Palestine, anciently known as Canaan, is located in western Asia and covers what is now Israel, Jordan, Gaza and the West Bank. Historically, Palestine has been a land of mixed Jewish and Arab populations, with the Hebrew tribes, the ancestors of the Jews, moving to Palestine in the late 12th century BC. In the 11th century B.C., the wise and mercantile Jews established the Hebrew Kingdom here, which was once powerful. In 70 A.D., the Roman army occupied Jerusalem and destroyed the Jewish Temple. In 135 A.D., the Jews were expelled from Palestine, thus beginning a period of wandering that lasted more than 1,800 years. From the day they were expelled from their homeland, the Jews have never forgotten to return to their homeland.
At the end of the 19th century, there was a massive wave of anti-Semitism in Europe, which led to the rise of the Zionist ideology and movement. 1881, the Russian-Jewish doctor Dr. Pinsker published a book called "Self-Emancipation", which put forward the idea of establishing a Jewish nation-state. This book is considered to be the beginning of Zionism, and in 1896, the Hungarian Jewish lawyer Herzl published the book "The Jewish State", which put forward the idea of Zionism in its entirety. In response to the slogan "Jews out" that could be heard all over Europe at the time, he wrote: "I shall now put the question in its simplest form: shall we now 'go out'? Where to?" "Sovereignty should be granted to us over a part of the earth large enough to meet the normal needs of a people; the rest will be done by ourselves." Herzl's writings have had a great resonance among Jews, but there have been disagreements within the Jewish community as to where exactly this national home would be built. They envisioned it in South Africa and Argentina, and gave serious consideration to Uganda, for which they voted. It was not until the first World Zionist Congress, held in Basel, Switzerland, on August 29, 1897, that it was finally settled on Palestine, the cultural root of the Jewish mind.
The Congress proposed that the Jews establish "a publicly recognized and legally guaranteed homeland (or state)". At the same time, the World Zionist Organization was founded and began its activities. They organized the emigration of Jews to Palestine, which had been inhabited by Arabs for many centuries, and set up corresponding institutions such as the "Jewish National Fund" and the "Palestine Land Development Corporation". The year 1897, when the Congress was held, is considered to be the year when the Jews began to put their dream of a homeland into practice, and the beginning of the Israeli-Palestinian dispute.
Palestine was occupied by British troops during World War I and became a British "Mandate" after the war. On Nov. 2, 1917, British Foreign Secretary Balfour wrote a letter to Zionist Union Vice-President Rothschild stating that "His Majesty's Government is in favor of the establishment of a Jewish national state in Palestine. His Majesty's Government are in favor of the establishment of a Jewish national state in Palestine and will do their utmost to bring it about". This letter became known as the Balfour Declaration. The Jews then began to emigrate to Palestine in large numbers. However, this was strongly opposed by the local Arabs in Palestine, who pressured Britain to restrict Jewish immigration by means of riots and strikes. The unrest continued for three years. At the same time, the Jews, who had no means of livelihood under Nazi persecution, continued to emigrate to Palestine in large numbers, and by 1939, the total number of Jews who had emigrated to Palestine had risen to 445,000 people.
Between 1936 and 1939, Britain proposed the establishment of a Jewish state (much smaller than the area later delineated by the United Nations) and an Arab state in Palestine, but the Arabs rejected the proposal, and in May 1939, fearing that it might further inflame the resistance of the Arab countries, the British government took the initiative to show goodwill to the Arab countries by presenting the so-called White Paper on Palestine. The White Paper. The White Paper proposed to limit the immigration of Jews to 15,000 per year for the next five years, to restrict the purchase of Arab land by Jews, and to prepare for the gradual transfer of Palestine to a local government with an Arab majority under which the Jews could exercise a high degree of autonomy. The Arab unrest was quelled, but building trust between the antagonistic Jews and Arabs was clearly not an easy task.
The publication of the White Paper on Palestine came at a time when European Jews were struggling to find an oasis to escape the Nazi Holocaust. One third of the world's Jews were murdered in the Nazi's horrific Holocaust, with the victims totaling six million, and very few European Jews left. Britain's insistence on the White Paper's position of keeping persecuted German and Austrian Jews out of Palestine before declaring war on Germany put the local Jews and the Trusteeship authorities on the brink of war. It was only on the basis of **** and hatred of German fascism that the violence was kept in check. However, during the war, Jewish commandos never stopped vandalizing British military installations that intercepted illegal immigrants.
