Market and technical analysis of polyimide
In 2007, the global annual consumption of polyimide (PI) was about 60,000 tons, and the United States, Japan, and Europe are the world's most important consumer markets for polyimide.
In 2007, the United States, Japan, Europe, polyimide consumption of about 18,000 tons, 16,000 tons and 0.7 million tons.
Experts predict that the world's need for polyimide will increase at a rate of 6% per year, by 2012 the total consumption will reach about 80,000 tons.
In 2007, the global polyimide (PI) annual consumption of about 60,000 tons, the United States, Europe, Japan is the world's leading consumer market of polyimide.
In 2007, the United States, Europe, Japan, polyimide consumption of about 18,000 tons, 16,000 tons and 0.7 million tons.
Experts predict that the world's need for polyimide will increase at a rate of 6% per year, by 2012 the total consumption will reach about 80,000 tons.
PI is one of the best overall performance of organic polymer materials, has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, nano, liquid crystal, separation membranes, lasers and other fields, countries are in the research, development and use of polyimide included in the 21st century one of the most promising engineering plastics.
Due to the characteristics of polyimide in the performance and synthetic chemistry, its application is also very wide, polyimide has including engineering plastics, fibers, films, advanced composites, foams, adhesives, separating film, liquid crystal display with the orientation of dozens of aligners.
At present, polyimide consumption in various countries and regions constitute different, the United States is the main consumption of plastics, accounting for about 80% of the consumption; Europe's main areas of consumption is the enameled wire lacquer, accounting for 70% of the consumption of 80%; Japan's main areas of consumption is the film and plastics, accounting for a total of about 95% of the consumption.
High-end fiber market potential
In the many types of special engineering plastics, due to the high temperature resistance of polyimide, tensile strength are better than similar products, so the price is relatively expensive.
But the performance requirements are not high in the field, if the use of PI instead of other materials, there are still some difficulties.
According to incomplete statistics, there are currently about 50 major manufacturers of polyimide in the world, the main manufacturers are the United States DuPont, Japan Mitsui Tohya and Japan UBE Corporation.
It is understood that the competition with polyimide fiber fiber varieties are: PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), glass fiber, Nomex (aramid).
Due to the different properties of the fibers, the application areas and the application environment are not the same, but from the related performance point of view PI fiber competitive advantage.
High-temperature filter media are mainly used in the environmental protection industry in the field of baghouse dust removal, mainly with the steel, metallurgy, cement, chemical industry, as well as electric power and waste incinerators, etc., and baghouse dust removal to replace the electric dust removal is the general trend.
With the increasing attention to environmental protection, *** and private capital investment in this field is growing, environmental protection industry has shown a rapid development trend.
Compared with 2008, 2009, high-temperature filtration materials increased significantly, especially the development of high-end products faster.
In 2008, China's total output of filter media in the low-end filter media accounted for about 40%, the mid-range filter media accounted for about 40%, high-end filter media accounted for about 20%, the future development of a huge space.
Film market will continue to grow at a high rate
In China's PI products, more than 90% is film.
As of 2009, the scale of Pl film reached about 4,700 tons/year, with more than 40 manufacturers and an annual output of 2,000~3,000 tons.
More than 90% of domestic enterprises use ordinary casting method, low-end products, mainly used in insulation materials and flexible copper-clad laminate (FCCL) two major areas.
At present, more than 90% of China's Pl films are used in the field of insulation materials, annual consumption of 2000~3000 tons, the application areas include locomotives, electric motors, nuclear power equipment insulation, high-temperature resistant wires and cables, speakers voice coil skeleton, electromagnetic wires, high-temperature resistant conductors, high temperature resistant pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes, insulating composites and so on, the quality of the PI film does not require high.
Flexible copper-clad laminates are widely used in the electronics industry, the automotive industry, the information industry and a variety of defense industries used in the flexible printed circuit board (FPC) of the main materials.
In this field, PI film is mainly used as an insulating base film, in addition to FPC high temperature tape.
The rapid growth in home appliances, 3G communications, information appliances and automotive electronics have been the driving force behind the development of the FCCL market.
However, more than 85% of the PI film used in the FCCL field in China relies on imports, with an annual import volume of 800-900 tons.
Domestic only bleaching Yang Huajing, Jiangyin Tianhua Technology, Wuxi Gao Tuo and Shandong Wanda Microelectronic Materials Company and other manufacturers can produce.
12.5nmPI biaxially oriented film in the field of electronics, for example, the highest offer of our enterprises is about 1500 yuan per kilogram, the general offer is only a few hundred dollars, while the United States, DuPont, Japan, Ube Kogyo company offers more than 3000 yuan.
In the field of insulation materials, domestic PI film prices are generally 10 to 30 yuan per kilogram, while the price of imported products in the 1800 ~ 3000 yuan.
With the rapid development of China's electronics industry, it is expected that in the next few years China's PI film market will grow rapidly at an average annual rate of more than 12%, in 2013, China's demand for PI film will reach about 5000 tons.
Insufficient capacity and high cost
Polyimide varieties, forms, in the synthesis of a variety of ways, so you can choose according to a variety of applications, this synthesis on the mutability is also difficult to have other polymer materials.
From the study of historical literature, the cost data is not transparent due to the limited disclosure of the details of polyimide in various countries.
From Shenzhen Hifuture related information can be seen, the raw material composition of polyimide is mainly dianhydride, diamine, isomerized dianhydride, dimethyl acetamide, deionized water and so on.
Among them, at present, the domestic production method of dianhydride, i.e., benzene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PMDA), mostly adopts homotetramethylbenzene with vanadium and titanium oxides as catalysts.
Although there are several domestic PMDA manufacturers, but the production capacity is less than 10,000 tons.
