C, resistor R2 voltage U2 = E - I (R1 + r), I decrease, then U2 becomes larger, the capacitor plate voltage becomes larger, the amount of charge increases, so C is correct.
B, U2 becomes larger, the current through R2 I2 increases, the current through the ammeter IA = I - I2, I decreases, I2 increases, then IA decreases. That is, the current becomes smaller. Therefore, B is wrong.
D, according to the direction of the current in the external circuit in the direction of the current, the potential decreases, it can be seen that the potential of a is greater than zero, the potential at point a is equal to the voltage at the ends of R2, U2 becomes larger, then the potential at point a rises, so D is wrong.
The choice: C
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