After the invention of 198 1 year scanning tunneling microscope, a molecular world with the length of 1 to 100 nm was born, with the ultimate goal of directly constructing products with specific functions with atoms or molecules. Nanotechnology includes the following four main aspects:
1. Nanomaterials: When a substance reaches the nanometer scale, which is about 0. 1- 100 nanometer, the properties of the substance will suddenly change and special properties will appear. ?
2. Nano-dynamics: mainly micro-machinery and micro-motor, or MEMS for short, micro-sensors and actuators for belt-driven machinery, optical fiber communication systems, special electronic equipment, medical and diagnostic instruments, etc.
3. Nano-biology and nano-pharmacology: for example, fixing dna particles on mica surface with colloidal gold with nano-particle size, conducting experiments on the interaction between biomolecules with interdigital electrodes on the surface of silica, conducting double-layer planar biofilm of phospholipids and fatty acids, and fine structure of dna.
4. Nano-electronics: including nano-electronic devices based on quantum effect, optical/electrical properties of nanostructures, characterization of nano-electronic materials, atomic manipulation and assembly.
Extended data
Nanotechnology was born in the late 1980s, and its main significance is to understand and transform nature in the nanometer scale. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, especially through 3D printing and additive manufacturing, the raw materials needed for industrial production can be reduced to110 compared with the traditional methods, which will greatly promote the development of manufacturing industry in the future.
As early as 1959, physicist richard feynman concluded that matter "has a lot of space at the bottom". This conclusion reveals the possibility of "bottom-up" assembly based on single molecule and single atom for the first time. 198 1 after the appearance of electron scanning tunneling microscope, nano scientists found that matter had "supernatural" characteristics on the nanometer scale.
Under the guidance of quantum theory, the field of science and technology physics began to explore a "mesoscopic world" which is completely different from the macro world, that is, a physical world with a scale of about 0. 1- 100 nanometer. The real development of nanotechnology is only more than 30 years, but its adaptability, convergence effect and super-strong characteristics in functional application have penetrated into all scientific and industrial fields today.
Baidu encyclopedia-nanotechnology
People's Network-People's Daily Science and Technology Grand View: Nanotechnology Reshapes the Future Mode of Production