such as resource development, property leasing, rural tourism and agricultural production, revitalizing collective resources and assets. Grass-roots cadres said that the reform of the collective bottom of the map, who is a member of the clear, the collective and the relationship between farmers clear, farmers in the hands of the "red book" into a "red ticket", which is a tangible result.