After the end of World War II, hundreds of thousands of Polish Jewish prisoners liberated from Nazi concentration camps became homeless. They could not return to their homeland, because at this time in Poland, the killing of returning Jews occurred one after another; in addition to a few Nordic countries, the war-ravaged Western European countries can not afford to accept them; even the United States has been known as an immigrant country are not willing to open the door. At this point, the only people who welcomed them with open arms were the Jewish community in Palestine. Britain's continued adherence to the policy of the White Paper led to an escalation of the conflict between the Jewish commandos and the British Trusteeship authorities. Jews blew up roads and bridges, attacked camps where illegal immigrants were detained, and assassinated British officials.
For Britain, this would be an unpopular war. At this time, Hitler's murder of six million Jews was being progressively exposed, and international public opinion was lopsidedly sympathetic to the Jews. It was untenable to allow the liberated Polish Jews to continue to live in concentration camps. With the exposure of the secret documents of the Axis powers, Britain's decision to reject Italy's offer and not to agree to the transfer of German and Austrian Jews to Palestine via Italy also came to light, and public opinion regarded Britain as an accomplice in the brutalization of the Jews. Under the pressure of international public opinion, Britain decided to get out of Palestine. on February 15, 1947, Britain announced the transfer of the hot potato of Palestine to the United Nations.
On November 29, 1947, the second session of the UN General Assembly voted to adopt a resolution on the partition of Palestine, UN Resolution 181, with 33 votes in favor, 13 against (of which 10 were Islamic countries) and 10 abstentions. The resolution stipulated that Britain end its mandate in Palestine and withdraw its troops by August 1, 1948, and that two months later, two states would be established on the land of Palestine, an Arab state and a Jewish state. According to the blueprint of the partition resolution, the Arab State could be up to 11,203 square kilometers, or about 43% of the total area of Palestine at that time, with a population of 725,000 Arabs and 10,000 Jews, while the Jewish State would be 14,942 square kilometers, or about 57% of the total area of Palestine, with a population of 497,000 Arabs and 598,000 Jews. The resolution also provided for the establishment of an international special regime for the city of Jerusalem, to be administered by the United Nations. The Soviet Union, out of concern to win over the ruling Labor Party in Israel, changed its anti-Semitic attitude inherent from the time of Imperial Russia and contributed to the establishment of the State of Israel, and gave diplomatic and military support to the establishment and consolidation of the State of Israel. Gromyko, the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, gave a moving speech at the General Assembly, which was instrumental in the successful adoption of Resolution 181. And Britain, which had sworn to support the restoration of the Jews in the Balfour Declaration, abstained from voting at this time.
At that time, there were more than 1.2 million Arabs in Palestine, accounting for more than 2/3 of the total population. But the territory of the Arab state in the partition resolution accounted for only 43% of the total area of Palestine. What is more intolerable to the Arabs is that the territory of the Arab State was fragmented and disconnected, and most of it was hilly and barren. The Jewish state is not, although the Jews only 600,000, less than 1/3 of the total population, but its territory is 57% of the total area of Palestine, most of which is located in the coastal strip, fertile land.
On the afternoon of May 14, 1948, the square in front of the Museum of Modern Art in Tel Aviv was filled with Jews. At 4 p.m., Ben-Gurion, the 1.6-meter-tall "father of the State of Israel," announced the Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel. Ben-Gurion was inaugurated as the first Prime Minister of Israel.
The news of Israel's founding spread over the airwaves and most countries reacted positively. Seventeen minutes after Ben-Gurion's declaration of statehood, White House Press Secretary Charlie Rose announced to reporters that the United States recognized Israel. The proclamation recognizing Israel was prepared by the Americans even before they knew what the new country would be called. Upon learning that the country was to be called "Israel," President Harry S. Truman penciled in "Israel" instead of "the Jewish State" and on May 17, the Soviet Union announced its recognition of Israel. Israel.
On May 15, 1948, the day after Israel's declaration of statehood, Britain announced the end of its mandate in Palestine. On that day, armies from the Arab League countries of Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Transjordan (renamed Jordan in 1950) entered Palestine, and at the same time, the Arab League issued a statement declaring a state of war against Israel, which led to the outbreak of the First Middle East War. This war is known as the "Palestine War".
