Polyurethane is the abbreviation of polyurethane, and its English name is polyurethane. It is a polymer material. Polyurethane is a new type of organic polymer material, known as "the fifth largest plastic", and is widely used in many fields of national economy because of its excellent properties. The product application fields involve light industry, chemical industry, electronics, textiles, medical treatment, architecture, building materials, automobiles, national defense, aerospace and aviation. ...
First of all, the application in daily life is:
Furniture industry application
1. Paint, 2. Paint, 3. Adhesive, 4. Sofa, 5. Mattress, 6. Seat armrest.
Application of household appliances
1. Electrical insulating coating 2. Wire and cable sheath 3. Insulation layer of refrigerator, freezer, disinfection cabinet, water heater, etc. 4. Waterproof potting compound for electronic components of washing machine.
Construction industry application
1. sealant, 2. Adhesive, 3. Roofing waterproof insulation layer, 4. Cold storage insulation, 5. Interior and exterior wall coatings, 6. Floor paint, 7. Synthetic wood, 8. Runway nine. Waterproof plugging agent, 10 plastic floor.
Traffic industry application
1. Aircraft and automobile interior seats, handrails, headrests, door inner panels, instrument panels, steering wheels, bumpers, shock absorbers and fenders 2. Carpet lining, paint 3. Insulation component, pipe 4. Sealing washer 5. Snow chains.
Application of shoemaking and leather industry
1. insole and outsole 2. Adhesive 3. Leather finishing agent 4. Artificial leather and synthetic leather coatings.
Sports industry application
Plastic sports ground (including basketball, volleyball, badminton, tennis court and runway laying), sportswear (dance clothes, swimsuits and dance clothes); Sports shoes and scooters
Second, the specific applications of various polyurethane materials are:
1, PU flexible PU
Cushion materials-such as seats, sofas, mattresses, etc. Polyurethane flexible foam is an ideal cushioning material, and cushioning material is also the application field with the largest amount of flexible foam;
Sound absorption material-porous polyurethane soft foam has good sound absorption and shock absorption function and can be used as indoor sound insulation material;
Fabric composites-shoulder pads, bra sponges, cotton pads; toy
2, polyurethane rigid foam rigid polyurethane
Rigid polyurethane foam is the most ideal insulation material for refrigerators, freezers, cold storage, refrigerated trucks and other refrigeration equipment.
Thermal insulation of industrial equipment-such as storage tanks and pipelines;
Building materials-in developed countries in Europe and America, rigid polyurethane foam for construction accounts for about 70% of the total consumption of rigid foam, which is more than double the consumption of rigid foam such as refrigerators and freezers; In China, the application of hard foam in the construction industry is not as common as that in western developed countries, so it has great development potential;
Transportation industry-such as car roof, interior parts (steering wheel, dashboard), etc. ;
Wood-like-high-density (300~700kg/m3) rigid polyurethane foam or glass fiber reinforced rigid foam is a kind of structural foam, also known as wood-like, which has the characteristics of high strength, good toughness, dense and tough crust, simple molding process and high production efficiency. The strength is higher than that of natural wood, and the density is lower than that of natural wood, so it can replace wood as various high-grade products.
Potting materials-such as waterproof grouting materials, plugging materials and roofing waterproof materials.
Flower industry -PU flower pots, flower arrangement mud, etc.
3. Polyurethane semi-rigid foam
Energy-absorbing foam-energy-absorbing foam has excellent shock absorption and buffering performance, good compressive load resistance and deformation recovery performance, and its most typical application is to prepare automobile bumpers;
Integral epidermal foam-used to prepare flexible internal functional parts and interior decoration such as steering wheel, armrest and headrest. Self-skinning foam products usually adopt reactive injection molding (RIM) processing technology.
The most typical application of microcellular elastomer-polyurethane microcellular elastomer is used in shoemaking industry.
4. Polyurethane elastomer.
Pouring polyurethane elastomer (CPU for short) is one of the most widely used and largest output polyurethane elastomers;
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU)-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer accounts for about 25% of the total polyurethane elastomer;
Mixed polyurethane elastomer (MPU)- accounts for about 10% of the total polyurethane elastomer.
Solid tire; Printing and conveying cots; Rubber pressing roller; Oil seal, washer ball joint, bushing bearing; O-ring; Support pad; Sole, back root, Baotou; Lining; Gears, etc. In different application fields, the hardness range of the selected elastomer is different.
Used in mining, metallurgy and other industries-sieve plate, shaking table and so on.
Application in machinery industry-cots, tapes, seals, etc.
Applications in automobile industry-tires, sealing rings, etc.
Application in light industry-polyurethane sole material, polyurethane synthetic leather and polyurethane fiber;
Applications in construction industry-waterproof materials, paving materials, potting materials, etc.
5. Polyurethane sole
Polyurethane soles have many advantages: low density, soft texture, comfortable and light to wear; Good dimensional stability and long storage period; Excellent wear resistance and flexibility; Excellent shock absorption and anti-skid performance; Good temperature resistance; Good chemical resistance, etc. Polyurethane is mostly used to make high-grade leather shoes, sports shoes and travel shoes.
