The thesis report includes four aspects: review, key technology, feasibility analysis and time schedule. Because the opening report is the general idea of the thesis embodied in words, so the length does not have to be too large, but the planned research topic, how to study, the theory applies to the main issues such as write clearly. The opening report is generally a table format, it is to report on each of the contents of the conversion into the corresponding columns, so that it is easy to fill in the opening report according to the columns to avoid omissions; but also to facilitate the reviewer at a glance, to grasp the main points. The opening report of the general description of the part should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the current research situation of related topics, theories applicable, research methods. The contents of the opening report are as follows: the name of the topic, the undertaking unit, the person in charge of the topic, the starting and ending dates, and the outline of the enrollment. The outline includes: (1) the purpose and significance of the topic, the overview of domestic and international research, and the main views and conclusions of the relevant literature; (2) the object of the study, the content of the study, the relevant indicators, and the main research methods (including whether or not experimental research has been carried out); (3) the approximate progress of the arrangement; (4) the status of the preparatory work and the current conditions (including personnel, instruments, equipment, etc.); (5) the main equipment and equipment still need to be added; and (6) the main equipment and equipment to be added, and the main equipment and equipment to be added. (5) the main equipment and instruments to be added (purpose, name, specifications, model, quantity, price, etc.); (6) the estimated budget; (7) the expected results of the study; (8) the undertaking unit and the main collaborating units, and the division of labor, and so on. Peer review, focusing on the basis of selection, significance and technical feasibility to make a judgment. That is, from science and technology itself to provide the necessary basis for decision-making.
Edit the format of the opening report (general)
Overview
Since the opening report is the general idea of the paper embodied in words, and therefore do not have to be too large in length, but to plan the research topic, how to study, the theory of the application of the main issues such as to make it clear that it should contain two parts: a general description, outline.
General
The general description of the opening report should be the first part of the selected topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the selected topic, the current research on related topics, theories applicable to the research methodology, necessary data and so on.
Outline
The outline of the paper contained in the opening report may be roughly organized, a basic framework for a research idea. It can be in the form of a full sentence or paragraph outline. At the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to make clear the basic framework of the paper, and there is no need for it to be as detailed as the paper's table of contents.
References
The opening report should include a bibliography of relevant references
Requirements
The opening report should have a cover page, and the total number of pages should be not less than four. The layout format should conform to the following.
Edit Examples of Thesis Opening Report
Student: I. Significance of the Selected Topic 1. Theoretical Significance 2. Realistic Significance II. Overview of the Thesis 1. Origin and Evolutionary Process of the Theory 2. Overview of Relevant Overseas Studies 3. Review of Domestic Studies 4. My Evaluation of the Above Overview III. --- III. 1, 2, 3, Conclusion IV. Thesis Writing Progress Arrangement Outline of the Thesis Opening Report I. Cover of the Thesis Report: Thesis Title, Department, Major, Grade, Name, Supervisor II. Purpose and Significance and Overview of Domestic and International Research III. Paragraph opening report writing method
How to choose the problem
I have been haunted by a question that my supervisor, Prof. Xue Lan, repeatedly asked me during the more than one year of writing the opening report of my doctoral dissertation, "What is your puzzle?" How many times I answered without thinking, "My question is why China's semiconductor industry cannot develop." Mr. Xue, with his characteristic subtlety, smiled but did not answer. In my mind, I was both annoyed and frustrated: such a simple truth, such an obvious answer, where in the end is wrong? The secret lies in the "level" of the question. Unlike policy research reports, academic articles focus on the theoretical level, to solve theoretical problems. Theory is a logical system constructed from a series of presuppositions and terms. Theories in specific fields have their own specific concepts, categories and research paradigms. Only under the same concepts, perspectives and paradigms can theories be dialogued; only through dialog can theories be developed. Very few master's and doctoral dissertations are creating new theories; it is certainly best to do so, but it is very difficult. Most of us build on existing theories, and therefore formulate our questions in terms that "insiders" understand and with clear logic. Examination of my initial question "why China's semiconductor industry is not developed", which is only an inquiry into the phenomenon, rather than a theoretical proposition to be proven. My theoretical proposition is: "Is China's industrial policy process an elite-driven *** intellectual process?" In this proposition, the terms "policy process," "elite politics," and "*** knowledge claims" outline the broad theoretical scope and perspective of the study. Secondly, the selection of issues is a process of "peeling off the shoots". Theoretical issues are always y hidden behind the complexity of reality, and the discovery of theoretical issues requires the ability to use theoretical thinking. Theoretical thinking training is a long-term accumulation process. However, beginners do not have to be deterred, generally can be divided into "three steps": the first step, first delineate a "scope of interest", such as the semiconductor industry, the information industry, rural health care, higher education system, etc., and browse through the relevant media reports, government documents and academic articles, to find the relevant media reports, government documents, and academic articles. The first step is to define a "scope of interest", such as semiconductor industry, information industry, rural healthcare, higher education system, etc., and widely browse relevant media reports, government literature and academic articles to find the "crux" or "hotspot". The second step is to summarize the theoretical perspectives from which previous researchers have analyzed the "problems" or "hotspots" and the theoretical tools they have used, such as the public finance perspective and the social conflict paradigm. The third step is to examine the researchability of the issue, that is, our own research space and the feasibility of research. For example, are