Unlike the subsequent wars in the Middle East, the United Kingdom and the United States stood on the side of the Arabs in the Palestine War for the sake of long-term strategic considerations in the Arab world. Instead, it was the Soviet Union that gave full support to Israel in its bid to win over the fledgling state. Czechoslovakia, then under Soviet control, not only supplied Israel with large quantities of arms, but also provided Israel with specialized airfields, established air corridors, and trained air force and paratroopers for Israel. While the war was going on, a few Jewish soldiers of the American Air Force in Europe risked court-martial by stealing three heavy bombers, loading them with bombs at airfields in Czechoslovakia and taking off to bomb Cairo and Damascus.
As the Arab countries participating in the war were suspicious of each other, internal discord, King Abdullah of Transjordan and King Farouk of Egypt had their own plans, allowing Israel, which had only guerrilla strength, to take the initiative in the war. in mid-July, at the urging of the United Kingdom and the United States, Israel declared a cease-fire, but the sporadic fighting continued until 1949. After this war, Palestine was divided into three parts: Israel occupied 78% of the total area of Palestine, exceeding the area of more than 5,700 square kilometers as stipulated in the Partition Resolution; the West Bank came under the jurisdiction of Jordan; and the Gaza Strip came under the jurisdiction of Egypt. Nearly one million Palestinians were expelled from their homes and became refugees.
The defeat of the First Middle East War brought shame to the surrounding Arab countries, and revolution was in the air everywhere. 1949, March, August and December, Syria had three coups, and in July 1951, Jordan's King Abdullah, father and son, were assassinated by Palestinian refugees. King Abdullah's 18-year-old grandson, Hussein, who survived a bullet that struck a medal that his grandfather had pinned to his chest, succeeded to the throne as king of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1953.In July 1952, Egyptian soldiers overthrew the Farouk dynasty, and Nasser, the leader of the Free Officers Organization, became president in June 1956.
General information about Israel
Name of the country: The State of Israel
Independence Day: May 14 (1948) On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence. Although Israel adopts the Gregorian calendar for daily life, national holidays are observed on the Jewish calendar. Therefore, Independence Day does not necessarily fall on May 14 of the Gregorian calendar each year.
National Day: May 14 (1948)
Flag: rectangular in shape, with a ratio of length to width of about 3:2. The flag has a white field with a wide blue band at the top and bottom. The blue and white colors come from the colors of the shawl used by Jews for prayer. In the center of the white flag is a blue six-pointed star, which is the Star of King David, the ancient King of Israel, symbolizing the power of the state.
The coat of arms: a rectangular coat of arms. On the blue shield is a seven-branched candlestick, which is recorded as the object that lit the altar in the Temple of Jerusalem. The sides of the candlestick are decorated with olive branches, symbolizing the Jewish desire for peace. Underneath the candlestick is written in Hebrew, "The State of Israel".
National anthem: "Song of Hope"
Political figures: President Moshe Katsav, who took office in 2000; Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, who took office in March 2001 and was reappointed Prime Minister in February 2003; and Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom; Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz; Interim Speaker Simon Peres; Chief of General Staff Moshe Ya'alon; and Likud General Secretary Maxim Levy.
Former Israeli Prime Minister Rabin, who dedicated his life to peace in the Middle East
The Old City of Jerusalem in the moonlight
Geography: The State of Israel covers an area of 1.49 million square kilometers, according to the 1947 United Nations resolution on the partition of Palestine. Located in western Asia, north and Lebanon border, northeast and Syria border, east of Jordan, west of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Gulf of Aqaba, is Asia, Africa, Europe, the combination of three continents. The coast is a narrow plain, with mountains and plateaus in the east. It has a Mediterranean-type climate.
Population: 6,259,000 (2000 statistics, including the Jewish population of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem), of which Jews account for 76.7%, and Arabs, Druze and others for 23.3%. Hebrew is the national language, together with Arabic, the official language, and English is widely spoken. Judaism is the state religion, practiced by about 85% of the population and Islam by 13%.
