In the event of electrocution, in order to ensure the safety of the rescuer itself at the same time, must first try to make the electrocuted person quickly from the power supply, and then carry out the following repair work.
(1) Undo the tight clothing that prevents the electrocuted person from breathing.(2) Check the mouth of the electrocuted person, clean the mucus in the mouth, and remove the dentures if any.
(3) ? Immediately resuscitation on the spot, such as respiratory arrest, the use of mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration method of resuscitation, if the heart stops beating or irregular fibrillation, you can carry out artificial chest extrusion method of resuscitation. Never interrupt without reason. If there is a second person present at the scene in addition to the rescuer, the following should also be done immediately:
1) Provide tools and equipment for first aid.
2) Discourage the presence of uninvolved persons.
3) Maintain adequate lighting and air circulation at the scene.
4) Report the incident to your supervisor and call a doctor.
Experimental research and statistics show that if you start rescuing from 1 minute after electrocution, 90% can be saved; if you start rescuing from 6 minutes after electrocution, there is only a 10% chance of survival; and if you start rescuing from 12 minutes after electrocution, the possibility of survival is extremely small. Therefore, when you find someone electrocuted, you should fight for time and use all possible means.
After a person is electrocuted, there will be nerve paralysis, respiratory distress, elevated blood pressure, coma, spasm, until the respiratory interruption, cardiac arrest and other dangerous phenomena, presenting the state of coma. If there is no obvious fatal trauma, it can not be rashly recognized that the electrocution has died, but should be regarded as a "false death", the implementation of first aid.
Effective first aid is fast and right. That is, with the fastest speed, the right way to administer on-site rescue, most of the electrocution can be resurrected.
The first step of electrocution first aid is to make the electrocuted person quickly from the power source, the second step is the scene of rescue, is divided into the following:
First, so that the electrocuted person from the power source
The longer the role of the current on the human body, the greater the threat to life. Therefore, the key to electrocution first aid is to first make the electrocuted person quickly from the power supply. According to the specific circumstances, the following methods can be used to make the electrocuted person from the power supply:
(a) from the low-voltage power supply method
The method of detachment from the low-voltage power supply can be used to "pull", "cut", "Pick", "drag" and "pad" five words to summarize:
"Pull". Refers to the proximity of the power switch, pull out the plug or porcelain plug insurance. At this time should pay attention to pull the switch and board handle switch is a single pole, can only disconnect a wire, sometimes due to the installation does not meet the requirements of the regulations, the switch is installed on the zero line. At this time, although the switch is disconnected, personal contact with the wire may still be charged, which can not be considered to have cut off the power supply.
"Cut". Refers to the use of insulated handle with a sharp tool to cut off the power cord. When the power switch, socket or porcelain plug insurance is far from the scene of electrocution, available with insulated handles of electrician's pliers or axes with dry wood handle, shovels and other sharp instruments will be cut off the power line. Cutting should be prevented from breaking the live wire touching the surrounding human body. Multi-core stranded wire should be cut off in phases to prevent short-circuit injury.
"Pick". If the wire hitch in the electrocution of the body or pressure under the body, then available dry sticks, bamboo poles, etc. to pick open the wire or use dry insulated rope sets to pull the wire or electrocution, so that it is out of the power supply.
"Tug". The rescuer can wear gloves or wrap dry clothes, scarves, hats and other insulating items on the hands to drag the electrocuted person to get them off the power supply. If the electrocuted person's clothes and pants are dry and not tightly wrapped around the body, the rescuer can directly use one hand to grab the electrocuted person's clothes and pants that are not close to the body, and pull the electrocuted person off the power supply. But be careful not to touch the electrocuted person's body skin when dragging. The rescuer can also stand on dry boards, wooden tables and chairs or rubber mats and other insulating items, with one hand to pull the electrocuted person off the power supply.
"Pad". If the electrocuted person due to spasm fingers grip the wire or wire wrapped around the body, the rescuer can first use a dry board stuffed under the electrocuted person so that it is insulated from the ground to isolate the power supply, and then take other ways to cut off the power supply.
