Bioengineering is the application of biotechnology in which living organisms (including microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells) or their components (organelles and enzymes) are used to produce valuable products under optimal conditions. It includes technologies for the practical application of organisms or their subcellular components in manufacturing, services, and environmental management. Bioengineering is the use of bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plant cells and cultured mammalian cells as raw materials for the industrial production process, therefore, only microbiology, biology, genetics, molecular biology, chemistry and chemical industry disciplines, a combination of multi-technology in order to make the application of bioengineering successful.
Bioengineering usually consists of the production of biological cells or biomaterials and the acquisition of the required chemical transformants. The latter can be subdivided into the synthesis of desired end-products (e.g., enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, steroids) and the decomposition of specific starting materials (e.g., wastewater treatment, decomposition of industrial wastes and waste oils).
Bioengineering usually has the following branches: fermentation engineering (microbial engineering); cell engineering; enzyme engineering; genetic engineering; biochemical engineering. Among them, fermentation engineering occupies the main position. Whether it is microorganisms, or transport plant cells; and whether it is a general selected strain, or engineering bacteria (recombinant microorganisms), the production process is roughly as shown in Figure 9-1. Bioengineering that does not take this model are monoclonal antibodies and plant genetic engineering.
2. Bioengineering
The so-called bioengineering is generally considered to be based on the theories and techniques of biology (especially microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, and cytology therein), combined with modern engineering technologies such as chemical, mechanical, and electronic computing, and making full use of the latest achievements in molecular biology, to consciously manipulate the genetic material, to directionally modify the organisms or their functions, and to create in a short period of time, organisms with far-reaching potentials. In order to create new species with ultra-distant traits in a short period of time, and then cultivate such "engineering bacteria" or "engineering cell lines" on a large scale through suitable bioreactors, so as to produce a large number of useful metabolites or play their unique physiological functions. Bioengineering is an emerging technology. Bioengineering includes five major projects, namely, genetic engineering (genetic engineering), cell engineering, microbial engineering (fermentation engineering), enzyme engineering (biochemical engineering) and bioreactor engineering. Of these five major fields, the first two act to use conventional bacteria (or plant and animal cell lines) as recipients of specific genetic material, so that they acquire foreign genes and become new species capable of expressing super-distant traits - "engineered bacteria" or "engineered cell lines". The role of the latter three is to create good growth and reproduction conditions for this new species with great potential value, and to carry out large-scale cultivation in order to give full play to its intrinsic potential and provide people with great economic and social benefits
3. Quality of bioengineering talents and employment prospects
1. Quality of bioengineering talents: jX
The 21st century is the era of increasingly fierce competition, the era of rapid change, and the era of rapid change. intense era, the rapidly changing times require constant innovation. 21st century talents should first of all have a sense of innovation, to be able to analyze the various problems encountered with new ways of thinking, without innovative thinking, human beings can not solve the complex problems faced by the new century. Secondly, they should have the ability to innovate, which includes not only knowledge of natural sciences, but also knowledge of humanities and social sciences, the latter of which is even more important in a country like ours that has long neglected the humanities and social sciences.ZNM\?
In today's technological era, people engaged in any occupation should have the following five basic abilities and three basic qualities..} i4{
1) The five abilities C~wO
(1). The ability to rationally utilize and dispose of all types of resources. Time --- selecting meaningful behavior, allocating time rationally, planning and mastering the progress of work; money --- making financial budgets and making necessary adjustments at any time; equipment --- Acquire, store and allocate the use of a variety of equipment; manpower --- Reasonable distribution of work, evaluation of work performance. (
(2). Ability to handle interpersonal relationships. Ability to participate as a member of a group; to teach new skills to others; to serve with sincerity; to insist on reasoning and make positive suggestions; to adjust interests for compromise; to be able to work with people of different backgrounds***. k*
(3). Ability to acquire information and utilize it. Obtaining and evaluating information; Analyzing and disseminating information; Using computers to process information. &rP&
(4). Ability to synthesize and analyze systems. Understand social and technological systems, recognize trends, and be able to recommend changes to current systems or design alternative new systems.S<~X
(5). Ability to utilize special techniques. Selects applicable techniques and equipment, understands and masters the means and procedures for operating equipment; maintains equipment and handles a variety of problems, including computer equipment and related technology.
