The spacecraft consists of an orbital module, a return module, a propulsion module, and an additional segment, with a total length of 8860 mm and a total weight of 7840 kg. The spacecraft's manual control function and the environmental control and life-support sub-systems provide a guarantee of the safety of the astronauts.
The spacecraft was launched by the Long March-2f carrier rocket to an initial orbit with a perigee of 200km, an apogee of 350km and an inclination of 42.4°, and entered a circular orbit of 343km after the implementation of orbit change. The spacecraft circled the Earth 14 times and landed in the predetermined area.
The manned space flight of Shenzhou-5 has realized the millennial wish of the Chinese nation to fly to the sky, is a high degree of cohesion of the wisdom and spirit of the Chinese nation, and is a new milestone for China's space industry in the new century. Shenzhou-5
Launch time: October 15, 2003, 9:00 p.m.
Launch rocket: the new Long March 2F strapped rocket, this is the 71st flight of the Long March series of carrier rockets, and following the October 1996, China's 29th consecutive successful space launch.
Flight time to orbit: At 09:10, the ship and arrow separated, and the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft accurately entered the intended orbit.
Return time: 6:28 p.m. on October 16, 2003
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: Amu Gulang Grassland area in central Inner Mongolia
Flight time/laps: 21 hours/14 laps
Carrying items: In addition to the first person to fly in the sky, Yang Liwei. "Shenzhou" No. 5 manned spacecraft return capsule also carries a special significance of the Chinese flag, a Beijing 2008 Olympic Games emblem flag, a United Nations flag, the main currency of the RMB note samples, China's first manned space flight commemorative stamps, China's manned space project commemorative cover and from the motherland island of Taiwan's crop seeds and so on.
The pilot project was a great success.
Experimental projects: Shenzhou 5 will minimize the experimental projects and instruments in the cabin to make more space for astronauts to move around and carry out scientific observation tasks, and it can be said that this time the mission is mainly to examine the adaptability of astronauts in the space environment.
New technology applications: For the first time, the automatic fault detection system and escape system were added. Which set hundreds of failure modes, once the danger occurs immediately automatic alarm. Even after the spacecraft has been in the air for a period of time, it can escape from danger by escaping the rocket.
Editorial Shenzhou VI
Launch time: October 12, 2005, 9:0:0 seconds
Launch rocket: Shenzhou--Long March 2F carrier rocket
The flight time required for the spacecraft to enter the orbit: 584 seconds
Return time: October 17 at 4:32 a.m.
Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: Sizi Wang Grassland Autumn Rhythm
Flight time/laps: 115 hours and 32 minutes/flight 77 laps
Carrying goods: *** There are 8 categories of 64 kinds of carrying goods, including Hong Kong Jinlilai, Cha's Group and other well-known corporate logos, carrying biological strains, plant group culture seedlings and crops, plants, flowers seeds are used for space breeding experiments. At the opening ceremony, six special "passengers" had the opportunity to make a wonderful appearance, which were the Chinese flag used during the polar expedition, the five-ringed flag of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the flag of the Shanghai World Expo, the centennial commemorative issue of the Declaration, the painting and calligraphy "Six Cycles", and 10 pieces of space paintings by young pioneers. Shenzhou VI return capsule carrying the goods and "I write a letter to the 'Shenzhou' No. 6 astronauts essay activities" the special prize essay, *** and the country marshal special stamps and Shenzhou VI personalized stamps and other stamps, as well as calligraphy and painting works of famous artists.
Technical applications: the types of spaceships are very many, but the most commonly used is the satellite manned spaceship. This kind of spaceship like a satellite in a few hundred kilometers from the ground in near-Earth orbit, flying at an altitude of about 300 kilometers. There are single-cabin, double-cabin and triple-cabin spaceships, and at present, the spaceships of mature spacefaring countries are all triple-cabin, and Shenzhou VI is a triple-cabin spaceship, which shows that China's spaceflight technology has initially reached the international level.
Shenzhou VI spacecraft has the following characteristics: first, the starting point is very high, the spacecraft has the ability to carry three astronauts;
Secondly, the ship is a multi-purpose, the astronauts returned to the orbital silo can be unmanned state, as a satellite to continue to use for half a year, and even in the future to carry out the rendezvous and docking experiments; the third is the return capsule's diameter is large, the diameter of Russia's 2.2 meters, China's is 2.5 meters. Our country's is 2.5 meters. Finally, the return of the spacecraft is very safe, and comprehensive tests have been conducted in this regard. Overall, the technical progress of Shenzhou VI is huge.