(B) the method of detachment from the high-voltage power supply
Due to the high voltage level of the device, the general insulation can not guarantee the safety of the rescuer, and the high-voltage power switch is far from the scene, it is inconvenient to pull the gate. Therefore, the method of making the electrocuted person out of the high-voltage power supply is different from that of the low-voltage power supply, and the usual practice is:
(1) Immediately notify the relevant power supply department by telephone to pull the gate and stop the power.
(2) If the power switch is not very far from the scene of electrocution, you can wear insulated gloves, insulated boots, pull open the high-voltage circuit breaker, or use an insulated rod to pull open the high-voltage drop insurance to cut off the power supply.
(3) to the overhead line hanging bare metal soft wire, man-made line short circuit, forcing the relay protection device action, so that the power switch tripped. Throw hanging before, the short line of one end of the first fixed in the tower or grounding lead, the other end of the tie weight. Throwing short circuit line, should pay attention to prevent the arc injury or broken line endanger personnel safety, but also to prevent the heavy object smashed people.
(4) If the electrocuted person touches the ground broken down in the charged high-voltage wire, and has not yet confirmed that the line is not electrified before the rescuer may not enter the broken line landing point 8 ~ 10m range, in order to prevent the step voltage electrocution. Into the scope of the rescue personnel should wear insulated boots or temporary feet together jump close to the electrocuted. The electrocuted person should be quickly brought to 8 to 10m away from the electrified conductor to start electrocution first aid immediately after the electrocuted person is detached from the electrified conductor. Only in the confirmed line has no electricity, only in the electrocution of the electrocuted person to leave the electrocuted wire after the first aid on the spot.
(C) in the electrocuted person from the power supply should pay attention to matters
(1) rescuer shall not use metal and other wet items as rescue tools.
(2) The rescuer shall not directly touch the skin and damp clothes of the electrocuted person without taking insulating measures.
(3) In the process of pulling the electrocuted person away from the power source, it is advisable for the rescuer to operate with one hand, which is safer for the rescuer.
(4) When the electrocuted person is located in a high position, measures should be taken to prevent the electrocuted person from falling to the ground or falling to death after being removed from the power source.
(5) When electrocution occurs at night, consideration should be given to temporary lighting after cutting off the power supply to facilitate rescue.
Second, on-site rescue
Electrocuted from the power supply, should be immediately rescued on the spot. The meaning of "immediately" is to race against time, not to be delayed. The meaning of "on the spot" is not to passively wait for the arrival of the doctor, but should be carried out at the scene of the correct rescue at the same time, sent to notify the medical personnel to the scene and do a good job of sending the electrocuted to the hospital preparations.
According to the degree of injury to the electrocution, on-site rescue has the following rescue measures:
(a) the electrocution of the unconscious rescue measures
If the electrocution of the injury is not too serious, conscious, just palpitations, dizziness, cold sweats, nausea, vomiting, numbness of the limbs, general weakness, or even a coma, but did not lose consciousness, then should be Let the electrocuted person in the ventilation and warm premises lying down to rest, and send someone to closely observe, while asking the doctor to come or sent to the hospital for treatment.
(ii) electrocution has been unconscious (heart and lungs normal) rescue measures
If the electrocution has been unconscious, but the breathing and heartbeat is still normal, it should be comfortable lying down, undressing in order to facilitate breathing, do not surrounded by people, to maintain air circulation, should pay attention to warmth in cold weather, and at the same time, immediately ask the doctor to come or sent to the hospital for examination. If you find that the electrocution of the respiratory distress or cardiac arrhythmia, you should immediately implement artificial respiration or extrathoracic cardiac compression.