Jewish New Year Wailing Wall Prayer
Capital: Founded in Tel Aviv (Tel Aviv), moved to Jerusalem (Jerusalem) in 1950, is not universally recognized. 30 July 1980 the Knesset passed a bill declaring Jerusalem is Israel's "eternal and indivisible capital", but it is the government's capital. Jerusalem was declared Israel's "eternal and undivided capital" by a bill passed by the Knesset on July 30, 1980, but its seat of government remains in Tel Aviv." [The status and ownership of Jerusalem has been a matter of dispute between the Arab states and Israel, with the Arab states demanding "Israel's withdrawal from all Arab territories it has occupied since 1967, including Arab Jerusalem (meaning East Jerusalem)." The vast majority of countries with diplomatic relations with Israel still maintain embassies in Tel Aviv]. The city of Jerusalem has a population of about 63.4 million (2000). The Wailing Wall
The port city of Haifa's iconic "Ship Tower"
Brief history: Israel has a long history and is the birthplace of the world's major religions, Judaism, Islam and Christianity. The distant ancestors of the Jews were the Hebrews, a branch of the ancient Semitic people. At the end of the 13th century BC, the Jews began to migrate from Egypt to Palestine, where they established the Kingdom of Hebrews and the Kingdom of Israel. These two kingdoms were conquered by the Assyrians and destroyed by the Babylonians in 722 and 586 BC. When the Romans invaded in 63 B.C., most of the Jews were expelled from Palestine and exiled to Europe and America. Palestine was occupied by the Arab Empire in the 7th century A.D., and the Arabs became the majority of its inhabitants. 16th century Palestine was annexed by the Ottoman Empire, and at the end of the 19th century the Jewish bourgeoisie of Europe initiated the "Zionist Movement", and established the "Zionist Organization of the Century" in 1897. "In 1917, Britain occupied Palestine and issued the Balfour Declaration on November 2nd.
With the first World Heritage Site, the ancient city of Acre, which is more than 5,000 years old and one of the oldest cities in the world
Expressing its belief in "the establishment of a Jewish home in Palestine for the Jewish people, guaranteed by public **** law". "In 1922, the League of Nations adopted the British Mandate for Palestine, which provided for the establishment of a "Jewish National Home" in Palestine. On November 29, 1947, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a resolution to establish an Arab State and a Jewish State in Palestine, and on May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was formally established.
The Gaza Strip and Jewish settlements The nuclear situation in Israel
Politics:Israel is a parliamentary state, with candidates for parliament running on a party basis. Israel does not have a constitution, only basic laws such as the Knesset Law, the Presidential Law and the Cabinet Law. The president is the symbolic head of state, and his functions are essentially ceremonial. The Knesset has the power to remove the President from office. The cabinet is responsible to the Knesset. Israel's electoral system >>> Likud Group
The Cathedral of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem
Economy: For more than 50 years, the land is barren, the shortage of resources in Israel, insist on taking the road of science and technology to strengthen the country, and attach importance to education and training of talents, so that the economy has been able to develop relatively quickly, and the per capita gross national product in 1999 was as high as 16,000 U.S. dollars. The development of Israel's high-tech industry has attracted the world's attention, especially in electronics, communications, computer software, medical equipment, biotechnology engineering, agriculture and aviation, etc., with advanced technology and advantages. Israel is located on the edge of the desert area, and water resources are scarce. The severe water shortage has enabled Israel to develop unique drip irrigation and water-saving techniques in agriculture, making full use of existing water resources and turning a large area of desert into an oasis. Less than 5% of the total population of farmers not only feed the nation, but also a large number of high-quality exports of fruits, vegetables, flowers and cotton.
Diplomacy: Carrying out all-round diplomacy. Maintains traditional friendly relations with Western countries; maintains strategic alliance with the United States; actively develops relations with the CIS countries and Eastern European countries; promotes the Middle East peace process and seeks to realize reconciliation with the Arab countries; expands relations with African and Asian countries.
Relations with China: On January 9, 1950, Israel declared its recognition of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
On January 24, 1992, Israel established ambassadorial diplomatic relations with China.
On December 2003, Israeli President Katsav paid a state visit to China.
Israel's relations with the PRC have been strengthened by the establishment of a new diplomatic relationship with the PRC.
Israel has a population of about 6.5 million, of which 5 million are Jews and the rest are mainly Arabs. Mostly foreign immigrants, Israelis are an amalgamation of people of various ethnic backgrounds, lifestyles, religious beliefs and cultural traditions. About 91% of the population lives in cities, and about 5% are members of distinctive village cooperatives ---- kibbutzim and moshavs. The capital, Jerusalem, has been the historical, spiritual and national center of the Jewish people since King David founded the capital some 3,000 years ago. The major cities are Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, Be'er Sheva, Netanya, and Eilat Tel Aviv, on the other hand, is the industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center of the country. The official languages are Hebrew and Arabic, with English and Russian also widely spoken.
