Personal understanding:?
1. Planning: The idea of work is relatively macroscopic and abstract, and it is often a reflection of work goals or expectations.
? 2. Plan: The arrangement of future work should have specific objectives, contents, resources and risk prediction. This is the specific arrangement for future work. ?
There are both connections and differences between them. First of all, the scope of project planning is far greater than that of project planning, which is a series of problems to be solved in three stages: project proposal, feasibility study and preliminary design. Project planning is only a necessary content in project planning, which needs to be analyzed in depth according to the planning objectives and the project plan is compiled.
Project scheme planning is the overall planning and design according to the functional requirements and objectives of the project, and the overall planning scheme is formed after screening. Compared with the project design, the project scheme planning is very rough, but its planning quality directly affects the future implementation effect of the project.
How to plan?
The main activities in the project planning stage include: determining the project objectives and scope; Define project phases and milestones; Estimate the project scale, cost, time and resources; Establish the project organization structure; Project work structure decomposition; Identify project risks; Make a comprehensive project plan.
The method of functional analysis and value evaluation can ensure the high quality and level of project planning scheme.
1. project function and objective analysis: before conceiving the scheme, carefully analyze the project function requirements and objectives (including overall objectives and sub-objectives, etc.). ), the technical indicators and economic indicators that the project plan must achieve under the guidance of objectives.
2. Overall scheme assumption: under the premise of project objectives and functions, carry out conceptual innovation, resulting in scheme assumption.
3. Overall scheme planning: Overall scheme planning is to turn the project ideas triggered by innovation into an overall scheme and plan the overall scheme. Such as the building area and the overall layout of the project.
4. Functional design of each part of the scheme: set the functions of each part of the scheme. For example, the technical standards adopted by each part of the scheme and the goals achieved, the equipment to be purchased and the facilities to be built, etc.
5. Rough selection of overall scheme: based on the overall planning and functional design of the scheme, the technical and economic indicators are roughly investigated and studied, and the optimization is carried out by means of multi-scheme comparison. Determine the feasibility study project scheme: After comparing the schemes, determine the 1-2 scheme for in-depth study and demonstration.
6. The specific planning scheme can be determined according to the project objectives and scope; Define project phases and milestones; Estimate the project scale, cost, time and resources; Establish the project organization structure; Project work structure decomposition; Identify project risks; Prepare for a comprehensive project plan. Just pay attention to the following questions:
Goal planning. The goal is the goal, and the goal is the program of action. Under different objectives, project management will have completely different methods or situations. Goal planning is mainly to determine the specific goals of project management. The description of project objectives can be qualitative or quantitative. But the goal must be specific, the concept must be complete, the connotation must be clear and not vague. The goal is achieved through management; After target planning and project implementation, target analysis should be carried out regularly to prevent action deviation; For qualitative objectives, it is mainly to manage whether the behavior of project management meets the requirements, while for quantitative objectives, it needs to be measured, analyzed and improved.
Risk planning. The core is to identify the main risks of the project and formulate risk countermeasures. Risk countermeasures should have strong principles. For example, the risk of paying the employer's funds, clearly stated in the risk planning that "once the employer fails to pay according to the contract, he must stop work", and so on. Risk is dynamic. The original risks may disappear or new risks may appear in the process of project implementation, so the project risks should be managed dynamically.
Organization and management planning. The core of project organization and management planning is to determine the project management mode and solve the problems of distribution, responsibility and management. At present, the main project management modes are: management assessment, contract operation and management contract. Management assessment: mainly set assessment indicators (such as cost indicators and quality objectives). ), the project management team will be rewarded if it reaches the assessment index. Contract management: fully responsible for contracting, self-financing, and clear responsibilities. Management contracting: through management, the project management team will not only get management fees, but also get a share of project profits. After the project management mode is determined, the next step is the establishment of the project department, the determination of management personnel, the division of post responsibilities, and the specific work of project management to people.
Capital plan. It costs money to finish any work. Therefore, it is very important to implement the project start-up funds and plan the capital demand in project implementation. The availability of funds is the basic guarantee for the continuous and normal construction of the project. The capital plan can be compiled in combination with the market situation (whether the supplier can pay in advance, etc.). ) After the overall construction progress plan and work plan are completed. The core elements of capital plan include: purpose, demand, time and source. When the project's own funds (advance payment and project payment) cannot meet the needs, there should be a financing plan and financial cost analysis.
Construction planning. Construction planning is mainly to solve how to complete the task through technology and organization. It is important to consider the overall schedule, overall layout and construction scheme of major projects. For some construction projects with relatively high technical requirements (such as deep foundation pits) and relatively complex projects (urban complex projects), the selection of construction technology and the planning of construction schemes are particularly important. Construction plan is the basis of compiling project planning cost. On the basis of construction planning, the project construction organization design and construction scheme can be worked out.
Work plan. Turning the program into action and thinking into reality requires a complete action plan, which is the work plan. The work plan should be formulated closely around the project objectives, overall project progress and various management systems of the project. Especially in the construction preparation stage, making a detailed project work plan is a powerful measure to ensure the orderly progress of the project. The core elements of the work plan include: work definition, work description, work standards, person in charge, working hours, work results, etc.