Since the 1960s, with the development of the heavy ion gas pedal, atomic nuclear physics has opened up a flourishing new field - heavy ion physics. In other disciplines, such as atomic physics, materials science, life science, new energy research, astrophysics and other fields, heavy ion beams have also shown increasingly important application prospects and formed an important cross-disciplinary. In order to make our country occupy a place in the frontier field of heavy ion physics, the state invested in the construction of Lanzhou heavy ion gas pedal (HIRFL). After the construction of three major scientific projects and many improvements, the Lanzhou heavy ion gas pedal has now developed into the highest energy and largest heavy ion research in China, which consists of an electron cyclotron*** vibration (ECR) ion source, a 1.7-meter fan focusing cyclotron (SFC), a large separating-fan cyclotron (SSC), the newly constructed cooled storage ring (CSR) main ring and experimental ring, a radioactive beam flow line
The Institute of Modern Physics built a 1.5-meter classical cyclotron in the early 1960s, which contributed to the development of the hydrogen bomb in China through the experimental study of light nuclear reactions, and in the early 1970s, under the rapid development of heavy ion physics in the international arena, it was converted into a gas pedal capable of accelerating lighter and heavier ions, and it took the lead in carrying out the basic research of low-energy heavy ion physics in China.
In November 1976, the State Planning Commission of China approved the design and construction of the main gas pedal system of the Lanzhou Heavy Ion Accelerator by the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), with the main construction of a large separating-fan cyclotron and several experimental terminals. At the same time, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) matched the funding to convert the original 1.5-meter cyclotron into a 1.7-meter fan-focused cyclotron as an injector. The main gas pedal SSC and injector SFC of Lanzhou heavy ion gas pedal were built in 1988, and their main technical indexes reached the international advanced level at that time, and were awarded the first prize of the National Scientific and Technological Progress in 1992.The joint operation of SSC and SFC can accelerate the heavy ions to the medium energy, which can be used to carry out the research on the synthesis of new nuclides far away from the stabilization line, collision of medium and low energy heavy ions and thermonuclear properties, and the application of the heavy ion beam.
1991
In August 1991, the former State Planning Commission approved the establishment of Lanzhou Heavy Ion Accelerator National Laboratory, which was opened to domestic and foreign countries. 1997, a medium-energy radioactive beam flow line (RIBLL) with an innovative structure was built in the main gas pedal SSC, which created the conditions for China to carry out the research on radioactive beam physics; in 2006, a superconducting high-charge state ECR ion source with international leading level was was built and put into operation in 2006, which significantly increased the beam intensity of HIRFL; together with the implementation of a number of renovation projects, the operation level of HIRFL has entered the international advanced ranks.
In order to keep the research of heavy ion physics in China in some cutting-edge fields, and at the same time to carry out cross-disciplinary research on heavy ion treatment of tumors, the Institute of Modern Physics, after many years of pre-study and repeated demonstration, and in combination with China's national conditions, proposed the expansion of the multi-purpose Cooling and Storage Ring (CSR) project on the HIRFL. The CSR, as a national "Ninth Five-Year Plan" major scientific project, was approved by the State Council Leading Group of Science and Technology in June 1997, and approved by the National Development and Reform Commission to start construction in April 2000, and passed the national acceptance in July 2008, and was officially put into operation. It is equipped with hollow electron beam cooling, which greatly improves the beam accumulation efficiency, heavy ion beam energy, flow intensity and beam quality, and makes high-precision measurements possible under some extreme conditions. The construction of the project insists on independent innovation, and more than 70% of the equipment is self-developed, which has reached the advanced level of similar devices in the world in terms of ultra-high vacuum, design and processing of magnets and their power supplies, and automatic control, etc. The commissioning of the CSR provides advanced facilities for the basic research of China's heavy-ion nuclear physics, radioactive beam physics, high dissociation atomic physics, nuclear astrophysics, and hadron physics, and the applied research of life science, material science, and space science and technology. It has provided advanced experimental conditions for China's basic research in heavy ion nuclear physics, radioactive beam physics, nuclear astrophysics, hadron physics, and applied research in life science, material science, aerospace science and technology.