2. There are branch directors and head nurses as full-time monitoring personnel for hospital infection management.
3, monitoring doctors, nurses, clinicians, clinical nurses
Question 2: What are the transfusion reactions? What kind of reaction belongs to hospital infection 1, adverse drug reaction,
2, pyrogen reaction,
The pyrogen reaction is usually caused by the input of pyrogen, dead bacteria, free bacterial protein or impure pharmaceutical ingredients. The main manifestations of patients are chills, chills and fever, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, rapid pulse and general malaise.
3, phlebitis,
Phlebitis can be caused by mechanical injury caused by long course of intravenous infusion, high infusion concentration, strong drug action or repeated puncture, as well as the special physique of patients and lax disinfection during operation. The main manifestations are rope-like red lines along veins, redness, swelling and burning pain in local tissues, and sometimes accompanied by systemic symptoms such as chills and fever.
4. Acute left heart failure: venous fluid directly enters the systemic circulation of the body. Because the infusion speed is too fast, there is too much liquid in a short time, and the circulating blood volume increases sharply, which leads to excessive afterload and acute left heart failure. If the rescue is not timely, life may be in danger. The proportion of acute left heart failure is small, which is mostly caused by the patient's own coronary heart disease and large infusion volume. The patient adjusts the drip rate by himself.
The sense control workshop thinks that phlebitis is a common hospital infection caused by infusion, but it also belongs to hospital infection if drugs are unclean or excessive infusion leads to multiple drug resistance.
Question 3: What is secondary hospital infection? Hospital infection refers to the infection that patients or staff get in the hospital and produce clinical symptoms. Attachment: Hospital is a place with dense patients, and the hospital environment is most easily polluted by pathogenic microorganisms, which provides external conditions for the spread of diseases and promotes the occurrence of hospital infection. Hospital infection has brought serious harm to society and individuals. A large number of data prove that as long as nursing management is strict and preventive measures are implemented, hospital infection will occur less. Therefore, comprehensive measures must be taken to ensure that all disinfection, sterilization and isolation meet the predetermined requirements, so as to prevent and control the occurrence of hospital infection. At the same time, we have the responsibility to publicize to the society that everyone should pay attention to hygiene and protect the environment in time. First, the definition of hospital infection Hospital infection refers to the infection that patients or staff get in the hospital and produce clinical symptoms. Because infection has a certain incubation period, nosocomial infection also includes patients who are infected in the hospital and get sick after discharge. Second, the classification of hospital infection According to the different sources of infection, hospital infection can be divided into: (1) Endogenous infection (self-infection) refers to the infection caused by the normal flora of patients with low immune function. That is, the patient was a pathogen carrier before hospital infection, and when the body's resistance decreased, it caused its own infection. (2) Exogenous infection refers to the infection caused by invasive flora brought by others in the environment. Include: 1. Direct infection caused by cross-infection acquired in hospitals or other places (patients, carriers, staff, visitors and caregivers). 2. Environmental infection is an infection caused by polluted environment (air, water, medical equipment and other articles). Such as postoperative incision infection caused by operating room and air pollution, hepatitis B epidemic caused by lax sterilization of syringes, etc. Third, common hospital infection (1) Pulmonary infection often occurs in some diseases that seriously affect the patient's defense mechanism, such as cancer, leukemia, chronic obstructive pneumonia, or patients with tracheotomy and tracheal intubation. Judging pulmonary infection mainly depends on clinical manifestations, X-ray fluoroscopy or photos, and its incidence accounts for about 23.3% ~ 42% of nosocomial infection. Pulmonary infection is a great threat to critically ill patients, immunosuppressed patients and patients with weak immunity, and the mortality rate can reach 30%-50%. (2) Patients with urinary tract infection have no symptoms of urinary tract infection when they are admitted to hospital, but they have symptoms (fever, dysuria, etc.). ) 24 hours after hospitalization, there is bacterial growth in urine culture, or although there are no symptoms, the number of white blood cells in urine sample is above 10 /ml, and the number of bacteria is above 105 /ml, which can be judged as urinary tract infection. According to China's statistics, the incidence of urinary tract infection accounts for about 20.8% ~ 3 1.7% of hospital infections, and 66% ~ 86% of urinary tract infections are related to the use of catheters. (3) Wound infection Wound infection includes wound infection in surgery and traumatic events. The judgment of wound infection mainly depends on whether there is inflammatory reaction or pus in the wound and nearby tissues, more specifically, bacterial culture. According to statistics, the incidence of wound infection accounts for about 25% of hospital infection. (4) Viral hepatitis can spread not only in healthy people, but also in patients. Viral hepatitis can be divided into five types: A, B, C, D and E. The sources of infection of hepatitis A and E are patients and asymptomatic infected people, and they spread through the digestive tract. The feces with virus discharged by patients, without disinfection, pollute the water or food, and people get infected by eating boiled water or uncooked food by mistake, that is, fecal mouth infection. The sources of infection of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis D are patients and virus carriers. Viruses exist in blood and various body fluids. Infectious blood can be infected by slight damage to skin and mucous membrane, vertical transmission from mother to child, or close contact with blood products. (5) Patients infected with skin and other parts have skin or subcutaneous tissue suppuration, various dermatitis, bedsore infection, bacteremia, venous catheter and puncture site infection, endometrial infection and intra-abdominal infection during hospitalization. In-patients with tracheal intubation, repeated operation or prolonged operation time, indwelling catheterization, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunosuppressants, and elderly patients should be the key targets to prevent nosocomial infection. Four. Factors causing hospital infection (1) Subjective factors Medical staff have insufficient understanding of hospital infection and its harm; Can not strictly implement aseptic technology and disinfection and isolation system; Hospital rules and regulations are not perfect ... >>
Question 4: What is an outbreak of nosocomial infection? Nosocomial infection outbreak refers to the phenomenon that more than 3 cases of the same homologous infection occur in a short time among patients in medical institutions or their departments.
Question 5: What is the definition of nosocomial infection? What kind of bacteria is common in hospital infection at present? Hospital infection is also called hospital-acquired infection. It is the general name of all infections acquired by all kinds of people during hospitalization, mainly referring to the infections (including latent infections) acquired by patients (such as other medical personnel and accompanying personnel) during hospitalization, regardless of whether they are sick during hospitalization.
The pathogens of nosocomial infection are mainly pathogenic bacteria and drug-resistant bacteria, of which gram-negative bacteria account for more than 90%. At present, the common pathogens are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.