Question 2: What are the commonly used metal materials in the design? What are the main characteristics of the design, the need for theoretical mechanics + mechanics of materials + structural mechanics and metal technology pad.
Not to mention that after all this, it is only the beginning. I can't afford the space and time here.
If you just want to scratch the surface, looking at metal materials manuals and even purchasing manuals on the subject [e.g., Practical Hardware Handbook] can be useful.
Question 3: What are the metal wear materials? According to the composition of metal wear-resistant materials Beijing Naimo metal wear-resistant materials are divided into the following five categories:
First, the high manganese steel series: such as high manganese steel (ZGMn13), KNMn19Cr2 (patented) high manganese alloy (ZGMn13Cr2MoRe), ultra-high manganese alloy (ZGMn18Cr2MoRe) and so on;
Second, the series of anti-wear chrome cast iron
The third is wear-resistant alloy steel series: such as medium, low and high carbon multi-alloy steel (such as ZG49SiMnCrMo and ZG35Cr2MONIRe);
The fourth is the Aubergine Ductile Iron (ADI) series
The fifth is various types of composite or gradient materials and cemented carbide materials, KN nano-alloys (patented products): such as chromium carbide composite materials (Cr2C3 = Q235), high-energy ion injection infiltration of tungsten carbide materials (WCSP), high-toughness cemented carbide (YK25.6), KN999 nano-alloys.
Question 4: mechanical equipment (automation equipment) composed of parts of what material, is it steel or iron or other? Mechanical parts are basically steel, racks and other general use of cast iron more. Theoretically, parts processing cutting can be processed, but now it should be forged and then finishing, so that the strength of the parts is better than the cutting process. Parts processed and can not become a finished product, the most critical is the final heat treatment program. Including the entire part of the heat treatment and surface heat treatment.
Most mechanical parts have national standards, try to use standard parts in the design, it is easy to find in the market, there is no need to find all the factory customization, non-standard parts customization price must not be cheap. Of course, if it is a robot or the like, it must be customized, and the material is not ordinary steel.
Manufacturers should look for local automotive industry more developed areas, it is recommended to find in Shanghai.
Question 5: metal materials engineering and mechanical design and manufacturing and automation which is more promising This depends on the specific circumstances, I think if you are ready to go to graduate school or engaged in scientific research, ready to make academic achievements, the study of metal materials engineering has the potential to learn, but also more promising. If you are ready to direct employment, mechanical better, applicable to a wide range of work phase is good to find, the work is also very easy to get started, but the follow-up development is not enough, have their own constraints!
In short, I think the study of materials is more promising! Whether it is to engage in academic or later employment, the subsequent development of materials specialties are good! Just material professional advantages of the pre-professional mechanical professional weaknesses! These are mainly reflected in the preliminary work, the material specialty requires a certain amount of work experience! Mechanical easy to get started, however, the late development of materials is very good!
Problem six: new metal materials There are many types of new metal materials, they are all alloys.
Shape memory alloy Shape memory alloy is a new functional metal materials, made of this alloy wire, even if it is kneaded into a ball, but as long as it reaches a certain temperature, it will be able to restore the original shape in an instant. Why do shape memory alloys have such incredible "memory"? The current explanation is that these alloys have a martensitic phase transition. Where the alloy has a martensitic phase transition, it will be heated to the temperature of the phase transition, from the martensitic structure to the austenitic structure, fully restored to its original shape.
The earliest successful shape memory alloy researched was the Ni-Ti alloy, known as nickel-titanium brain (Nitanon). It has the advantage of high reliability and good function, but the price is high. Copper-based shape memory alloys such as Cu-Zn-Al and Cu-Al-Ni are only 10% of the price of Ni-Ti alloys, but have poor reliability. Iron-based shape memory alloys have good rigidity, high strength, easy processing, low price, and are promising for development. Table 7-3 lists some shape memory alloys and their phase transition temperatures.
Shape memory alloys are widely used in satellites, aviation, bioengineering, medicine, energy, and automation because of their special shape memory function.
In the vast expanse of space, a U.S. manned spacecraft, Xu Xu landed on the quiet moon. Installed in the spacecraft on a small group of antennae, in the sunlight quickly unfolded, stretched into a hemisphere, began their work. Did the astronauts give the command, or did some automated instrument make it unfold? Neither. Because the antenna material, itself has a wonderful "memory", at a certain temperature, and back to the original shape.
