1. Escort: Escort means that before a project enters the bidding procedure, the tendering unit has determined the intended unit, and then the intended unit will contact relevant units to participate in the bidding according to the requirements of the bidding procedure, so as to ensure that the intended unit can achieve the purpose of winning the bid. Accompanying the bid is an illegal act, which violates the principles of fairness, justice and openness in bidding.
2. Cross-tendering: Cross-tendering refers to the act of collusion between tenderers and bidders or between bidders by improper means, crowding out competitors or harming the interests of bidders. Cross-bidding is a serious illegal act, which undermines the fairness and justice of the bidding market.
3. Biding: Biding, also known as collusive bidding, refers to the means and behavior that several bidders agree to raise or lower the bid price, and make a stakeholder win the bid by restricting competition and crowding out other bidders, so as to seek benefits. Bidding is an illegal act, which violates the principle of fairness, justice and openness in bidding.