Israel is located in the Middle East, west of the Mediterranean Sea, and with Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt border, for Europe, Asia, Africa, the confluence of three continents. Israel's land is long and narrow, an area of about 22,000 square kilometers. Israel's small size, but contains a wealth of geomorphological features, from the verdant plateau to the fertile green valleys, from the rolling hills of the desert to the coastal plains, from the Jordan Valley with a subtropical climate to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth. Israel's climate is characterized by abundant sunshine and a rainy season that lasts from November to April every other year. The diversity of Israel's flora and fauna is a reflection of its geographic location, varied topography and climate.
Israel is a parliamentary democracy with three branches of government: legislative, executive and judicial. The head of state is the president, a symbol of national unity and sovereignty, a position currently held by Moshe. This position is currently held by Moshe Katsav. The Knesset is Israel's legislative body, consisting of 120 members elected every four years by direct national popular vote, with the leader of the majority party in the Knesset appointed as the Prime Minister of the Government. The government, headed by the prime minister, is in charge of the executive, interior and foreign affairs.
As the cradle of monotheistic religions, Israel is known as the "Holy Land," with many holy sites and places of prayer for Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Baha'is. (As of 1999) Judaism 78.5%, Islam 15.0%, Christianity 2.1%, Druze 1.6%, others 2.7%.
In 2001, the Gross National Product (GNP) was $110.623 billion, the GNP per capita was $17,180, the unemployment rate was 9.3%, the inflation index was 1.4%, and the net foreign debt was $4.279 billion. Currency: New Israeli Shekel (NIS).
History of Israel and the origins of Sino-Israeli relations
To Israel, two points of view tit for tat: 1, the United States of America's lapdogs, the majority of the Middle East people don't***dai day's enemy, to China's duplicity, especially in the incident of the Wheelock even more with the Americans to conspire with the Americans delayed China's air force early warning aircraft into the service plan. 2, the Chinese people's good friend, the Chinese people with a sense of gratitude, the Tangshan earthquake first time announced aid to the Chinese people. When the earthquake, the first time to announce aid to the Chinese people 100 million U.S. dollars, as well as other explicit or implicit military support. Throughout Israel's history, it always seems that there is something wrong with both views.
1. When did Israel become a lackey of the United States?
Palestine is the homeland of the Jews, but the Roman Empire occupied Jerusalem, began to persecute the Jews, the Jews only uprooted from their homeland, but the smart Jews in Europe and the United States of America's financial, cultural, ideological, and scientific circles to shine, so much so that the Israelis patriotism education, often mention only two points: if there are no Jews, there is no atomic bomb, there is no Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China *** and the State, because Einstein and Marx were both Jews. Unfortunately, Jewish prominence is not liked by the locals, who blame Jews for corruption, unemployment, and poverty, somewhat similar to the Chinese in Indonesia. From Shakespeare's time or earlier, anti-Jewish thinking began in Europe, Shylock in The Merchant of Venice was a Jew, and by the 19th century, there was basically no country in Europe that welcomed Jews, and that's when an important figure in Israel's history appeared, Theodor Herzl, a French Jew, and it was he who led the creation of Zionism, and from the beginning of the 20th century, large numbers of Eastern European Jews have been Beginning in the early 20th century, large numbers of Eastern European Jews returned to Palestine, which had been under British rule, and the Jews shrewdly purchased land from the Arabs and built their homes in the midst of poor mountains. When the Nazis persecuted the Jews, Palestine became the hope of the Jews, but the British and the Arabs did not welcome the mass migration of the Jews. Conflicts began, and the Jews began to set up their own armed forces and clashed with the British and the Arabs, and although the Second World War that immediately followed eased the conflict between the Jews and the British, when the war had become clear, and Germany's defeat was certain, the persecution of the Jews reached its peak. When the persecution of the Jews reached its peak, the British still adopted a policy of restricting the entry of Jews into Palestine which angered the Jews, and Begin, the leader of the Jewish paramilitary organization, the Ilegon, ordered a war against the British in 1944, followed by Ben Gurion (the first Prime Minister of Israel) on October 1, 1945, who ordered the Jewish armed forces to carry out an armed attack against the British. It is hard to say who was right and who was wrong here, the British had to answer to the local Arabs, Palestine was not a suitable area for many people to live in, and next door Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, and Iraq were already quite vocal about the arrival of the Jews, there was no excuse for what the British were doing, but in the eyes of the Jews, the Jews of Euromaidan were at their most dangerous, and the restrictive policies of the British were the Jews' greatest enemy, and the war against the British was forced upon them.