2) Three Qualities %V
(1). Basic Skills. Reading skills - will collect and understand written documents; Writing skills - correctly write written reports and instructions; Listening skills - --Correctly understand spoken messages and cues; Oral presentation skills --Systematically express ideas; Mathematical operations skills - - basic mathematical operations to solve practical problems.j
(2). Thinking Skills. Creative thinking, able to come up with new ideas; Considering factors to make the best decision; Identifying and solving problems; Thinking and analyzing based on symbols and images; Learning and mastering new techniques; Analyzing the laws of things and applying them to solve problems.
(3). Personal qualities. A sense of responsibility, professionalism; self-respect, self-confidence; a sense of social responsibility, collective responsibility; self-discipline, can correctly evaluate themselves, self-control; integrity, honesty, and abide by the social and ethical code of conduct.
So, as a bioengineering students, in addition to the requirements of the above basic competencies and qualities, graduation should also be achieved in order to achieve the training objectives and adapt to the following basic requirements Work needs. (1) more systematic mastery of biochemistry, microbiology, cell biology, genetics, inorganic and analytical chemistry, higher mathematics and other related disciplines of the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills, by a better scientific thinking and scientific practice of the initial training; (2) the new development of this discipline and its application prospects have an understanding of a certain degree of applied research, scientific and technological development, production management and analysis and resolution of general (3) initial mastery of a foreign language, can successfully read foreign books and journals in this specialty, skilled literature search and other methods of obtaining scientific and technological information, can be more proficient in the use of microcomputers and have the initial programming ability.
On the employment prospects, there are two distinctly opposing
Favorable
The employment prospects of graduates of this specialty are very broad: (1) they can go to the medical and health care, pharmaceuticals, food, chemical industry, light industry, environmental protection, bio-engineering industry, bio-engineering high-tech companies and administrative departments, engaged in bio-engineering and related fields of applied research, engineering development and management; (2) graduates of undergraduate degree in bio-engineering and related fields of applied research, engineering development and management. (2) After graduation, students who meet the requirements for the bachelor's degree can be awarded the bachelor's degree, and can continue to study for the master's degree or go abroad for further study to become senior specialists in bioengineering.
From the above basic introduction, we can see that bioengineering is a very promising profession, while the development prospects of the industry and the employment prospects of the profession are better, but at the same time, we can also see that bioengineering is a high-tech industry, the demand for talents is also very high, so I hope that you can take advantage of the university this valuable time to study the profession, and should be further study if you have the conditions. Finally, I sincerely wish you all learning progress! Early success! Thank you all!
4. open bioengineering professional institutions
Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Southeast University, Zhejiang University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Sichuan University. Similar to chemical industry. Bioengineering industry part of the project threshold is high, lucrative
Opposition: God, you choose this major ！！！！
Oh my, I advise you to choose biotechnology or life science, never choose bioengineering. Because biotechnology or life sciences is science and bioengineering is engineering. Also, the focus of bioengineering varies from school to school, whereas biotech or life sciences are almost always pretty much the same.
Don't choose this major, I just saw these four words to come, and as a result, after almost a year of searching, have not found a job. The reason is that we are not studying the same thing, and if you are looking for a biotechnology company, you are not as deep as a biotechnology or life science company, and if you are looking for a company that is focusing on your own field, you are not as good as those who are specializing in engineering, so no one is looking for you.
And a lot of teachers don't know what the program really does, the name is just a way to lure students in. Unless you go abroad to attend this program, because the name of the program itself is imported from abroad, but it doesn't bring in what is to be learned, because currently the labs within our country's schools are simply not up to the task.
I'm telling you as a person who has been there before, be careful, if you don't pay attention, you will regret it for the rest of your life!
Positive: the way
1. abroad
Bio-engineering belongs to the comprehensive cross-development of disciplines, and with the application of a close combination of many famous foreign universities are very concerned about its development, so the opportunity to go abroad for further study is very large, there will be a greater space for the development of
You can turn to study the life sciences, which has a more advanced development of the study abroad, our country's famous universities are generally established with foreign universities, and the development of the life sciences, the development of the life sciences. Famous universities generally have established friendly exchange relations with foreign universities, will recommend many students of such majors to study abroad
If you change your major to study subjects closely related to engineering, such as food fermentation, etc., Holland, Japan and other countries is also a more desirable place to go
2.Graduate studies
Reporting is a large proportion of the study, if you want to have a good career in the discipline or want to engage in senior If you want to make a difference in your discipline or want to engage in advanced technical work, you must go to graduate school to further your education, generally more than half of the students will choose to go to graduate school
Graduate school has a wide range of choices to choose from, you can turn to a lot of related fields, such as biology, pharmaceuticals, food, etc.; the chances of guaranteed graduate school are greater, and the schools, research institutions, cross-bonding opportunities
Graduate school such as choosing the life sciences class, you are to the direction of the science research, and will generally be engaged in the research work.
