Take the export packaging of a large German locomotive as an example, talk about the export packaging process of large electromechanical equipment and its related content. I . Packaging and packaging requirements Introduction Packaging product is a train locomotive to be exported from China to South American countries.
II. Packaging process and packaging molding process
2.1 Packaging molding will be packaged wooden box structure size and so on according to the equipment design, here will be according to the design requirements of the selection of the corresponding packaging materials and complete the processing of a single piece; will be packaged for the locomotive in a timely manner will be the base with four sliding logs, two end logs, two long logs and the bottom plate, separated side panels in the end boards of the column, diagonal braces, box boards, and other components, the top cover the required crossbeam , connecting beams, top plate, etc. were processed and assembled separately and then transported to the packing shop. As the locomotive is particularly heavy, it is certainly difficult to bear the base structure composed of only the sliding timber and end timber when lifting, so the steel and wood combination structure is chosen.
The so-called steel and wood combination structure is in the loading and unloading of the lifting position in the horizontal setting of two 125px-thick steel plate, each plate is welded to the ends of the vertical piece of small pieces of steel plate, small pieces of steel plate with a cable through the top of the lifting hole. The middle of the two horizontal steel plates are welded with several support blocks according to the bottom structure of the locomotive. Then in the two pieces of steel plate were fixed on four long logs, its cross-section size 2O cm × 24 cm. in the logs were bolted at both ends of an end of a bolt each fixed, its cross-section size of 10 cm × 2O cm. and then in the logs nailed to the width of 10 cm, thickness of 24 mm of the board as the base plate. A long wood is fixed on each of the two long side edges of the base, and the two long woods are located on the base plate, the outer side and the base plate are flush, and their long ends end on the inner side of the end wood, which just forms an outer frame together with the end wood.
The long timbers are bolted, and instead of using plain nuts all over the upper part, ring nuts are used at intervals to provide a place for tightening the harness to be used. By the same token, ring nuts are used on the two center bolts of the end logs. Thereafter the base was lifted, and some narrow planks were nailed transversely at regular intervals to the underside of the sliding timbers, which served, first, to prevent the heads of the bolts sticking out of the sliding timbers from damaging the deck of the boat, etc.
Secondly, to give a further increase in the overall strength of the base. Next, lay a piece of bubble plastic film on each of the two horizontal steel plate support blocks; then lay a layer of vapor phase rustproof film on the entire base plate; then lay a layer of bubble plastic film on the rustproof film at the steel plate support locomotive before placing a piece of plywood on top of it, and place a couple of small pieces of non-slip rubber liner on top of the plywood.
The gas-phase antirust film is a special solid material mixed into the plastic film, which will release a gas molecule to cover the metal surface during storage and transportation, forming a protective layer that prevents oxygen and moisture from reacting chemically with the metal and ensures that the electromechanical equipment does not rust. Heat sealing it also blocks water vapor. Two layers of bubble plastic film can prevent the steel frame below and the plywood above from damaging the vapor-phase antirust film and affecting the sealing antirust effect. The plywood prevents the metal on the bottom of the locomotive and the steel frame on the base from touching each other hard enough to create damage or damage the rust prevention film. And the function of the rubber liner is to increase the coefficient of friction to prevent the locomotive from sliding and damaging the locomotive during transportation. Around the locomotive with a safety belt combined with ring nuts to fix it to the base, the safety belt to withstand the tension of 5O kN.
The inside of the car easily movable accessories such as the fire extinguishers should be fixed up, hanging a certain amount of desiccant bags to prevent the occurrence of rust in the locomotive box. Finally, the upper part of the covered vapor phase antirust film and the lower part of the laid vapor phase antirust film heat-sealed closed, you can play a better rust prevention effect. Then the loose gas-phase antirust film is wrapped with tape to minimize its volume and prevent other assembly accessories from scratching the film. The outer packaging of the locomotive is in a closed wooden box. The end and side panels are made of thicker, narrower boards as a mixed structure of framed wood and plywood nailed together. Each side consists of 13 plywood panels of framed wood construction. Each component of the side panel's frame wood extends left and right to facilitate the connection between small pieces of plywood, and the entire side panel is nailed only to half the height from the bottom to the top to facilitate the installation of the top cover at the top. The top cover is 10 cm × 20 cm of four rectangular wood were bolted into two angled combination of frame wood, and then the two frames on both sides, on which were nailed to 18 evenly distributed beams to form the frame structure of the top cover. The width of the frame is the width of the roof, which is the sum of the length of the beams and the width of the long timbers.
The roof frame and the seven pieces of plywood used as top plates are lifted to the top of the locomotive with a crane, and the roof frame is nailed to the uprights as one piece. Next, the remaining parts of the side panels and the upper part of the end panels are nailed together, and then all the top panels are nailed together to the top frame, sealing the top in its entirety. At this point, the entire locomotive box has been formed. III. Wooden box packaging design and checking the calculation when designing the wooden packaging box first consider the strength problem. Steel plate used in locomotive packaging needs to withstand the weight of the entire box and the impact generated when lifting, before the manufacturer has been required by the calculation and verification. For ordinary wooden packaging box, its calculation and checking is divided into the base, end plate, side plate and top cover. The most important part of the base is the sliding wood. The number of skids usually depends on the width of the box. The German standard stipulates that for a width of up to 100 cm, two skids are used, while for a width of more than 180 cm, at least three skids must be used, and the distance between each two skids must not exceed 80 cm. The dimensions of skids and sleepers must be calculated, i.e. in combination with the permissible bending strength to check whether the selected cross-section size is sufficient to withstand the external forces during lifting. In Germany, the shear and compressive strengths of skids are often calculated. This refers to when the sliding wood below by the chain cable upward force, and the sliding wood above by the packaging through the sleeper to transfer the pressure downward action of the sliding wood force situation. If the cross-section size and strength of the baulk are not enough, the baulk will be damaged, thus affecting the strength of the whole box. Calculation results can not exceed the permissible pressure strength, the permissible empirical value for pine 0.2 kN/cm2.
Also can be calculated whether the end and side of the stacking of cracks or compression phenomenon, as well as the top cover in the lifting of the transverse by the chain extrusion or stacking of the pressure of the case. 2.2 Packaging auxiliary technology packaging process includes the following auxiliary technology. First of all, in the box top cover the appearance of a flat layer of sun and rain plastic film, its edge downward covering the end plate and the upper part of the side plate of about 2O centimeters, and with a special tool to the plastic film around the end of the box and the side plate stapled to the side plate. The mechanical properties of the film is very good, not easy to tear, can play a good role in rain.
Then in the box of the upper and bottom ribs of the lifting place were nailed to the iron, and marked by the lifting of the sign. Finally, in the end plate side plate spray printing up, afraid of moisture, center of gravity, packaging contract number and other signs, and indicate the name of the product, package size, weight, destination and so on. Locomotive export transportation packaging will be completed.