Question Description:
Tell us about this person.
Ans:
"I will professionally devote my attention to the happiness of the person who confers care." This is the oath that Nightingale kept all her life
A short biography of Nightingale
In Chinese and foreign history, there have been few people, especially women, who have been able to overcome all obstacles and build up a special career with persistent faith. Nightingale, the originator of modern nursing and the founder of the modern nursing profession, is one of the most representative great women.
Nanding
Gale (Nightingale F 1820 ~ 1910) British. Born in Florence, Italy, the family was well off, highly educated, read a lot of literary masterpieces, know history, philosophy, mathematics, religious beliefs, good at music and painting, proficient in English, French, German, Italian four languages. As a young woman, she became interested in nursing because she often assisted her father's old friend (a doctor) in taking good care of patients. She traveled to Germany, France, and Greece to study hospitals and charitable organizations in those countries to enrich her knowledge and strengthen her determination to pursue a career in nursing. She studied nursing on her own and took an active part in the discussions of medical societies on social welfare, children's education and the improvement of hospital facilities, etc. In 1850, at the age of 30, she went to Germany to study nursing, and at the age of 33, she went to Paris to study nursing organization. After returning to the United States, she became the director of nursing at a hospital in London. on August 12, 1853, under the auspices of the Charity Commission, Nightingale set up a nursing home at No. 1 Harley Street, London, and began to carry out her ambitions, and she took a number of measures that were amazing to the people of the time. For example, the use of the patient to call the bell, set up a winch in the kitchen to transport meals to the sick, she emphasized that "any woman, regardless of creed, rich or poor, as long as the sick, can be sheltered ......" She showed extraordinary ability in her work, and everyone was obedient to her.
In 1853, the Crimean War broke out between Britain, France and other countries and Russia. At the beginning of the war, the British army's medical care conditions were very poor. The mortality rate of the wounded was as high as 42%. When these facts were disclosed by the press, the country was in uproar. Nightingale was invited by the British *** letter to lead 38 nurses to the front line. With her ideals and ambitions, she pioneered modern nursing on her own at the front. For a 35-year-old woman at the time, this was a very difficult challenge. At that time, female nurses called "Sisters" (Srsters) had long existed in the advanced countries of Europe, but Britain, due to religious and social stereotypes, had been opposed to the presence of female nurses in hospitals, especially in field hospitals. As a result, there were never any female nurses serving in the army in the past. Nightingale fully demonstrated her talents in all aspects at the front. She used her position and prestige to break through the barriers of the military authorities. Took out her own 30,000 pounds for the hospital to buy drugs and medical equipment and re-organization of the hospital, the establishment of the wounded to improve the living environment and nutritional conditions, reorganization of the operating room, canteen and laboratory, and soon changed the face of the field hospitals, can only take in 1,700 wounded field hospitals through her arrangements actually received 3,000 to 4,000 wounded. Here, her managerial and organizational skills were brought into full play. 6 months later, the field hospital underwent a dramatic change, with the casualty mortality rate dropping rapidly from 42% to 2%. This miraculous and visible nursing effect shook the country, and at the same time changed the value of nurses in Britain and raised the status of women, nursing work has been valued by the community since then. The importance of nursing was recognized. At the same time, for women to open up and create a noble profession. Nightingale to pay a great deal of energy and effort, she established a nurse patrol system, every night she always carries a wind lamp patrol wards, a night tour of the distance in more than 7 kilometers. Nightingale worked more than 20 hours a day, overworked, so that she contracted a lifelong disease. Upon returning to England, many soldiers compiled pamphlets and countless poems about Nightingale's exploits in the field hospitals. One poem, which was still being recited by British soldiers at reunions 50 years later, called Nightingale "the defender of the wounded, the patron saint, unselfish, with a pure heart, Ms. Nightingale, God's greatest blessing to us".
Revolutionary mentor Marx and Nightingale are contemporaries, he admired and moved by Nightingale's bravery and dedication, and wrote two passionate newsletters, respectively, published in Germany's "Neue Ordnungszeitung" and the U.S. "New York Tribune", so that the world is aware of this great woman. Nightingale's great contributions are: First, the founding of the world's first formal nursing school Nightingale left the front in November 1856 after the end of the war. After returning home, she had no time to take care of the tired and weak body, and immediately began to write books and dedicated to the creation of nursing school of intense work, her writings and more than 100 papers over the years are considered to be an important contribution to nursing education and hospital management.