Seeking a job
Suitable for technology development, engineering design, production management and product performance testing and analysis of bio-products in the pharmaceutical, food, environmental protection, commodity inspection and other sectors, as well as research and teaching in the teaching sector
Bachelor's degree students are directly engaged in scientific research work
There are many opportunities for undergraduate students to cross-bond in various schools and research institutes. Undergraduates are unlikely to be directly engaged in scientific research, some graduates turn to other industries, some graduates are engaged in the downstream technical work of related professions
Graduates directly in the direction of pharmaceuticals, food, etc., the content of the work of the general more monotonous technical work, and the need for further experience and practical ability to cultivate
Future employers
Related
Related
Related
Topics Research Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences Bioengineering Research Center, Tsinghua University Bioengineering, Beijing Concordia Institute of Bioengineering, etc.
Related Companies: Huamei Bioengineering, Beijing Best Bioengineering, China Bioengineering, Beijing Bioengineering, Shanghai Bioengineering, etc.
Topics in Biology: Popular Directions
Biological Safety
Biosafety refers to effective preventive and control measures for the negative impacts that may arise from the development and application of modern biotechnology, i.e., the potentially harmful impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, ecological environmental protection, and human health, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting biodiversity, ecological environment and human health. Modern biotechnology is completely different from traditional biotechnology which only crossbreeds among the same species, and it allows genes of humans, animals, plants and microorganisms to be artificially transferred to each other. Many ecologists and non-governmental organizations have strongly warned that people should pay attention to and guard against the environmental risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), arguing that the large-scale release of GMOs into the environment will likely cause irreparable ecological disasters to biodiversity and the ecological environment.
There is no doubt that biotechnology, a high technology, is indeed an important way in solving problems in various aspects such as medicine, agriculture and environment, and will bring huge economic and social benefits. However, the safety of biotechnology on the environment and human health cannot be ignored. Therefore, biosafety has attracted increasing attention.
At present, the domestic universities and colleges that offer majors related to this are mainly: Tsinghua University, Peking University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, China Agricultural University, Sichuan University, Beijing Normal University, Nankai University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Nanjing University and so on.
3. Professional SWOT Analysis
1). Advantages
High social recognition, high expectations for this profession
Wide range of knowledge, strong foundation in biology, solid knowledge of engineering, and an organic combination of the two
Solid foundation, wide range of applications, which can be easily transferred to the direction of biological sciences or other related application of the profession, such as food sciences, pharmaceutical sciences
Strong rational thinking, good at analyzing the problem Problem solving; focus on hands-on ability, can carry out independent experiments and submit professional papers
The ratio of guaranteed graduate school examination is very large, and many students have the opportunity to go abroad for further study
2). Disadvantages
Specialized courses are not very mature, and vary from school to school
Biological sciences and engineering knowledge are limited in depth
More subjects are required, and the coursework is heavy, so students have to put in a lot of energy to learn well, so they don't have enough time outside of class
The job prospect of graduating from undergraduate school is not very clear, and the related employment areas require Higher Education
3). Opportunities
To cultivate high-level scientific research and technical personnel disciplines, the proportion of going abroad is large, the major famous universities are very much focused on its development
Specialty applicable to a wide range of easy to change majors, you can further study the upstream of the life sciences, but also downstream of the practical engineering disciplines. Wide range of employment areas, such as pharmaceutical, food, research, or technology development
Linking advanced and high-end life sciences with applications, it is a very hot specialty with a very promising future
4). Challenges
Relative to the mouth of the profession requires higher education, undergraduate work after graduation is relatively difficult to find, for this reason, many students to further study, employment is generally engaged in a lower level of technical work or simply give up the profession and change careers
If you are interested in engaging in the relevant scientific research, you need to cultivate the spirit of solid research and exploration and focus on the hands-on ability to exercise, and to further study and learning, will be
Opposition
It can be seen that the main employment direction of bioengineering in the future is some pharmaceutical companies, food factories and so on. These companies need this kind of talent is very little, but the domestic students biology people are more, and do not forget, there are a large number of medical university pharmaceutical department and you compete, so, if only specializing in bioengineering, then, the employment prospects are still very poor.