What is the legal procedure for adjusting from "Category B A" to "Category B B"? What are the changes in prevention and control measures? How to effectively prevent the risks that may arise after the adjustment? The State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism (JPCM) invited authoritative experts - Lei Zhenglong, Director of the Department of Prevention and Control of the National Institute of Disease Control and Prevention (NIDC), Xu Wenbo, Director of the Institute of Viral Diseases of the CDC, and Li Qun, Director of the Emergency Response Center of the CDC - to explain the situation.
Q: What are the criteria on which China's Class A, B, and C statutory infectious diseases are divided? At present, what are the categories of infectious diseases in Category A and "Category B A control"?
Lei Zhengrong: According to the outbreak of infectious diseases, epidemics and the degree of harm at the time of occurrence, the statutory infectious diseases are divided into three categories of A, B and C. The current types of statutory infectious diseases *** 40, including 2 types of Category A, 27 types of Category B, 11 types of Category C. At present, category A infectious diseases include bubonic plague and cholera, and the infectious diseases of "category B A control" include atypical pneumonia and pulmonary anthrax.
Q: What are the major differences in the prevention and control measures for "Category B A" and "Category B B" infectious diseases?
Lei Zhengrong: In terms of epidemic prevention and control, the differences between "Class B A" and "Class B B" are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
One is the reporting time limit. For "Class B A" infectious diseases, the responsible reporting unit and the responsible outbreak reporter should make a network report within two hours of discovery; for "Class B B" infectious diseases, the network report should be made within 24 hours.
The second is the isolation measures. "B A" infectious diseases on suspected patients and patients, carriers of the pathogen for isolation treatment, suspected patients and patients, carriers of the pathogen of close contacts in designated places for medical observation; "B B" infectious diseases according to the condition of the necessary treatment and control of transmission measures. Treatment and control of transmission measures.
Third, regional management. A case of infectious disease has occurred in the premises or the premises of a specific area of the people, isolation measures can be taken; for the outbreak of infectious diseases of A and B epidemic, can be taken to limit the gathering of activities, stopping work, stopping work, stopping classes, blockade of the infected area and other emergency measures.
Fourth, the transportation health quarantine. The occurrence of Class A infectious diseases, transportation health quarantine can be implemented; "Class B B control" infectious diseases do not implement this measure.
Q: What is the statutory procedure for adjusting from "Category B A control" to "Category B B control"? What risks will arise after the adjustment? How to effectively prevent?
Lei Zhengrong: According to the relevant provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Category B infectious diseases and sudden outbreaks of infectious diseases of unknown origin need to take Category A infectious disease prevention and control measures, by the State Council's administrative department of health reported to the State Council for approval to be announced and implemented.
New coronavirus infection from the "Class B A control" back to the "Class B B control" may face the following risks: First, after the adjustment due to the source of infection and close personnel to take isolation measures, may cause the new coronavirus infection rate shows a rapid upward trend. The first is that the failure to isolate the source of infection and closely supervised personnel may result in a rapid increase in the rate of new coronavirus infections. Second, a significant increase in the number of new coronavirus infections within a short period of time will significantly increase the demand for medical care, while the infection of medical personnel themselves will lead to a reduction in the supply of medical services, so that a relative shortage of medical resources may occur in some areas during the initial period of adjustment. Thirdly, at the beginning of the adjustment period, some members of the public may be anxious about the rapid rise of the new crown epidemic and worry about the health hazards of the new crown infection.
To this end, the following measures will be taken to effectively guard against possible risks and ensure the smooth implementation of the new coronavirus infection "Category B B tube". First, strengthen health education. Popularize the knowledge of prevention and control of new coronavirus infection, advocate good personal protection, adhere to wear masks, hand washing and other good health habits, help the public rational use of medication, the correct medical treatment, to maintain a calm state of mind, optimistic mood. Second, optimize the allocation of medical and health resources. Prepare medical resources in advance, coordinate medical and health resources in the region, and improve the mechanism of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. Third, strengthen the drug supply guarantee. Do a good job in the treatment of new coronavirus infection related to traditional Chinese medicine, symptomatic treatment drugs, antiviral drugs, antigen detection reagents and other preparations, through a variety of ways and means, to meet the needs of residents to purchase and use medicines.
Q: Is there any change in the government's responsibility in epidemic prevention and control after the adjustment? Do the departments still have responsibilities?
Lei Zhengrong: China's epidemic prevention and control always adhere to the people first, life first, give full play to the advantages of the system, around the "health, prevention of serious illnesses" to take appropriate measures to maximize the protection of people's lives and health, minimize the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development.
New coronavirus infection after the implementation of "Class B B tube", the relevant departments continue to division of labor, coordination and cooperation, focusing on promoting the following work: First, to further increase the vaccination rate of the elderly new coronavirus vaccine, the second is to improve the treatment of the new coronavirus infection related medicines and test reagents ready, third is to increase medical resources to improve and establish a mechanism for graded diagnosis and treatment. Establishment of a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment mechanism; fourthly, improvement of nucleic acid and antigen detection strategies for the population; fifthly, improvement of health surveys of key populations and classification and grading of health services; sixthly, strengthening of prevention and control of key populations, institutions and places; seventhly, strengthening of outbreak monitoring; and, eighthly, improvement of information dissemination and publicity and education. The competent authorities of various industries will also adjust the relevant policies, strengthen supervision and guidance, and actively and steadily promote the implementation of the new coronavirus infection "B B tube" measures.
Q: After the policy adjustment, how can individuals be the first person responsible for their own health?