Over the years, people always think that only people and some animals have the ability to "memory", non-living things are not likely to have this ability. However, U.S. scientists in the early 1950s accidentally found that some metals and their alloys also have a so-called "shape memory" ability. This new discovery immediately attracted the attention of scientists in many countries. Some shape memory alloys have been developed and are widely used in aerospace, machinery, electronic instruments and medical devices.
Why these alloys do not "forget" their "original shape"? Originally, these alloys have a transition temperature, in the transition temperature above, it has a kind of organizational structure, face in the transition temperature below, it has another kind of organizational structure. Structure of different performance, mentioned above the U.S. moon spacecraft on the self-expanding antenna, is made of nickel-titanium alloy, it has the ability of shape memory. This alloy in the transformation temperature above, hard and strong, great strength; and below the transformation temperature, it is very soft, easy to cold working. Scientists first make this alloy into the required hemispherical antenna, and then cooled to a certain temperature, so that it becomes soft, and then apply pressure to bend it into a small ball, so that it only occupies a very small space on the spacecraft. Once on the moon, the temperature from the sunlight is used to re-deploy the antenna back to the shape of a large hemisphere.
Shape memory alloys have aroused great interest and concern since their introduction, and in recent years, it has been found that there is also a shape memory effect in polymer materials, ferromagnetic materials and superconducting materials. The research and development of such shape memory materials will promote the development of machinery, electronics, automatic control, instrumentation and robotics and other related disciplines.
High-temperature alloys Turbine blades are key components of aircraft and space shuttle turbojet engines, which operate in very harsh environments. Turbojet engine work, from the atmosphere into the air, after compression in the combustion chamber and fuel mixing combustion hacking and then be pressed to the turbine. The turbine blades and the turbine disk rotate at high speeds of tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, and the gas is spewed into the tail and out of the nozzle, generating a powerful thrust. Among the components of the turbine, the blades have the highest operating temperature, are the most complex and easily damaged. Therefore, new high-temperature alloy materials are needed to manufacture the blades.
Hydrogen storage alloy Hydrogen is one of the new energy sources to be developed in the 21st century. The advantages of hydrogen energy are high heating value, no pollution and abundant resources. Hydrogen storage alloy is the use of metal or alloy and hydrogen to form hydride and hydrogen storage. Metals are dense stacked structure, there are many tetrahedral and octahedral voids in the structure, which can accommodate hydrogen atoms with smaller radii. Such as magnesium hydrogen storage alloys such as MgH2, Mg2Ni, etc.; rare earth hydrogen storage alloys such as LaNi5, in order to reduce the cost of a mixture of rare earths Mm instead of La, the introduction of MmNiMn, MmNiAl hydrogen storage alloys; titanium hydrogen storage alloys such as TiH2, TiMn1.5. Hydrogen storage alloys used in hydrogen dynamic ...... >>
Question 7: Which is better, metal materials engineering or mechanical design and manufacturing and automation? Metal materials engineering is more oriented towards materials. It may be divided into the materials department, while the mechanical program is definitely the engineering school.
Mechanical is mainly applied, mathematics, science and chemistry are applied. The main basic courses are mechanics, mechanical fundamentals and electrical engineering.
And for metal materials, I think chemistry is probably the most in-depth course.
Mechanics also studies metallic materials, but it's just one book, and the course is called Engineering Materials.
In terms of employment, mechanical is very broad.
Question 8: What are the structural materials Structural materials (structural material) is based on mechanical properties to manufacture the materials used in the stressed components, of course, the structural materials have certain requirements for physical or chemical properties, such as luster, thermal conductivity, resistance to irradiation, corrosion, oxidation, etc.
The structural materials are used in the construction of the building industry, and are also used in the construction of the building industry, as well as in the construction of the building industry.
The main structural materials in the construction project are reinforced concrete sand stone
Modern communications, computers, information network technology, integrated micro-mechanical intelligent systems, industrial automation and home appliances, and other electronic information technology-based high-tech industries are developing rapidly, promoting a series of information functional materials research, development, and wide range of applications. The research and development of structural materials with high specific strength, high specific stiffness, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties is the main direction of the development of a new generation of high-performance structural materials. The materials segment is huge and complex, involving about 70 A-share listed companies. According to the development direction of the main new materials, we will be divided into metal new materials, new inorganic non-metallic materials, polymers and composite materials three categories.
New metal materials can be divided into high-performance metal structural materials and metal functional materials according to their functions and applications. High-performance metal structural materials refers to the traditional structural materials with higher temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high ductility and other characteristics of the new metal materials, including titanium, magnesium, zirconium and its
alloys, tantalum and niobium, hard materials, etc., as well as high-end specialty steels, aluminum and other new materials. Functional metal materials refer to materials that assist in the realization of light, electricity, magnetism or other special functions, including magnetic materials, metal energy materials, catalytic purification materials, information materials, superconducting materials, functional ceramic materials and so on.