(C) on the "false death" of the first aid measures
If the electrocution presents "false death", (that is, the so-called electroconvulsive) phenomenon, there may be three kinds of clinical symptoms: First, the heart stops, but still able to breathe; Second, respiratory arrest, but the heart is still alive (pulse). Secondly, breathing stops, but the heartbeat is still there (pulse is very weak); thirdly, both breathing and heartbeat have stopped. The methods of determining the symptoms of "false death" are "look", "listen" and "test". "Look" is to observe the electrocuted person's chest, abdomen with or without undulation; "Listen" is to use the ear close to the electrocuted person's mouth and nose, listen to him with or without the sound of exhalation; "test" is to use the hand or a small strip of paper to test the mouth and nose with or without breathing. Test" is to use the hand or a small strip of paper to test the mouth and nose with or without breathing airflow, and then two fingers gently press one side (left or right) of the laryngeal node next to the carotid artery in the depression of the feeling of beating. If "look", "listen", "try" results, neither breathing nor carotid artery pulsation, it can be determined that the electrocution of breathing or cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest of heartbeat. "Look", "listen", "try" operation method shown in Figure 9-21.
When it is determined that the electrocution respiratory and cardiac arrest, should be immediately according to cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the spot. The so-called cardiopulmonary resuscitation is to support the life of the three basic measures, that is, open the airway; mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration; chest compressions (artificial circulation).
1. Open the airway
If the electrocuted person's breathing stops, it is important to always ensure that the airway is open, and its operating principles are:
(1) Remove the foreign body in the mouth ? Make the electrocuted person lie on his back in a flat and hard place, and quickly untie his collar button, scarf, tights and pants belt. If the electrocuted person is found to have food, dentures, blood clots and other foreign objects in the mouth, the body and head can be turned sideways at the same time, and quickly inserted from the corner of the mouth with a finger or two fingers crossed, from which to remove the foreign object, the operation should pay attention to prevent the foreign object from being pushed to the depths of the pharynx.
(2) Tilt the head and lift the jaw to clear the airway? Operation, the paramedic with a hand on the forehead of the electrocuted person, the fingers of the other hand will be lifted up the chin and jawbone, the two hands together to push the head back, the root of the tongue is naturally lifted, the airway can be open. Whether the airway is open or not is shown in Figure 9-23. In order to make the electrocution of the head back, can be in its neck under the pad appropriate thickness of the object, but strictly prohibit the use of pillows or other objects in the electrocution of the head under the pad, because the head elevated forward will block the airway, but also to make the implementation of chest compression when the flow of blood to the brain to reduce, or even completely disappeared.
2. mouth to mouth (nose) artificial respiration
The rescuer in the completion of the operation of the airway, should be immediately on the electrocution of the mouth to mouth or mouth to nose artificial respiration. Mouth to nose artificial respiration is used for the electrocuted person's mouth is closed. Artificial respiration operation is as follows: (see Figure 9-24)
(1) the first big mouth blow *** pacing rescuer squatting and kneeling in the electrocuted person's left or right; with the fingers of the hand on the forehead of the electrocuted person pinched its nose, the other hand's index and middle fingers gently hold its chin; rescuer deep inhalation, and the electrocuted person's mouth-to-mouth tightly closed, in the absence of leakage of air, first continuous big mouth blow Under the circumstances, the first two consecutive mouth blowing, each 1 ~ 1.5s; and then use the fingers to test the electrocution of the carotid artery whether there is a beat, such as still no beat, you can judge that the heart has stopped, in the implementation of artificial respiration at the same time should be carried out chest compression.
(2) Normal mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration? After blowing twice to test the carotid artery beat, immediately transfer to the normal mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration stage. The normal blowing frequency is about 12 times per minute. Normal mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is performed as described above. However, the blowing volume does not need to be too large, so as not to cause gastric distension, such as electrocution is a child, the blowing volume should be smaller, so as not to rupture the alveoli. The rescuer should relax the nose or mouth of the electrocuted person to let him exhale automatically by the elasticity of his own chest when exchanging air. When blowing and relaxing, pay attention to the electrocuted person's chest with or without undulating breathing action. If there is a large resistance when blowing, it may be that the head is not tilted back enough, and should be corrected in time to keep the airway open.
(3) electrocuted such as teeth closed, can be changed to mouth to nose artificial respiration. Blow the electrocuted person's lips closed to prevent leakage of air
3. Chest compression
Chest compression is a first-aid method of restoring the electrocuted person's heartbeat with the help of manpower. Its effectiveness lies in the selection of the correct position of the pressure and the adoption of the correct posture of the pressure.