On June 24, 1860, she donated a large sum of money from all walks of life in the United Kingdom in recognition of her merits as the "Nightingale Fund" to create the "Nightingale Nurses Training School" at St. Thomas' Hospital in London. St. Thomas' Hospital was founded in 1213 and has a long history of excellence in England. It was different from other hospitals in that it was never controlled by religion. The purpose of this school, considered by posterity to be the first formal nursing school in the world, was to experiment with a new type of school that was non-religious in nature by making nursing a scientific profession. She had clear rules for school management, selection of students, scheduling of courses, internships, and evaluation of grades, and formally established the nursing education system, pioneering the great cause of the modern nursing profession. This was an unprecedented contribution to mankind as a whole, and for this reason she deserves to be recognized as the pioneer of nursing. She felt that it was not easy to cultivate nursing talent, so she set up two principles: first, nurses can not only do "scrubber" work; and second, unless trained, otherwise, can not be the head of the nurses and teach others.
Nightingale's plan for the school and the basic principles are: "Nurses must receive technical training in specially organized hospitals, and nurses must live in school dormitories adapted to improve morals and discipline." She drew up a "Daily Statement of the Conduct and Academic Achievements of the Students", and in 1871, with the completion of the new building of St. Thomas Hospital and the expansion of the Nightingale School of Nursing, she advocated that the school should be a home for nurses, a place of training in morals, religion and practice. The students were all resident in the school, with the Sisters as housemistresses, and were encouraged to develop their interests by reading, attending Bible classes and listening to music. She wanted her students to be absolutely devoted and enthusiastic in their professional nursing work, and to be diligent and ethical. The school had 15 students in its first session, and by 1890, after more than 30 years of nursing education, it had trained 1005 students, most of whom were excellent and were employed by hospitals in Britain, the United States, and other Asian countries to run nursing schools.
Nightingale's students were spread throughout the major hospitals in the UK and far beyond the UK mainland. At the same time, Nightingale-style nursing schools were established in Europe and the United States. "The curriculum and organization of the Nightingale School of Nursing became the model for many nursing schools in Eurasia. With the increase in the number of trained nurses, the nursing profession developed rapidly in what is known internationally as the Nightingale Era. Before Florence Nightingale's nursing reforms, nursing was considered a *** profession, not respected, poorly paid, with three meals a day to be made in the hospital room. The image of the English nurse was that of a coarse, old woman, stupid, dirty, alcoholic and boorish, notorious in hospitals for not being able to do what she was told, let alone carry out any medical tasks, and only slightly above the status of a housekeeper. At that time, most of the hospital wards were one big unified room, beds are close together, dirty and unseemly, the walls and floors are stained with blood and stains and the stench, such a bad phenomenon, the difference is very small everywhere.
The importance of Nightingale's training in nursing is to make the community know that nursing is a "skill" and raise it to the status of a "specialized profession", Nightingale is known as the "founder of modern nursing. Nightingale is therefore called "the founder of modern nursing", and the subsequent superiority of the nursing staff's moral character, the improvement of social status, and the increase in wages, etc., all became natural results. And Nightingale to complete and improve the work of these methods, mainly three, that is, to lead by example, writing books and preaching and personal practice.
Since Nightingale's time, education for nursing practice has been the mainstay of the nursing profession. Since the 19th century, there have been discussions about the development of standards of nursing practice, the tasks of nurses, and the content of their work. The development of nursing on the front line, the revolution of the British military medical system, the creation of modern nursing education and the Franco-Prussian War and the establishment of the International Red Cross, all thanks to Nightingale's assistance and support. Nightingale's achievements were well known in Britain. She was also recognized as an expert in nursing in Europe and the U.S. In 1861, during the U.S. Civil War, the Northern Army asked her to help set up hospitals to treat wounded soldiers, and she provided information about the U.S. combat medical system and statistics. After the war, the Christian Coalition of America sent a special letter of thanks. Since then, she was always the first person consulted on major medical issues and programs in every country. In spite of her mountain of work, she was always in close touch and concerned with nursing education and nursing. She assisted in the establishment of a system of nursing in the Liverpool Poor Clerks' Home, and sent to its operation her favorite disciples and twelve professional nurses.
In 1863, the naming and categorization of diseases in the UK was confusing, and hospitals were divided. Nightingale's development of a standard model of medical statistics, which was adopted by hospitals across the UK, is recognized as a remarkable contribution.