Technological progress is mainly reflected in: first, the field of new materials, it is reported that in recent years China has made progress in the field of new materials, there are more than 2,000 from the aerospace field; second is the field of telecommunication, there are advances in hardware equipment, there are advances in the field of software, for example, coding technology ensures that the quality of the voice and the clarity of the image; the third is the image of the technology, the technology can be used in the military field, can also be used in the civilian field of technology. The fourth is special food, and the development of food for astronauts is very complicated; the fifth is special textile materials, and space suits are a system that is the crystallization of high technology; the sixth is the progress of electronic control systems, and the spacecraft is a complex system that involves a variety of complex sub-systems, and all the systems need to be controlled by electronic control systems; and the seventh is the progress of biomedical systems, and the human spaceflight and unmanned spaceflight are essentially the same as the human spaceflight, and the human spaceflight is the same. Spaceflight and unmanned spaceflight are fundamentally different, the complexity and reliability of the system is very different, the success of Shenzhou VI, indicating that China's related biomedical has made great progress.
The Shenzhou VI spacecraft is still a three-compartment structure with a propulsion module, a return module, and an orbital module, and the entire ship's shape and structure are the same as the original, with the weight basically remaining at about 8 tons. After the spacecraft entered the orbit, it firstly operated in the elliptical orbit with perigee of 200 kilometers and apogee of 350 kilometers for 5 laps, and then changed the orbit to the circular orbit 343 kilometers away from the ground, and it took 90 minutes to fly around the earth, and the flight track projected to the ground was a sinusoidal curve that continuously pushed to the east. The orbital characteristics are the same as those of Shenzhou V.
Because there is no rendezvous and docking task in this flight, Shenzhou VI canceled the additional segment used for this function. In addition, the spacecraft added more than 40 new devices and 6 software, making the spacecraft's equipment reach more than 600, 82 software, and more than 100,000 components.
The improvements of Shenzhou VI can be roughly summarized into four aspects:
First, the improvements around the two multi-day flight mission. First, a sufficient amount or even a surplus of astronauts' consumables were prepared, including food, water, sleeping bags, etc. The food cabinet was placed in the orbital module. Food cabinets are placed in the orbital module, previously in a vacant state. Astronaut water was prepared both in tanks and in individual soft packs, based on one and a half warmers per person per day. Second, the environmental control of the cockpit was improved. One person exhales nearly a liter of water a day. Shenzhou VI has improved its ability to condense water vapor, enlarged the condensate tank, and plastered all exposed piping with water-absorbent materials to ensure that the spacecraft's humidity is controlled at less than 80 percent. The oxygen, temperature and humidity in the cabin can be automatically sensed and adjusted.
Second, the orbital module function of the use of the improvement. A lot of necessities for astronauts' life have been placed, such as food heating devices and tableware. There is a sleeping bag hanging in the orbital module for two astronauts to take turns resting. Under weightlessness, a person can actually float in the air and sleep, but considering the habits that people have developed on the ground, the sleeping bag is used to artificially create a feeling of "bed", otherwise the astronauts may have the illusion of falling into an abyss when they sleep. The orbital module also has a special cleaning supplies cabinet, astronauts can use the wipes and other items for cleaning. The urine and feces collection device is also used for the first time this time.
Third, the improvement of astronaut safety. The return capsule astronauts' chairs are designed with a landing buffer function, which is designed to ensure the safety of astronauts in the event of a failure of the thrust reversal rocket. Shenzhou V spacecraft, only Yang Liwei riding in the chair with landing buffer function, and there is a small defect, is to return to the chair before lifting the astronauts difficult to see the situation outside the porthole. Shenzhou VI has redesigned the buffer and combined it with the whole ship for repeated tests, and the three tests thrown down from high towers and airplanes have been successful each time. The hatch between the return module and the orbital module will threaten the safety of the astronauts if it is not closed tightly when returning. Three Russian astronauts have died as a result. Shenzhou VI researchers developed a successful hatch closure rapid automatic detection device, and spent months developing a special rag, this cloth does not produce fibers, static electricity, odor, specifically for cleaning the hatch.
Fourth, continuous improvement. China's manned spaceflight project was officially launched in 1992, so far, 13 years have passed, the spacecraft on the initial use of components and raw materials, some of which are no longer in production, the individual technology has been slightly outdated. Shenzhou VI has made some daily continuous improvements. For example, the "black box" on Shenzhou I to V was developed in 1994, with a storage capacity of only 10 megabytes. Now the black box is not only 100 times larger than the original storage capacity, and data writing and reading speed has increased by more than 10 times, the volume is less than half of the original.