(1) to determine the correct location of the pressure steps:
① right index finger and middle finger along the right side of the electrocution of the lower edge of the rib arch up to find the ribs and the sternum at the midpoint of the joint.
② right hand two fingers together, the middle finger on the midpoint of the trace (the bottom of the raphe), the index finger is flat on the lower part of the sternum, the root of the palm of the other hand next to the upper edge of the index finger placed on the sternum, the root of the palm that is the correct position of the pressure, see Figure 9-25.
(2) the correct position of the pressure
① so that electrocution lying on his back to care about the hard places and Undo their clothes, supine posture and mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration.
② rescuer standing or kneeling in the electrocuted side of the shoulder, two shoulders are located in the electrocuted above the sternum, arms straight, elbow joints are fixed and not flexed, two palms stacked, fingers cocked, do not touch the electrocuted chest wall.
③ With the hip joint as the fulcrum, using the gravity of the upper body, vertically the normal adult sternum depressed 3 to 5cm (children and the thin and weak discretionary reduction).
④ Pressure to the required degree, immediately relax all, but the root of the rescuer's palm shall not leave the chest wall of the electrocution.
Receiving posture and force method see Figure 9-26. the sign of effective compression is in the process of compression can touch the carotid artery pulsation.
(3) Appropriate frequency of compression
①Chest compression should be performed at an even rate. The frequency of operation is 80 times per minute, each time including compression and relaxation of a cycle, the time of compression and relaxation is equal.
② when chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration at the same time, the rhythm of the operation: single rescue, every 15 compressions after blowing 2 (15:2), repeated; two rescue, every 15 compressions by another person blowing 1 (15:1), repeated.
(D) Notes in the scene rescue
1. Rescue process should be timely re-determination of the electrocution
(1) pressure blowing 1 minute (equivalent to a single rescue done 4 15:2 cycle), should be used to "see, listen, try" method in 5 to 7s clock to complete The electrocution of the person whether to restore the natural breathing and heartbeat re-judgment.
(2) If the electrocuted person has been judged to have carotid artery pulsation, but still no breathing, you can pause chest compressions, and then two mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, followed by blowing every 5s clock (equivalent to 12 times per minute). If the pulse and respiration are still not restored, then continue to adhere to CPR resuscitation.
(3) in the rescue process, every few minutes to "see, listen, try" method to determine the respiration and pulse of the electrocution, each time to determine the time shall not be more than 5 ~ 7 s. In the medical personnel did not come to take over the rescue before the scene personnel shall not give up the scene of the rescue.
2. Rescue process when moving the electrocuted casualty notes
(1) cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out at the scene of the local persistence, do not try to facilitate the casualty to move the electrocuted casualty, such as there is a need to move, the interruption of the resuscitation time should not be more than 30s.
(2) to move the electrocuted person or send him to the hospital, should use a stretcher and its back to pad with a wooden board, do not let the body of the electrocuted person curled up to carry out the work. The electrocuted person's body is curled up to carry. Transfer on the way should continue to rescue, in the medical staff did not take over before the rescue can not be interrupted.
(3) should create the conditions, with the plastic bag filled with ice chips made into a cap wrapped around the head of the casualty, exposing the eyes, so that the temperature of the brain to reduce the electrocution of the heart, lungs, brain can be resuscitated.
3. electrocution after the treatment of good
If the electrocution of the heartbeat and respiration have been resuscitated after resuscitation, can be suspended cardiopulmonary resuscitation method of operation. But the heartbeat and respiration recovery in the early stage may still be arrested again, the rescuer should be closely monitored, can not be paralyzed, to be ready to resuscitate again. Electrocution recovery, often confused, trance or emotional agitation, restlessness, should try to make him quiet down.
