, civil construction requirements
From the geographic location of the radiology department was built away from the wards and the concentration of people, and outpatient buildings connected to the first floor
or one end of the first floor. Frame construction or plain solid brick walls. Solid wall thickness
23cm
or
37cm
, concrete
wall thickness
≥20cm
. In the case of multi-story buildings, the floor slab is filled with concrete and has a certain load-bearing capacity. Because large machines
are heavy and vibrate due to frequent movements, some large machines require a floor slab with a load-bearing capacity of
1000kg
m2
(e.g., the weight of a large
X
line machine that includes an image intensifier is usually an average of
800-800 kg per square meter
.
800-1000kg
or more, or even
1200kg
or more)
2
Water, electricity and other requirements
Water is indispensable to radiology
especially in the dark room, where the water has to be utilized to develop the film (except for the dry film)
so
it should be ensured that water is available for use in the radiology room, so
There is a need to ensure that water is available for use in the dark room, so
There is no need for water. p>
Should ensure that the water up and down,
But the other rooms generally do not need running water.
Of course,
With the popularity of digitalization,
more and more hospital radiology departments have been digitized,
so the traditional darkroom shuffling has been gradually discarded
.
Electricity is the driving force behind all radiology machines
X
The X
ray machine is a high-powered piece of precision equipment,
and the power supply has a direct impact on the performance of the machine.
The X-ray machine is a high-powered piece of precision equipment, and the power supply has a direct impact on the performance of the machine.
X
The requirements for power supply of the X
wire machine include
:
Capacity of the power supply,
Internal resistance,
Frequency,
Voltage, etc.
The power supply can be used to supply power to the X
Wire machine, which is a high-power precision equipment.
Power supply capacity:
X
The capacity of the power supply required for the wire machine is specified in the
X
Wire machine installation instructions. The total
power supply capacity required for the Radiology Department is calculated based on the number of machines designed to be installed and the power supply capacity required for each
X
wire machine. When installing a single
X
line machine, it is sufficient to follow the installation instructions
When installing multiple machines, the power supply can usually be selected as
1/3
of the sum of the actual capacity required by each machine
, since it is unlikely that multiple machines will be exposed at the same instant.
Power supply internal resistance:
X
The line machine is an instantaneous high-power load, and the power supply current is very high during photography. Large-scale
X
line machines can
reach several hundred amperes of current, so the power supply internal resistance to the power supply voltage has a great impact on the
X
line machine
normal operation or even cause damage to the machine circuit components. The internal resistance of the power supply is an important technical
X
threading machine design
parameter, each
X
threading machine according to the size of the machine capacity of the internal resistance of the power supply. In our country, the specification of
X
threading machine series products
requires that the internal resistance of power supply is
0.3Ω
when using
380V
supply voltage
25kW
high-voltage equipment
50kW
0.15Ω
0.15Ω. p>
0.15Ω
at 100kW
0.1Ω
. The internal resistance of the power supply is the sum of the internal resistance of the power transformer and the internal resistance of the power supply conductors
(the internal resistance of the transformer and the resistance of the insulated conductors can be found in the electrician's manual)
. When the transformer is selected after the power supply internal resistance
Resistance is mainly power conductor resistance, which depends on the material, length, cross-sectional area of the power cord, so should be as far as possible
To make the radiology department's workplace and the transformer room closer to the room or to increase the cross-sectional area of the power cord conductor.
Power supply voltage,
frequency,
phase:
Generally
X
wireline machines have a clear requirement for the power supply voltage
(
220V
or
380V
)
and the range of fluctuation of the voltage
-15%
-
+10%
China's power supply frequency is
50Hz
Domestic
X
threading machines are all designed according to
50Hz
,
foreign
X
Some of the line machines are designed according to
60Hz
,
but it has internal circuits that can be adjusted to
50Hz
circuits,
the power supply frequency requirement
±
0.5Hz
. The phase of the power supply should be relatively stable, and the direction of rotation of the
X
threader three-phase drive ma
da also changes when the phase is changed.
Ground: In order to ensure the safety of staff and patients,
X
Wire machine should be well grounded. The meaning of grounding is
twofold
:
Working ground and protective ground. Work grounding is the circuit work needs to be grounded, such as high-voltage secondary center
heart grounding. Protective grounding is the
X
Wire machine non-electrified metal shell or metal component shell and grounding device for
connection,
once the insulation is damaged or breakdown leakage is connected to the earth,
the role of safety protection.