Second, Nightingale's contribution to modern nursing and the impact of Nightingale that the concept of nursing is "the duty to protect people's health and care for the patient so that they are in the best state". 1859, December, she wrote in the "Nursing Journal", "We have no better language to express the word nursing. language for the word nursing, so the word 'nursing' is used". Upon its publication, the book was recognized by prominent figures in the health care community as "a work of the first importance" and "an epoch-making rarity". The Nursing Journal became a must-read classic for nurses. It became popular not only in England, but also in the United States. Later, it was translated into many foreign languages and distributed as a textbook for nursing schools. The book eloquently points out the social and biological nature of nursing and the influence of the spirit on the self. She summarized the principles of work, experience, rules and methods of cultivation, etc. based on facts, data and observations. She made an important contribution to the scientific tendency of nursing, stating that "all the nurse has to do is to place the patient in the best possible condition and let the body recover itself", presenting the earliest and most general view of the nature of nursing, and establishing the beginning of the professionalization of nursing. She emphasized that nurses should be persons of good character, dedication and nobility, and required nursing students to be "obedient, temperate, neat, and scrupulous". She attached importance not only to nursing education, but also to the moral education of nurses, and each year she selected 15 to 30 students from 1,000 to 2,000 applicants for enrollment. Most of the students were handpicked by her. The qualifications were upbringing, enterprise, quickness of mind, dexterity, good judgment and a certain level of education and religious beliefs. She believed that these qualities and attributes made one suitable to become a nurse. She demanded "truthfulness, honesty and dignity" from women and said, "Without these three, nothing will be accomplished."
Nightingale believed that nursing should not be done only in hospitals, but that preventive medicine should be organized through the community, and she also pointed out that "home nursing is more necessary than a well-equipped hospital or sanatorium to give nurses an education in how to improve the living conditions with the conditions of the patient's location, to educate in home health care and prevention of disease, and to demonstrate how to care for the patient at home. care of the patient at home." She emphasized that specialized training schools should also be established for the practice of lot home nursing. With her encouragement, the modern public **** health lot home nursing was created, which greatly enriched the content of nursing.
Nightingale believed that disease was a "restorative process". She also believed that in order to maintain or restore health, treatment or prevention of disease, nursing should create a favorable environment for the patient, and to distinguish between the care of the patient and the care of the difference between the disease, the patient as a whole. In Nightingale as director of the London Women's Hospital, it is clearly put forward: nurses in addition to the treatment of patients, but also requires the following nursing work, such as making the ward fresh air, comfortable environment, clean and quiet, good life care, dietary care, increase nutrition and so on. Nutritional problems of the patient's diet, sunlight, ward air, the environment of the absolute quiet and so on have put forward specific requirements and standards. She attached great importance to the psychological aspects of patient care, even requiring "social workers, chaplains and administrators * * * to work together in the care of the patient." In her Memorandum on Nursing, she emphasized the importance of observation, describing the need for purposeful work and basic nursing behaviors.
Nightingale pointed out the architectural shortcomings of many hospitals, arguing that the primary condition for the architectural design of a hospital is that it should not be hazardous to the patient, emphasizing that the architecture of a hospital does not lie in its luxuries but should be considered first and foremost in terms of the patient's comfort, arrangement, welfare, and hygiene. According to the information she investigated on the hospital's environmental health management, the construction of wards, furnishings, the number of beds, cleaning equipment and facilitate the work and management layout, etc., have put forward a more detailed argument. 1859, Nightingale completed a book of hospital summary, hospital construction and hospital management, put forward a revolutionary theory. She emphasized that good construction, hygiene and management could lead to better patient care. She changed the concept of nursing by suggesting new ways of managing wards. The book was so influential and shocking at the time that it was regarded as the definitive statement and model for hospital reform. Many nurses at home and abroad sought to purchase it. Since Nightingale school after more than a hundred years, the nursing cause continues to develop, the twentieth century nursing and Nightingale founded nursing has been very different, in the nursing knowledge structure, the purpose of nursing, nursing objects, the role of nurses in all aspects of the great changes, but, Nightingale's understanding of nursing and improve and insightful insights at that time and now, still has a profound and still has far-reaching influence and guidance.
On August 13, 1910, Nightingale died in her sleep at the age of 90, having made a superhuman contribution to pioneering nursing throughout Queen Victoria's reign. Her lifelong commitment to the reform and development of nursing led to remarkable achievements. This made her one of the great women of the 19th century who stood out and was admired and celebrated by the world. In order to commemorate her achievements, in 1912, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) advocated the hospitals and nursing schools in various countries to set May 12 every year on Nightingale's birthday to hold commemorative activities, and May 12 into the International Nurses' Day, in order to remember and commemorate this great woman.