4. careful use of drugs
Artificial respiration and chest compressions are the main first aid measures for electrocution "false death", any drug can not be replaced. Whether it is exciting the respiratory center of the Kolamine, Lobelin and other drugs, or have to make the heart beat again epinephrine and other cardiac injections, can not replace artificial respiration and chest compression of the two first aid. It must be emphasized that the use of drugs or injections for electrocution, should be diagnosed by an experienced doctor to determine the use of caution. For example, epinephrine has the effect of restoring the heart to beat, but also can make the heart from beating weakly to ventricular fibrillation, which leads to electrocution and death of cardiac arrest, there are many lessons in this regard. Therefore, on-site electrocution rescue, the use of drugs such as epinephrine should be cautious attitude. If there is no necessary diagnostic equipment conditions and enough certainty, shall not be used indiscriminately. While in the hospital rescue electrocution, by the medical staff according to the results of the diagnosis of medical instruments and equipment to decide whether to use this kind of drug rescue. In addition, it is prohibited to take cold water, shaking, shouting or running with electrocution and other "earth" methods *** electrocution initiatives, because the human body after electrocution, the heart will occur after the fibrillation, weak pulse, blood flow is chaotic, if in this dangerous situation with the above methods of strong *** the heart, the electrocution of the person due to acute heart failure and The heart of the electrocuted person will die of acute cardiac failure.
5. Electrocution death determination
For electrocution after unconsciousness, respiratory and cardiac arrest electrocution, in the absence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, can only be regarded as "false death". Anyone at the scene of an accident who finds a person electrocuted has a responsibility to provide timely and uninterrupted resuscitation. "Timely" is to fight for time, that is, not waiting before the arrival of the doctor, the way to the hospital can not be suspended resuscitation. "Uninterrupted" is to have the patience to persist in the rescue, there are nearly 5 hours of rescue to revive the electrocution, therefore, the rescue time should continue for more than 6 hours, until the rescue or the doctor to make the electrocution of the person has been clinically dead until the determination.
Only the doctor has the right to determine that the electrocution is dead and to declare that resuscitation is not effective, otherwise the electrocution should be resuscitated with artificial respiration and chest compressions in a humane manner and with perseverance.
Third, on the treatment of electrical injuries
Electrical injuries are caused by electric shock to the body's external injuries (including electric shock caused by the fall), electric burns, electric branding, skin metallization of this kind of tissue damage, need to go to the hospital for treatment. However, the scene must also be pre-treated to prevent bacterial infection and expansion of the injury. In this way, can reduce the pain of electrocution and facilitate the transfer to the hospital.
(1) for general trauma wounds, can be sterile saline or clean warm water rinse, and then use sterilized gauze antiseptic bandage or clean cloth bandage, and then the electrocuted person escorted to the hospital.
(2) If the wound hemorrhage, to immediately try to stop. Pressure hemostasis is the most rapid temporary hemostasis method, that is, with fingers, palms or hemostatic rubber band in the bleeding blood supply end of the blood vessels will be deflated on the bone and stop bleeding, while quickly sent to the hospital for disposal. If the wound bleeding is not serious, can be used to disinfect gauze or clean fabric folded several layers of cover in the wound pressure to stop bleeding.
(3) high-voltage electric shock caused by arc burns, often deep bone, treatment is very complex. On-site rescue can be sterile saline or clean warm water rinse, and then rubbed with alcohol comprehensively, and then wrapped in a sterilized sheet or clean cloth sent to the hospital to deal with.
(4) for electrocution fall and fracture of the electrocution, should first stop bleeding, bandage, and then use wooden boards, bamboo poles, sticks and other items will be fractured limb temporary fixed and quickly sent to the hospital for treatment.
First of all, use a basin of water to splash on the electrocuted person, if he did not wake up, then artificial respiration!
What first aid measures should be taken in the event of electrocution 981, immediately cut off the power supply. Can be used to turn off the power switch, or use a dry wooden stick to pick open the wires and pull down the electric switch. Rescue workers pay attention to wear rubber-soled shoes or stand on a dry board, find ways to make the injured from the power supply. High-voltage lines need to be moved away from 10 meters before approaching the casualty. Attention to safety first, never in the power supply is not cut off or the electrified body is still in contact with the injured when the rescue. 2, from the power supply immediately after checking the casualty's vital signs, found that the heartbeat respiratory arrest immediately CPR and call for help. It should be done unremittingly until the first aiders arrive to take over. 3、Don't move the casualty whose heartbeat has been restored to prevent ventricular fibrillation from recurring and leading to cardiac arrest. You should wait for the emergency personnel to arrive or wait until the casualty is fully awake before moving. Electrocution should be prevention-oriented, strictly according to the operating procedures with electricity, to prevent accidents.