The market gap still needs to be imported, the production of uniform anhydride is mainly concentrated in DuPont, Hoechst and a few other large companies.
It is understood that the current domestic PMDA offer 52,000 ~ 56,000 yuan / ton ranging, and tons of polyimide raw materials for about 0.5 tons.
Diamine diphenyl ether diamine (also known as diaminodiphenyl ether, ODA), mainly used as raw materials and crosslinking agent for polyimide resins, polyamide resins, epoxy resins.
At present, the domestic production of ODA is not large, about 1,000 tons a year, the price is about 78,000 yuan / ton.
In addition, isomerized dianhydride includes isomerized BPJDA, isomerized ODPA, isomerized TDPA and so on.
And dimethylacetamide (DMAC) is a colorless and transparent flammable liquid, mainly used in heat-resistant synthetic fibers, plastic films, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and solvents for acrylonitrile spinning, and is currently quoted in the market at $10,800,000/ton.
According to the estimation of the above individual costs, the cost of tons of polyimide is about 80,000 yuan / ton.
Production of new technology success
Polyimide products can be used in automotive and aircraft engines, communications equipment, construction machinery, industrial machinery, commercial equipment, electrical and electronic appliances and microelectronics, analytical and medical equipment, as well as transmission and textile equipment and other fields.
Due to their high price, they still have a crowding out effect on some applications.
The new process developed by Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry for the synthesis of polyimide and products has changed the traditional synthesis of polyimide and opened up a new reaction pathway for the synthesis of polyimide with chlorinated phthalic anhydride.
After comprehensive calculations, the new process can make the production cost of polyimide reduced by more than 30%.
At present, the world's only U.S. General Electric (GE) company using nitro-phthalimide as raw material for the production of polyetherimide, its scale has reached 10,000 tons.
However, the production of nitro-phthalimide polyetherimide route there is a large amount of waste acid, the purification of the use of organic solvents, difficult to synthesize polyimide by the direct method, the by-product is the production of sodium nitrite reaction is not favorable and pollute the environment, and there is the production of biphenyl dianhydride and other shortcomings.
And the use of chlorinated phthalic anhydride route, these shortcomings can be overcome, so it can be considered that the chlorinated phthalic anhydride route is currently the world's most advanced and most economical route to produce polyimide.
Definition of polyimide
Polyimide is an aromatic heterocyclic polymer compound with an imide group in its molecular structure, known as Polyimide (PI for short), which can be divided into four categories: homophenylene-type PI, soluble PI, polyamide-imide (PAI) and polyetherimide (PEI).
PI is one of the best overall performance of organic polymer materials, high temperature resistance of 400 ℃ or more, long-term use of the temperature range of -200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃, no obvious melting point, with high insulation properties.
In addition, PI as a special engineering materials, has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, nano, liquid crystal, separation membranes, lasers and other fields, countries are in the research, development and utilization of polyimide included in the 21st century one of the most promising engineering plastics.
Polyimide performance
Polyimide resin has excellent overall performance, it has corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, impact resistance, low density, low noise, long service life and so on.
Types of polyimide
Due to the characteristics of polyimide in the performance and synthetic chemistry, its application is also very wide, the form of polyimide is also up to dozens of kinds of people.
But we will analyze five forms: engineering plastics, fibers, films, advanced composites, and foams.
Other forms include foams, adhesives, separator films, and orientation aligners for liquid crystal displays.
Main Products
Engineering Plastics: Engineering plastics are divided into two categories: thermoplastic and thermoset resins.
Thermoplastic polyimide materials, due to its non-melting nature, affects the wide application of such high-performance materials.
And thermoset engineering plastics melt excellent molding properties and high performance in one.
Among them, polyimide special engineering plastics have a high glass transition temperature (243 ℃) and melting point (334 ℃), the loaded thermal deformation temperature of up to 316 ℃, can be used for a long time at 250 ℃; PI resin is not only heat-resistant than other high-temperature resistant plastics, but also has a high strength, high modulus, high fracture toughness and excellent dimensional stability.
Fibers: Polyimide fibers, also known as aramid fibers, are divided into two categories: ordinary heat-resistant and high-strength.
The former is used as filter material for high temperature media, main cable sheaths, firefighting suits and so on.
The mechanical properties of the latter can reach the level of carbon fiber, is an advanced composite material reinforcing agent, can also be used for bulletproof undershirts and other protective shield armor.
At present, used to manufacture high-temperature filtration materials are widely used and urgent.
Among them, the domestic market is widely used in the bag type dust removal device of the core key - high temperature filter media, commonly used is the bottom end of the PPS fiber, high-end polyimide fibers are all imported.
Film: the United States in 1961, DuPont first produced PI film, the world's PI film production technology is currently concentrated in three major producers: the United States, DuPont, Japan, UBE and Japan Zhong Yuan chemical.
Advanced composite materials: polyimide composites are currently the most high-temperature resistant resin-based composite materials, mainly used in aerospace and other applications.
Foam: Polyimide foam is one of the most thermally stable foams in polymers, with a long-term resistance to temperatures of 250°C to 300°C and a short-term resistance to temperatures of 400°C to 500°C. The polyimide foam has been used in a variety of applications, including aerospace, aeronautics, and aerospace.
Since its successful development in the 1970s, there has been nearly 40 years of development.
Polyimide foam can be divided into two categories according to the structure of thermosetting polyimide foam, thermoplastic polyimide foam.
From a global perspective, mastery of the core technology of polyimide and industrialization of the manufacturer only Austria Evonic company, and the company's use of dianhydride and diamine synthesis of polyimide process compared to Evonic lower cost, the exclusivity of the technology, insufficient competition in the market, the integration of the degree of scarcity created by the company.