By 1947, the anxious British had to bring the Palestine question to the United Nations, a two-way street, which the Jews welcomed and the Arabs were indifferent. The Jews advocated partition and succeeded in convincing the UN's Special Committee on Palestine, on the contrary, the Arabs refused to cooperate with the Special Committee, finally, on November 29, 1947, the UN passed the resolution on Israeli-Palestinian partition, note the vote, the US and the USSR voted in favor of the partition, as did most of the US and USSR's allies, a rare occasion when the US and the USSR saw eye-to-eye on an issue, and the US and the USSR were unanimous. The reason for this unanimity is complex and will be discussed below, and it was this reason that shaped the outcome of the first Middle East war. Those who voted against the war were the Arab countries, Britain and China (KMT) abstained. The Jews got a certificate of statehood from the United Nations. From that point on, there is a legal basis for Israel's existence.
The British trusteeship ended on May 14, 1948, and Jewish Israel was declared a full-fledged state, in accordance with a U.N. resolution. At that time still in Xibaipo, China **** expressed support for the liberated areas of North China, "Jizhong Herald" editorials for this cheer, named Israel, the new Jewish state, declared on the 14th, two thousand years without a homeland and wandering around the insults and massacres of the Jewish people, their demand for the establishment of the Jewish state's aspirations, began to be realized. The Arab countries, however, refused to recognize it. The day after Israel's founding, an alliance of five Arab states - Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Iraq - declared war on Israel to wipe the new state off the map. But it turned out that Israel prevailed, capturing large swaths of Arab land, and 960,000 Palestinians fled their homes. That was the first Middle East war, the start of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the origin of the Palestinian refugees.
History of the first Middle East War (Israel called the War of Independence) not much ink, but in fact, Israel is the most dangerous war, but also the Arabs into Israel's hinterland the deepest of a war, and then Israel never gave the Arabs this opportunity, just independent Israel, no air force, navy, not even the tanks, only a few artillery, a small number of machine guns, and then the Americans said, "We're going to have a lot of fun, but we're not going to be able to do it. At this time someone said, the Yankees to give support, now I have to tell you, the Americans in addition to support the establishment of Israel, did not give Israel 1 cent military partner, the real moral and military support for Israel to win the war of independence, is the socialist Soviet Union!
This is a fact, in fact the Middle East in 1948 was fundamentally different than it is now, at that time Egypt was ruled by the Farouk dynasty and supported by the British, Iraq was ruled by the Faisal dynasty, Jordan was also ruled by a king, Syria had just become independent not long ago and had politically fallen back to Britain and the U.S. Lebanon has always been pro-Western, so you can say that the U.S. had a good relationship with the Arab countries at that time, and the U.K. was the majority of the The United States had good relations with the Arab countries at that time, and Britain was the suzerain state of most of the Arab countries, therefore, it is not surprising that the United States and Britain remained neutral in the first Middle East War, and the newly independent Israel was politically led by the Workers' Party, and economically the kibbutzim were the main body of the economy, the cooperative economy, the communalization of the means of production, and the equal distribution of the fruits of labor were all in the same lineage as socialism, and capitalism and the free market were regarded as dirty words, comparing with those corrupt Arab kingdoms, how much it was like a socialist country. A socialist country. Stalin ordered Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, to provide a military airfield dedicated to smuggling weapons to Israel (because the USSR wouldn't openly offend the Arab countries and the US and Britain), gave those captured German equipment to Israel, which was in desperate need of weapons, free of charge, and hosted Israeli pilots who went for training. Romania, Hungary, and Poland allowed Jews to leave the country, easing Israel's manpower shortage. For these reasons, and with bravery for the country's independence, Israel won the first Middle East war.
The war ended and friends became enemies.