Xu Wenbo: First, individuals do a good job of self-health monitoring, adhere to a regular work and rest, exercise, healthy diet, maintain a good state of mind and other healthy lifestyle.
The second is that they should pay attention to their own protection, wash their hands diligently, comply with the cough etiquette, civilized dining; keep their living room neat, often ventilated, cleaning-based, use disinfectants when necessary; to go to places where people gather should be regulated to wear masks.
Third, you can properly stock up on relevant medications, and after the emergence of suspected symptoms of the new crown, you can first carry out a self-antigen test, if the results are positive, and when the symptoms are mild, you can be treated at home; if there is a tendency for aggravation of the symptoms, you have to go to the health care institutions in a timely manner.
Fourth, if you test positive for the new coronavirus or have symptoms such as fever or respiratory infection, you should avoid going out as much as possible. Elderly people, people with high risk of severe underlying diseases, pregnant women, children and other special groups try not to go out.
Q: After the policy adjustment, how to effectively protect the elderly, pregnant women, children and other vulnerable people?
Xu Wenbo: First, the elderly, patients with serious underlying diseases, pregnant women, children and other vulnerable groups should first do a good job of self-protection, wash their hands diligently, standardize the wearing of masks, to avoid going to the crowd gathering, poorly ventilated places, such as must go to the whole process of standardization of the wearing of masks. Room should be ventilated frequently, pay attention to maintain environmental hygiene at home, receive express delivery and other items to do a good job of personal protection and moderate appearance of disinfection.
The second is to meet the vaccination requirements, should be completed as soon as possible the vaccine and booster vaccination. In particular, people over 60 years of age and at high risk for serious illnesses such as underlying diseases should receive as much as possible and as early as possible, which is extremely important for the protection of their own health.
Third, to minimize the chance of infection of the elderly, pregnant women, patients with serious underlying diseases, children and other vulnerable groups, if the family living with the infected person, home treatment can be arranged during a separate room, to avoid contact with the relevant people.
Fourth, the community mapping of the elderly, pregnant women and other vulnerable groups of people, pay attention to the medication and treatment needs of the people concerned, to provide them with the necessary health care services.
Fifth, the community and their families care about the mental health of vulnerable groups, so that they can maintain a happy mood, moderate exercise, and enhance the body's immunity.
Q: After the implementation of the "Class B B management", the new crown epidemic monitoring, data collection, reporting and publishing requirements of what changes?
Li Qun: the new coronavirus infection adjusted to "Class B B control" infectious diseases, disease monitoring, reporting and external release, but also to make some adjustments:
One is to adjust the content of the announcement. Retain the confirmed cases, serious cases and deaths, and no longer publish information about close contacts.
The second is to adjust the frequency of publication, adjusted according to changes in the epidemic, and eventually adjusted to once a month.
Third, adjust the monitoring content. Adjust the previous monitoring focusing on each case to monitoring focusing on epidemic trends and key populations, and on the basis of continuing to do a good job of direct reporting of infectious diseases on the network, carry out various forms of monitoring, such as sentinel surveillance of medical institutions and community populations, and strengthen the monitoring of viral mutations, and the relevant monitoring results will be published on the CDC website.
Q: Is it possible to go further and reduce the new coronavirus infection to Category C infectious disease? What are the conditions needed to downgrade from Category B to Category C?
Li Qun: According to the mode of transmission of infectious diseases, the speed of transmission, the intensity of prevalence, as well as the degree of harm to human health and society, the Law on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases will be divided into three categories of statutory infectious diseases: A, B and C. The law also provides for the reduction of the number of infectious diseases to three categories. Category C infectious diseases are usually some common and frequent infectious diseases, like influenza, mumps, rubella, hand, foot and mouth disease and other **** 11 kinds. The focus of prevention and control of this type of infectious disease is to pay attention to its epidemic trend and control outbreaks and epidemics.
Whether to further adjust the new coronavirus infection as a category C infectious disease, depending on its degree of harm, the need for continuous monitoring of disease incidence and viral mutation, with sufficient basis, after a scientific assessment, and then consider whether to adjust from Category B to Category C. Generally speaking, consideration should be given to three aspects: firstly, the virus strain is more stable, and the virulence and pathogenicity should preferably be further reduced; secondly, the understanding of the disease is more comprehensive and systematic, and the means of prevention and treatment are more mature; and thirdly, the public has a fuller knowledge of the risk of the disease and the ability of personal protection is constantly improving. It still needs some time to observe the research and accumulate more scientific data for evaluation.
Q: After the policy adjustment, will the epidemic response organization system and response system be adjusted accordingly? Will group prevention and control, joint prevention and control still be maintained?
Li Qun: since the new crown epidemic, China's epidemic response organization system, working mechanism has been in accordance with the global epidemic situation changes and virus mutation, and combined with China's epidemic prevention and control practice, according to the time and situation according to the place to optimize, adjust, improve. After this adjustment, localities can, according to the needs of prevention and control work and the effect of the implementation of prevention and control measures, in-depth research and demonstration, continue to optimize, adjust and improve the organizational system of epidemic response, response mechanism, in order to better coordinate the prevention and control of epidemics and economic and social development.
Group prevention and control, joint prevention and control has been the successful experience of China's response to various types of infectious disease outbreaks. In the future, it is still necessary to adhere to the scientific prevention and control, precise policy, continue to pay attention to changes in the international and domestic epidemiological situation, continue to carry out monitoring and analysis of virus mutation, continue to optimize the epidemic prevention and control policies and measures, and make good use of the group prevention and control, joint prevention and control of this important magic weapon.