Editorial Shenzhou VII
"Shenzhou VII" successfully lifted off at 21:10:04 on September 25, 2008
"Shenzhou V" and "Shenzhou VI" were both launched in October. "Launch time are in the middle and late October, and the launch of Shenzhou VII will be advanced to the end of September lift-off. Relevant experts revealed that September and October are more suitable for the launch window, but because of the "Shenzhou" will perform spacewalk tasks, the end of September when the liftoff of the sun angle is more suitable for astronauts out of the capsule activities, can make the spacecraft in the shortest possible time to see the sun, to ensure that the astronauts out of the capsule when the operation of the sun.
The best meteorological conditions for launching manned spaceflight mainly include: no precipitation, ground wind speed less than 8 meters per second, horizontal visibility greater than 20 kilometers; 8 hours before the launch to 1 hour after the launch, the field area of 30 kilometers to 40 kilometers within the scope of no lightning activity; ship and arrow launch through the airspace 3 kilometers to 18 kilometers of the maximum wind speed at high altitude of less than 70 meters per second, in addition to the launch of the front and rear 9 hours can not have The first time I saw the ship, I saw the lightning and the thunder.
Huang Chunping said, whether the launch as scheduled, mainly depends on the launch site at the time of the weather and other conditions. Light rain and temperature generally do not affect the normal launch of the ship, but the wind may lead to delay the launch of the ship, because the wind speed exceeds the capacity of the rocket, it will be possible to change the direction of flight.
Huang Chunping also revealed that the astronauts spacewalk will then be carried out after the spacecraft enters orbit operation and orbits the Earth more than five times.
"Shenzhou" after landing search and rescue
"Shenzhou" return capsule in Inner Mongolia, the main landing site of the medical team leader, the PLA 306th Hospital, President Zou Dewei said, "Shenzhou" and "Shenzhou" are the same as "Shenzhou", but the "Shenzhou" is the same as "Shenzhou".
The PLA 306 Hospital has been serving as the main landing site for China's manned spaceflight astronauts during the "Shenwu" and "Shenzhou" periods, and on August 29th, the 306 Hospital's expert medical team for the "Shenzhou" mission was sent to the main landing site. On August 29, the 306 Hospital's expert medical team for the "Shenzhou VII" mission went to Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia. At present, this medical rescue team, which consists of 16 top experts, is conducting medical rescue drills near the main landing site.
In addition, the main landing site of "Shenzhou" medical rescue and "Shenzhou", "Shenzhou", "Shenzhou" is the biggest difference, is to take the helicopter group of air search and rescue platforms, and no longer use the ground platform. The most important difference is that the helicopter fleet will be used as the main air search and rescue platform, and no longer use the ground platform.
According to President Zou's introduction, the main landing site of "Shenzhou" near Siziwangqi in Inner Mongolia is a latitude and longitude coordinate range of more than 100 kilometers long and more than 80 kilometers wide with the theoretical landing point as the center. If ground vehicles are used for search and rescue, the speed will be relatively slow, so the search and rescue mission of "Shenzhou 7" will be mainly accomplished by helicopters. This year, the implementation of search and rescue, medical mission of the helicopter has more than 10, in addition to the command aircraft, there are 6 as a search and rescue mission, 1 as a medical supervision and medical insurance tasks, and medical ambulance team will use three helicopters.
Academician Qi Fahrenheit believes that people on the sky is not tourism, is to complete the research, development, and utilization of the space environment. Previously, Yang Liwei just the first step to try, to complete this task must be more people more days, let's say to assemble a space station or repair a satellite, people have to come out of the cabin, out of the cabin at least two people. Later to go to the space station to take the transportation vehicle to go to the space station to docking, open the door after the people inside to pick up out. From abroad, they spent a lot of tests to do this thing, and now according to our plan, "God seven" hope that people can go out of the cabin, the people called space walking. "Of course, how far away from the capsule? Can also be a little closer, can also be a little farther away." Academician Qi Fahrenheit said that the next step in our country is to solve the rendezvous and docking, rendezvous and docking at least three people. So our spacecraft should have this ability: three people in the sky for seven days, go up with 300 kilograms of stuff, come back with a hundred kilograms of stuff. If this time is very successful, there is no need to try two more people for more days, then we will go out of the capsule next time. Academician Qi bremsstrahlung believes that the "Shenzhou VII" that will go out of the capsule must solve two big problems on the basis of Shenzhou VI. Now the astronauts have a sealed capsule in which they wear space suits. When they leave the capsule, there is no air, so the space suit itself must be able to supply oxygen. The second is that when there is no temperature control, the space suit can ensure his normal temperature, so this space suit is equivalent to a small sealed cabin, this aspect is quite complicated. More advanced space suits can also be installed on the engine, a little fire on the go, equivalent to a small spaceship, to get out of the cabin to have these conditions. Academician Qi Fahrenheit said that in the future we have to have an airlock cabin on board, people wear space suits into the door, close the door, open the door outside to go out, if you open the door to the gas will be released, so there is an airlock cabin. "I'm just talking about the two main ones, as the astronauts have an extravehicular space suit, as our spacecraft to speak, there has to be an airlock compartment, to ensure that the original cabin to ensure that there is an atmospheric pressure."