First of all, there was Israel's break with the Soviet Union, which was the second major power after the United States to recognize Israel. However, Israel was a small country, and it had to learn to survive in the cracks, as the leader of the country, Ben-Gurion had to think about the security of the country, and as the head of the democratically-elected government, he had to think about the betterment of the lives of the common people, and Israel's economic development could not be achieved without the West. Shortly after the war, Israel accepted a $100 million loan from the U.S. Export-Import Bank, but at the same time assured the Soviet Union that our government would never be tempted to follow others against the Soviet Union, and that it would not give its bases for use by any Western country. But Stalin thought otherwise, and soon the situation of the Jews in Eastern Europe began to deteriorate, but Israel's approach was to offend neither of the two great powers, to speak well of both, and even to remain silent when the Israeli delegation was instructed to do so on October 22, 1949, during the United Nations discussion of the question of human rights and the freedom of emigration from Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary.
However, Israel's finances were deteriorating, and without U.S. aid, Israel's economy was about to go bankrupt, and with the outbreak of the Korean War, Israel's wall-riding attitude came to a head, and it was forced to condemn North Korea against its will, and although Foreign Minister Sharit repeatedly explained and reassured the Soviets, the Soviets could already see that Israel, like Yugoslavia, was still going to run with the West. Massive anti-Semitism erupted in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union: the Prague public trial, in which eleven of the fourteen high-ranking officials on trial were Jews, the world-famous murder of a Soviet doctor charged with the murder of a Soviet doctor, again with Jews, followed by the declaration of Israel's ministers in Prague and Warsaw as personae non gratae. Finally, on February 16, 1953, the Soviet Union closed its embassy in Israel, and although relations between the two countries were eased by Stalin's death, and diplomatic relations were restored on July 20 at the initiative of the Soviet Union, relations were damaged, and beginning in the spring of 1954, at the United Nations, the Soviet Union took the lead in attacking Israel. Soviet diplomacy took a dramatic tilt.
All this had nothing to do with the dramatic changes in the Arab countries.
The Arabs lost the first Middle East war, and some junior officers believed that the war was lost not because of the strength and bravery of the Jews, but because of the incompetence and corruption of the kings. In 1953, the Free Officers' Corps, headed by Nasser, overthrew the Farouk dynasty, founded the Egyptian **** and the State of Peace, reversed their stand with Britain, turned against the Soviet Union, and in 1955 received 320 million dollars' worth of the latest Soviet weapons. US$320 million of the latest Soviet weapons, followed by Syria's agreement with the Soviet bloc.1958
On July 14, the Iraqi Free Officers' Organization, led by Abdul Karim Qassem, staged a coup d'état to overthrow the Faisal dynasty and proclaimed the Iraqi **** and State, with Qassem as prime minister.1959
On March 24, 1959, Iraq withdrew from the pro-US Baghdad Treaty Organization and the Sterling Zone. The Middle East political scene took a 180-degree turn. It was also at this time that New China's foreign policy in the Middle East was adjusted, with Egypt and other reformed countries establishing diplomatic relations with us, and we turned to support the Arab countries and started a diplomatic battle with Chiang Kai-shek's clique in the Middle East.
Just as the Arab countries received a steady stream of military support from the Soviet Union, Israel could not get the same quality of weapons, now the situation is that Egypt's quality and quantity of weapons exceeds that of Israel, according to the conventional projection, the Egyptian army will take six to eight months to learn and master the performance of the Soviet-style weapons, Egypt is likely to attack Israel in the spring and summer of 1956, however, Israel could not buy the weapons. Britain, the United States, and Canada could not be relied on (mainly because they did not think highly of Israel), this was the wait, the savior came out, the new French government had a favorable view of Israel, and the young Shimon Peres managed to persuade the French, and the French agreed to secretly (note: secretly) sell Israel 72 Mirage fighters, 200 AMX tanks, and large quantities of ammunition from 1956, worth 80 million dollars. The French were defeated in World War II, but French weaponry was still very much in evidence. The Israelis breathed a sigh of relief, but the Egyptian threat had not been eliminated.
July 26, 1956, Nasser announced that the British and French control of the Suez Canal into the country, cut off the two fallen empires, and directly affect their interests in Asia, the old colonialists immediately showed their hideous face, they found Israel, and Israel from the beginning of the War of Independence realized that their own land is small, can not wait for the enemy to fight in, and that would be to their own The country is not good, the most favorable is to fight out, first of all, the Arab leader Egypt to defeat, the three sides of a clap, by Israel to act as the aggressor, Britain and France to threaten the navigation of the Canal as the reason for the force of mediation, and take the opportunity to occupy the Canal. The war developed as expected and Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula. But man's plans are not as good as God's plans, the United States in the West to take the lead in attacking the aggressor