Inorganic non-metallic materials refer to the oxides of certain elements, carbides, nitrides, borides, sulfur compounds and silicates, titanates, aluminates, phosphates and other oxygen-containing acid salts for the main composition of inorganic materials, including ceramics, glass, cement, refractory materials, enamel, abrasives and so on. New inorganic non-metallic materials refers to the microstructural design, precise chemical metrology, advanced preparation technology to achieve the non-harmful elements and have specific properties of the material.
From the material type, the new ceramics have high strength, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, etc., mainly used in automobiles, trains, airplanes, machinery and other manufacturing industries, stocks can pay attention to the production of ceramic bearings of the axle research science and technology and the production of ceramic brake pads of the Bo Yun new material; ceramic fiber has a lightweight, good thermal stability
, the characteristics of the thermal conductivity is low, widely used in energy conservation and environmental protection, machinery, Metallurgical chemical industry and other fields, stocks can pay attention to Beijing Lier, Luyang shares; new glass, glass substrate is composed of liquid crystal display device is an important part of the basic components, the world's only four companies can manufacture glass substrate, domestic enterprises rainbow shares has made a technological breakthrough in glass substrate, is expected to achieve mass production by the end of the year, you can keep an eye on.
High-temperature structural ceramic materials is the focus of the development of advanced ceramic materials, its main application target is gas turbines and heavy trucks with low heat diesel engine. The use of ceramic engines can improve thermal efficiency and reduce fuel consumption.
Question nine: Xi'an University of Technology in addition to measurement and control technology and instrumentation, metal materials engineering, mechanical design and manufacturing and automation of these three specialties, and what is a good professional Optoelectronics is good, in fact, automation is not as good as into the electrical engineering and automation is good to find a job!
Question 10: What is used to analyze the chemical composition of metal materials The test method to identify the elements by which the metal is composed is called qualitative analysis. Determination of the relationship between the amount of each component (usually expressed as a percentage) of the test method called quantitative analysis. If chemical methods are used essentially for analytical purposes, the analysis is called chemical analysis. If the main use of chemical and physical methods (especially the final stage of the determination of physical methods are often applied), the general use of instruments to obtain the results of the analysis, known as instrumental analysis. Chemical analysis utilizes chemical reactions based on the unique chemical properties of various elements and their compounds to qualitatively or quantitatively analyze metallic materials. Quantitative chemical analysis can be divided into three types according to the final determination method: gravimetric analysis, titrimetric analysis and gas volumetric method. The weight analysis method is to make the measured element into a certain compound or monomers and other components in the sample separation, and finally weighing method with the balance to determine the content of the element. Titrimetric analysis is a complete chemical reaction between a standard solution of known exact concentration and the element to be measured, and the content of the element to be measured is calculated according to the volume (measured with a buret) and concentration of the standard solution consumed. Gas volume method is to measure the volume of the gas to be measured (or to convert the element to be measured into gas form) absorbed (or occurring) with a gas tube to calculate the content of the element to be measured. Because chemical analysis has a wide range of application and easy to promote the characteristics, so far is still used for many standard analytical methods. Instrumental analysis according to the elements in the measured metal composition or its compounds of certain physical properties or physical and chemical properties of the interrelationship between the application of instrumental qualitative or quantitative analysis of metal materials. Some instrumental analyses still inevitably need to be completed by certain chemical pretreatment and necessary chemical reactions. Chemical analysis of metals commonly used instrumental analysis method of optical analysis and electrochemical analysis method. Optical analysis is based on the substance and electromagnetic waves (including from γ rays to radio waves throughout the spectral range) of the interrelationship, or the use of optical properties of substances to analyze the method. The most commonly used are absorbance photometry (infrared, visible and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy), atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy (spectral analysis), turbidity method, flame photometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis and radiochemical analysis. Electrochemical analysis method is based on the concentration of elements or their compounds in the measured metal and the potential, current, conductivity, capacitance or power to analyze the method. It mainly includes potentiometric method, electrolytic method, current method, polarographic method, Coulomb (power) method, conductivity method and ion-selective electrode method. Instrumental analysis is characterized by fast analysis speed, high sensitivity, easy to realize computer control and automation, can save manpower, reduce labor intensity and reduce environmental pollution. However, the test fittings are usually large and complex, expensive, some large, complex, sophisticated instruments are only suitable for large quantities and more complex composition of the sample analysis work. Reference: xkjwfg