Editorial Shenzhou spacecraft composition
Orbital module: "multi-functional hall"
"Shenzhou" spacecraft orbital module is a cylinder, with a total length of 2.8 meters, the maximum diameter of 2.25 meters, one end and The return module is connected to the other end of the space docking organization. The reason why the orbital module of "Shen6" is called "multi-functional hall" is because the two astronauts have to enter the return module in addition to the lift-off and return, and other time are in the orbital module. The orbital module set work, eat, sleep, wash and convenient and many other functions in one.
Escape Tower: Keeping the Spacecraft Safe
Escape Lifeguard Tower: Located at the very front of the spacecraft, it is 8 meters high. The tower itself is actually a small launch vehicle consisting of a series of rocket motors. During the period from 900 seconds before to 160 seconds after the takeoff of the rocket carrying the spacecraft,? Rocket running distance in 0 to 100 kilometers, once an emergency occurs, this life-saving tower will start in an emergency, tugging the "Shenzhou VI" spacecraft return capsule and orbital module and the rocket separation, quickly escape from danger, and the use of parachutes to land in a safe place.
Stay-on-orbit module: the astronauts "home"
Orbital module: also known as the work module. Its shape is a cylinder with conical angles at both ends, which is the astronaut's "space bedroom" and "work room". It also has two functions of astronauts' living module and orbital experiment module, so it is also called orbital module. Inside the orbital module, there are many kinds of experimental equipment and experimental instruments, which can be used for earth observation, and both sides of the module are equipped with retractable large-scale solar cell wings, solar sensitizers and various antennas, as well as various docking structures, which are used for converting solar energy into the energy source of the spacecraft, and communicating with the ground, and so on. As the astronauts "space bedroom", the environment of the orbital module is very comfortable, the cabin temperature is generally between 17 and 25 degrees Celsius.
Return capsule: the astronaut's "cab"
Return capsule: also known as the cockpit, it is the astronaut's "cab". It is the cabin section that astronauts ride when traveling to and from space, and it is a closed structure with a hatch at the front end. "After Shenzhou VI completes its flight around the earth, the two astronauts will return to the earth in the return capsule.
Propulsion module:
Also known as the instrument module. It is usually equipped with a propulsion system, power supply, orbital braking, and oxygen and water for the astronauts. Both sides of the propulsion module are also equipped with the main solar cell wings with an area of more than 20 square meters.
Launch Time:
Shenzhou VII spacecraft will be launched on September 25, 2008 for flight.
Edit segment introduction
Orbital module
Size: 2.8 meters long, 2.2 meters in diameter.
The orbital module of Shenzhou spacecraft is cylindrical in shape. In order to make the orbital module in the stage of solo flight can get power, the orbit module on both sides of the installation of the solar cell wing, each solar wing to remove the triangular part of the area of 2.0 × 3.4 meters, the orbital module free flight, it can be from it to provide more than 0.5 kilowatts of power. Orbital module aft there are four groups of small propulsion engine, each group of four, for the spacecraft to provide auxiliary thrust and orbital module separation continue to maintain orbital movement ability; orbital module side near the return module part of a round hatch, for astronauts in and out of the orbital module to provide a channel, however, the hatch to the most to the diameter of only 65 centimeters, only the body dexterity, specially trained people can go in and out of the free. Above the hatch is the observation window for the orbital module.
Orbital module is the spacecraft into orbit after the astronauts work, living place. In addition to food, drinking water and urine and feces collectors and other living devices, there are space applications and scientific experiments with instrumentation.
After the return capsule returns, the orbital module is equivalent to an earth observation satellite or a space laboratory, which will continue to stay in orbit and work for about half a year. The utilization of the orbital module is a major feature of the Chinese spacecraft, while the separation of the orbital module and the return module of the Russian and U.S. spacecraft is generally discarded and not used.