What rescue measures should be taken in the event of electrocutionIn the event of electrocution, in order to ensure the safety of the rescuer itself at the same time, we must first try to make the electrocuted person quickly from the power supply, and then carry out the following repair work.
(1) Undo the tight clothes that prevent the electrocuted person from breathing.
(2) Check the mouth of the electrocuted person, clean the mucus in the mouth, and remove the dentures if any.
(3) immediately on the spot rescue, such as respiratory arrest, the use of mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration resuscitation, if the heart stops beating or irregular fibrillation, you can carry out artificial chest extrusion resuscitation. Never interrupt without reason. If the scene in addition to the rescuer, there is a second person present, should also immediately carry out the following work: 1) provide first aid tools and equipment. 2) persuade the scene of idle people. 3) keep the scene with sufficient lighting and maintain air circulation. 4) report to the leadership, and ask the doctor to come to the rescue.
The above content is based on the actual work of the students encountered problems organized for reference, if there are problems, please communicate in a timely manner, corrections.
Immediately with the side of the available non-conductive things will be disconnected from the power supply, or wire picking, will be electrocuted flat on the dry flat ground, unlock the collar clothes, hurry to shout 120 it, the rest of the nothing on the line, there is something on the need for a very professional, it is not possible to say here.
What rescue measures should be taken in the event of electrocution to seek answersIn the event of electrocution, in order to ensure the safety of the rescuer itself at the same time, must first try to make the electrocuted person quickly from the power source, and then rescue.
1. Undo the tight clothes that prevent the electrocuted person from breathing.
2. Check the electrocuted person's mouth, clean up the mucus in the mouth, if there is a denture, remove it.
3. Immediately on the spot rescue, such as respiratory arrest, the use of mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration rescue, if the heart stops beating or irregular fibrillation, can be artificially chest extrusion rescue. Never interrupt without reason.
If there is a second person present at the scene in addition to the rescuer, the following should be done immediately:
1. Provide tools and equipment for first aid.
2. Discourage people from the scene.
3. Maintain adequate lighting and air circulation at the scene.
4. As soon as possible to call the first aid phone, ask the doctor to come to the rescue.
What measures should be taken in case of electrocution?
In the event of electrocution, while ensuring the safety of the rescuer, we must first try to make the electrocuted person get off the power quickly, and then carry out the following rescue work:
(1) Undo the tight clothes that prevent the electrocuted person from breathing.
(2) Check the mouth of the electrocuted person, remove the mucus in the mouth, and remove the dentures (if any).
(3) Administer first aid immediately on the spot.
If a second person is present at the scene in addition to the rescuer, the following should be done immediately:
(1) Provide tools and equipment for first aid.
(2) Discourage people from the scene.
(3) Keep the site adequately illuminated and maintain air circulation.
What measures should be taken when the generator is electrocuted
It is too late to take any measures when the generator is electrocuted!
Generators should take measures to prevent electrocution when entering the workplace: 1: wear insulated rubber shoes. 2: bring insulated gloves. 3: check whether the insulating sleeve of the tool is broken. 4: one hand should be operated when working with electricity. The idle hand can not touch the ground, wall, chassis.
What methods should be taken in first aid for electrocution1, when electrocution occurs, the most important rescue measures is to quickly cut off the power supply first, and then rescue the injured.
2, cut off the power to open the wire, the rescuer should wear rubber shoes or stand on a dry wooden bench, wear plastic gloves, and use dry sticks and other non-conductive objects to pick open the wire.
3. Artificial respiration and chest compressions should not be stopped in the middle of the process, and should wait until the emergency medical personnel arrive to take further first aid measures.