Western theories unable to explain China's problems? Or can the same problem be explained by different theories? Or are there flaws in the premise assumptions and logical deduction of the theory itself? By answering these questions, we find the foothold of our research. But also pay attention to whether it is possible for our research to be completed within the stipulated one to two years? Is data acquisition feasible? And so on. Finally, how do you state the problem? Stating the problem is essentially the process of crystallizing the core ideas. Opinions should come from thinking about and summarizing real problems, not from "cutting the feet to fit the shoes" in order to apply theories. China's political, economic, and social development is full of dynamic and rich scenarios, so how can they be expressed with appropriate terminology and precise logic? Ambitious beginners often put forward grandiose concepts or frameworks, but my advice is to narrow the scope of the study as much as possible, clear research object, so as to clarify the internal logic of the object, to ensure that in the limited time to complete the specification of the academic paper. For example, "China's semiconductor industry policy research" is a very vague statement, we can shrink the topic from several aspects: (1) time: from 1980 to 2000; (2) object: the government's insurgents and decision-making behavior, rather than the market, business, governance structure, etc.; (3) perspective: politics and government theory of elite research; (4) the object of the study: the government's policy, rather than the market, business, governance structure, etc.; (5) the study of the semiconductor industry policy in China. (3) Perspective: elite studies in political and governmental theory; (4) Cases: Project 908, Project 909, Document 13, and Electronic Revitalization, which are two major projects and two important documents in the field of semiconductor policy that took place between 1980 and 2000. With such a clear definition, we focus our attention on the obvious concepts of "policy process", "elite", and "*** knowledge", and the problem will be solved. At the same time, the problem is clear, we in the screening of information and data will have a clear standard, in this "information redundancy" era, can greatly improve the efficiency of research.
How to do a Literature Review
First of all, we need to distinguish "Literature Review" from "Background Description". The first thing you need to do is to distinguish between a Literature Review and a Background Description. When we choose a research question, we need to understand the background and ins and outs of the question, such as "the development history of China's semiconductor industry", "foreign government policies and problems in the development of the semiconductor industry" and so on, which belong to the "Background Description". These contents belong to "background description", focusing on the reality of the level of the problem, strictly speaking, is not a "literature review". "Literature review" is the organization of academic views and theoretical approaches. Second, the literature review is critical (Review means "review"), so with the author's own critical thinking (critical thinking) to summarize and comment on the literature, rather than just a "pile" of academic research in related fields. "The main line of the review should follow the question. The main thread of the review should follow the question, i.e., how do other scholars view and address the question you have posed, and are there any flaws in their methods and theories? If other scholars have already solved the problem you raised perfectly, there is no need to repeat the research. With the meaning of literature review clear, now on to how to do a literature review. Granted, it is a responsible research attitude to gather as much information as possible as widely as possible, but a lack of standards can very easily lead one into a literature quagmire. Tip 1: Aim for the mainstream. Mainstream literature, such as the core journals in the field, classic works, research reports of specialized departments, and opinions and discussions of important compounds, is a "must" for a literature review. Most of the related reports or comments in the mass media, although more or less valuable, but time and energy constraints, can be simplified. How to find out the mainstream of the field? Suggestions from the following ways to start: First, the library of Chinese and foreign academic journals, find one or two "classic" articles, "follow the melon", pay attention to their references. Higher quality academic articles, usually does not ignore the mainstream of the field, the classic literature. Second, the use of school libraries, "China Periodicals Network", "foreign language periodical database search" and foreign language periodicals reading room, can find some of the earlier classic literature. Third, the National Library, some of the social science books published in the 1970s and 1980s or even earlier, school libraries often do not have a collection, but the National Library has a lot of books (all books published in China must be sent to the National Library), not only that, the National Library also collects a lot of foreign language books on China's politics and government, which can be easily queried from the Internet. Tip 2: Organize at any time, e.g., classify the literature, record information about the literature and the location of the collection. It takes a long time to do a doctoral dissertation, and some of the literature you have read may not be useful at the time, but you can't find it when you think about it afterwards, so it is necessary to keep records sometimes. For example, Mr. Luo has accumulated a list of books on China's policy process, and he has also recorded the classification numbers and locations of the books in his collection. At the same time, for particularly important literature, it is worthwhile to make a reading note, excerpting the important points and discussions therein. In this way, one step at a time, when you really start to write the paper, you will have accumulated a large number of "dry goods", which can be enjoyed at any time. Tip 3: Organize the literature review according to the question. After reading some of the literature, we have a strong desire to state all the things we have seen, like "pouring beans out of a bamboo tube", sprawling, spectacular. As if to prove to the reader that they have labored hard. I have written more than 100,000 words of the literature review, and later found that the real meaning of only a few thousand words. Literature review is like a jungle in the literature to open up the road, the road was to point to the problem we want to solve, of course, is the shortest straight-line distance, the most economical, but along the way the scenery is quite a lot of people obsessed with the scenery will tend to meandering jungle, the opposite of the "chaos of flowers", "winding paths through the jungle". The "winding path" do not know where to end up. Therefore, in doing a literature review, the mind should always be clear: I want to solve what problem, how people solve the problem, said there is no reason, on the line.