6, polyurethane slurry
It can be divided into wet method and dry method. It is a transparent or slightly turbid polymer solution system, and its solid content is about (30-35)%, that is, (65-70)% of it is a solvent. To put it simply, 1 ton slurry contains (650-700) kilograms of solvent, which means there are so many dry-process toluene and butanone. For the wet process, it contains 650-700 kilograms of pure DMF, so for the slurry, the price changes like toluene and DMF greatly affect the cost of the slurry, for the simple reason that the dosage accounts for a large proportion.
Polyurethane slurry is used as coating to prepare polyurethane synthetic leather and artificial leather. Polyurethane synthetic leather has the appearance of soft luster, nature, soft hand feeling and strong leather feeling, and has excellent mechanical properties, such as excellent adhesion to the substrate, wear resistance, bending resistance, aging resistance and mildew resistance. At the same time, it also has the advantages of good cold resistance, good air permeability, good washing resistance, convenient processing and low price. It is the most ideal substitute for natural leather and is widely used in clothing, shoemaking, luggage, furniture, sports and other industries. Can be used in all fields where dermis is applied, and can also be used in fields where dermis cannot be applied. The market of genuine leather is easily influenced by the market of animals (cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.). Mad cow disease).
Dry polyurethane slurry-In the application process, the solvent in the slurry is evaporated by heating evaporation, and most of the solvents are toluene and butanone. The evaporated solvent cannot be recovered, which not only pollutes the environment, but also causes unnecessary waste.
Wet polyurethane slurry-DMF is extracted with water during processing (because DMF has infinite solubility with water), so it is more environmentally friendly. The produced synthetic leather has good moisture permeability, soft, plump and light hand feel, and is more rich in the style and appearance of natural leather, so the development speed is extremely amazing.
7. Polyurethane fiber (spandex for short)
Excellent performance of spandex: outstanding high resilience, which is incomparable to all elastic fibers at present. Its elongation at break is more than 400%, and the highest can reach 800%. Even at 300% stretching, the rebound recovery rate is still above 95%. Excellent tensile strength and tear strength; Strong weather resistance and ultraviolet radiation resistance; Resistant to chemicals and washing; Good affinity with dyes.
Spandex has been widely used in textiles, and it is a new textile material with high added value. There are four main forms of its use: bare yarn, core-spun yarn, covered yarn and twisted yarn. Such as stockings, swimsuits, dance clothes, lycra (pure cotton coated spandex yarn), clothing and so on. In traditional textiles, adding spandex below 10% can greatly improve the grade of traditional fabrics and present a soft, comfortable and elegant style.
8. Polyurethane coating
The application fields of polyurethane coatings mainly include: aircraft, ships and vehicles painting; Surface coating of wood, plastic, rubber and leather; Architectural painting; Anticorrosive coating and so on.
Waterborne polyurethane coating takes water as the main medium, which has the characteristics of low VOC content, low or no environmental pollution and convenient construction, and is one of the main substitutes for solvent-based coatings. It has been widely used in many fields, such as: (1) wood paint and wood floor paint; (2) paper coating; (3) architectural coatings; (4) leather coating; (5) Fabric coating, and so on.
9. Polyurethane adhesive
Polyurethane adhesive contains -NCO- (isocyanate group) and -NHCOO- (carbamate group), which has strong polarity and chemical activity, and has excellent chemical bonding performance with active hydrogen-containing substrates, such as foam, plastic, wood, leather, fabric, paper, ceramics and other porous materials, as well as smooth surface materials such as metal, glass, rubber and plastic.
Excellent shear strength and impact resistance, suitable for various structural bonding fields, excellent flexibility;
Polyurethane adhesive has excellent rubber properties and can adapt to the bonding of substrates with different thermal expansion coefficients. Forming a soft-hard transition layer between substrates not only has strong adhesion, but also has excellent cushioning and shock absorption functions.
The low temperature and ultra-low temperature properties of polyurethane adhesive exceed all other types of adhesives;
Waterborne polyurethane adhesive-Waterborne polyurethane adhesive has the characteristics of low VOC content, low or no environmental pollution and non-flammability, and is the key development direction of polyurethane adhesive.
10, polyurethane sealant (PU sealant)
Sealant is a material used to fill gaps (holes, seams, gaps, etc.). ), it has two major functions: bonding and sealing. Polyurethane sealant, silicone sealants and polysulfide sealant constitute three kinds of high-grade sealants at present.
Polyurethane sealant is widely used in civil construction, transportation and other industries;
Application in architecture-filling and sealing of doors, windows, glass, etc.
Application in civil engineering-joint sealing of expressways, bridges and airports.
Application in automobile-assembly and sealing of windows (mainly windshields).
Polyurethane sealant has many excellent characteristics, including: (1) wide adjustable range and strong adaptability; (2) Good wear resistance; (3) high mechanical strength; (4) Good adhesion; (5) Good elasticity and excellent resilience, which can be used for dynamic joints; (6) Good flexibility at low temperature; (7) Good weather resistance and long service life, 15~20 years; (8) Good oil resistance; (9) Anti-biological aging; (10) The price is moderate.