Earth wire with
≥4mm
2
multi-stranded copper wire and ground electrode welded firmly into one. The grounding electrode is generally made of copper plate with an area
>0.25m
2
, thickness
degree
>3mm
. Buried in the building
3m
outside the ground
1.5m
ground groove, around the charcoal
and salt, to ensure that the ground electrode around the wet. When the tap water pipe is used as the ground line (small
X
line machine)
, use a wide
3cm
thick
1mm
copper skin fastened to the tap water pipe. Our regulations
X
The grounding resistance value of the wire machine should be
<4Ω
Lightning protection:
Nowadays, most of the equipment use integrated circuits and microcomputer control,
the requirements for external power supply are strict.
When the lightning generation
caused by the external circuit power change,
a large impact current into the equipment is being used on,
can be integrated
into the circuit caused by destructive damage and irreparable failure of the electronic components.
So not only should be installed in the housing construction
Lightning protection device, the conditions of the place should also be installed in the machine power distribution box on the lightning protection device to prevent lightning strikes.
3
, housing requirements
General requirements:
Layout should be reasonable,
To be arranged according to the use of the room,
To be conducive to the order of the work and improve the efficiency of the work of the
rate,
convenience to the patient,
favorable
X
line machine installation and maintenance and at the same time pay attention to the protection.
The room should be dry,
dustproof,
rodent-proof
with air conditioning or heating. The power distribution box and threading holes are reserved in suitable locations.
Size of space in the machine room: should be to ensure the safety and convenience of work as a prerequisite. According to the national protection standards
:
The equipment room should
have enough area for use, and for new equipment rooms, the general installation
100mA
under
X
wireline machines
≥24
m2,
200mA
over
On can
≥36
m2, multi-bulb tube
X
line room area can be expanded as appropriate
Height of the room due to the different structure of the machine to
demand varies, generally in
2.5
~
3.5m
between.
Other structures in the machine room: China's "Medical Diagnostic
X
Line Protection Facility Standards" stipulates that
:
Machine room doors and windows must be set up in a reasonable manner,
also the same should be suitable for the thickness of the protection of the lead equivalent,
so that the examined person to get the appropriate protection.
The machine room should be
well ventilated,
installing a fresh air supply system or an air exchange device.
The observation windows in the operation room and machine room of the compartment have sufficient
lead glass with sufficient lead equivalent.
4
, public protection requirements
Radiology workplace and other departments,
not only the difference between the installation of machines,
there is also an important difference
different from the
X
ray radiation emitted by the machine. This concerns the
health of staff, patients and people in the surrounding external environment. Therefore,
X
line machine room design should put protection in the first place. According to China's "Medical Diagnostic
X
Radio
line Machine Health Protection Standards"
the walls in the machine room toward which the radiation beams are directed should have
2mm
lead-equivalent thickness of protection
(main
protection)
the other side walls and canopies
( multi-story buildings)
should have
1mm
lead-equivalent protection thickness
(secondary protection)
The walls of the fluoroscopy room all have
1mm
lead-equivalent protection thickness. Take ordinary brick wall as an example, generally
24cm
thick
solid brick wall as long as the mortar is full and leaves no gaps can reach
2mm
lead equivalent, hollow bricks or brick joints mortar is not
full can not reach
2mm
lead equivalent.
In addition to wall protection,
doors and windows,
vents,
threading holes,
transmission boxes,
observation windows and so on.
5
,Requirements for the surrounding environment
Because
X
line ionized air is harmful to the human body,
Regulations on the Safety and Protection of Radioisotopes and Radiation Devices
Article 34 stipulates that:
Places where radiation devices are used
should be equipped with a clearly visible radiological device in accordance with the relevant state regulations. The relevant provisions of the State shall set up obvious radioactive
signs,
(The meaning of the warning sign is to draw attention to possible dangers. Its background is yellow, the positive three
angular border and the ionizing radiation sign graphics are black,
"
Beware of Ionizing Radiation
"
in bold black iso-linear letters.
Positive
The outer edge of the triangle
a1=0.034L
, and the inner edge
a2=0.700a1
L
are the observation distances) Its entrance should be equipped with safety and protective facilities as well as necessary protection in accordance with the requirements of the relevant national
standards of safety and protection. Safety interlocks,
alarm devices or work signals. Avoid all non-staff to stay around the machine room