How to write the opening report
The problem is clear, literature review has been done, the opening report will be called out. It is also true that a clear question often already implies the basic conclusions of the paper; comments on the shortcomings of the existing literature basically imply the direction of improvement. The opening statement is to present these implied conclusions, the logical reasoning that justifies them, clearly. The purpose of writing the opening report is to ask teachers and experts to help us judge: whether this problem has research value, whether this research method is likely to work, and whether there are any obvious flaws in the logic of this argument. Therefore, the main content of the opening report, in accordance with the "purpose and significance of the study", "literature review and theoretical space", "the basic arguments and research methods", "Data collection methods and working steps". Among them, the "basic arguments and research methods" is the focus, many people tend to spend a lot of ink on the literature review, but when it comes to their own research methods, but only a few words, a sweeping. In this case, how can the reviewer judge your research prospects? And how can you give practical guidance and advice on your research methods? For different topics, research methods vary greatly. A rigorous and standardized academic research must be supported by rigorous and standardized methods. In the daily teaching of doctoral programs, some teachers are committed to teaching research methods; others highlight the discussion of methodology. This is all conducive to each of us to improve our knowledge, understanding, selection and application of research methods, and to implement them concretely in our dissertation work. Opening Report (Form of Form) Subject Name: Name: Year: Class: Form of Results: Completion Time: Instructor: I. Purpose of the Study and Its Significance II. (in tabular form) Subject: Subject title: Mentor: Subject team members: Team leader: Team: Brief background description (how the subject came up): Purpose and significance of the subject: Activity plan: 1) Division of labor: Field survey: Internet: Check written information: Summary paper: Initiative: 2) Stage steps: Implementation in stages Stage time (weeks) Main tasks Stage goals 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 3) Plan to visit The experts: school teachers, etc.
Edit the basic writing of the opening report
Overview
The basic content of the opening report and its order: the purpose and significance of the dissertation; domestic and foreign research overview; the main problems to be solved by the dissertation research; the dissertation is to be written in the main contents of the dissertation (outline); dissertation plan progress; and other. The core content is "the main problems to be solved by the dissertation". You can start with this section and use it as a basis for the rest of the paper. Specific requirements are as follows:
Problems to be solved in the paper
Clearly state the specific academic problem to be solved in the paper, that is, the innovative point of the paper. Clearly state the ideas, conclusions, solutions, milestones, ...... that have already been presented in the domestic and international literature on this problem. Comment on the shortcomings of the research results of the above mentioned literature. Present the point of view or solution that your thesis intends to argue, briefly summarizing the preliminary justification. Your point of view or approach is the very core of what needs to be argued through the dissertation research writing, presenting and arguing it is the purpose and task of the dissertation, and thus is not conclusive, and may be disproved or inconclusive in the research. The purpose of an opening statement is to ask for expert help in determining whether the question you have posed is worthy of study, and whether the ideas and methods you intend to argue can be researched. Generally 3 or 4 questions are asked, which can be several sub-questions under one big question, or several parallel related questions.
State of the art
Only a brief review of the cutting-edge literature that is closely related to the problem that the paper is intended to address, and a review of other relevant literature in the literature review. Based on the "problem to be solved by the dissertation", part of the content is allowed to be repeated. 3. Purpose and significance of the dissertation Introduction to the basic concepts and background of the problem under study. Briefly identify the specific problem that the dissertation is intended to address. Briefly describe the academic advancement or usefulness of the solution to the problem. Based on the "problem to be solved by the dissertation", allowing for some repetition. 4. The main content of the dissertation Preliminary outline or structure of the entire dissertation. It is better understood that the "problem to be solved by the thesis" is not the main content of the thesis, but the purpose and core of the thesis. The current state of research at home and abroad to pay attention to the problem of one: content, the paper review is for their own research content and research program services, so the summary of the paper review should be combined with their own research content, do not summarize some of their own research content is not related to the part. Second: everyone's research problems are different, some people's subject belongs to the old or hot hot topics, this type of topic is generally more existing methods, so in the summary of the synthesis as much as possible to narrow the scope of their own, the surface is not too large, the point to be in place; some people choose the subject is relatively new topics, due to the current research is not much or just started, the method is not so mature! And there are not many, so you can consider a slightly wider surface when summarizing the review. In the summary of the literature often appear some key words or concepts, if everyone knows, do not wordy explanation; if not everyone knows the concept, it is best to attach some concise explanation. Third: thesis synthesis should never summarize the papers you have read one by one. At the same time, the summary of each paper should not be too long, a simple introduction to the content of the paper can be, the focus is to say a few words about the advantages and disadvantages of the methods in the literature that is, their own evaluation of the methods in the literature. If you want to focus on a particular article in the literature review, you can list some formulas, but be sure to explain the things in the formulas, do not just put it there and leave it. If the case is really not clear, you can add some diagrams or tables for illustration, but there can be no effect
The opening report should pay attention to the problem
One, the title should be accurate The title is the eyes of the article, to be bright and godly, is a high degree of generalization of the content of the paper, is the center of the whole paper's seminar, the title is to tell others what you are going to do or what problem to solve. Therefore, the dissertation title should pay attention to the following aspects: the title should be concise and complete expression of the intent of the article, but do not simply list the phenomenon or state the facts; the title of the article is not suitable for the use of the title of the brief; the title of the article should reflect the focus of the research, to present the object of the research and the problem to be solved (that is, the object of the research and the content of the research must be presented in the title); the title of the dissertation should be novel, simple, and the words should preferably be more than 20 words. The title of the paper should be novel, concise, and the word count should be no more than 20 words, and if it is really necessary for the research, the main and sub-title should be used; Second, the framework should be complete The main part of the framework of the open report contains the following contents: 1. the reason for the selection of the topic 2. the review of the literature 3. the theoretical basis of the research 4. the main content of the research 5. the purpose and significance of the research 6. the research idea and methodology 7. the steps of the research 8. the outline of the dissertation Third, the main body should be perfect (1) The cause of the topic is to say that the cause of the topic is to say, the research object and the problem to be solved. Reason for choosing the topic The reason for choosing the topic is to say clearly why we choose this study. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the overall quality of our researchers as well as a comprehensive examination of the researchers in this field of cooperative research more practical; secondly, the selection of the topic of our future work and study as well as the follow-up study of what representative, typical, novelty; thirdly, the selection of the topic of the times and the realization of the significance of the background of the background; (B) Literature review In the process of writing the dissertation, literature is the theoretical foundation and practical support of our article. In the process of dissertation writing, literature is the theoretical foundation and practical support of our articles, and it has certain value both in theory and practice. It is very easy to make two mistakes in our literature review, one is just to summarize and conclude in a high level, and finish it in a few words; the other is to list all the articles and books one by one. The purpose of the literature review is to help us clarify our thoughts, see how previous research, what aspects of the research results; literature review is the basis of our existing research. For the combing of the literature review we can not be sloppy or scribbling to complete, the literature query must be combined with the key words of the paper, a large number of literature for the point of view of the refining, and in the summarization of the thinking of their own research highlights. (C) conceptual definition conceptual definition is to define the key words of the paper under the operational definition, drawing on the previous experience and experience in their own field of study to put forward their own new ideas, in particular, to explain the actual meaning of the concepts related to their own research. Such as teaching on the research paper in which it must be clear that the subject teaching, classroom teaching, simply refers to the teacher's teaching of students, teachers teach and students learn, etc., we must be clearly defined according to the needs of the content of the paper. (d) Theoretical basis of the research The theoretical basis of the research should be chosen based on the content of the research, we often say that the theoretical basis of philosophy, psychology, education, sociology and other disciplines of the authoritative views and theories of education and teaching. Research object: according to their own choice of topics, to determine the object of research, first of all, must be introduced to your research object from which areas; secondly, these research objects you are how to select; thirdly, your research object is mainly which age group, which level of education, etc.; fourthly, your research object of a *** how many people, men and women, how many, etc., but also according to the needs of the study of the object of the study of the classification. . Fourth, the content should be to point, pay attention to the choice of terminology. Research content is generally 2 to 3 points, of course, can be more, but if just a little is absolutely not enough. In the content of the research, first mention your research, and then provide some simple explanations of your research. This part is usually half a page to a page is basically also enough (their own views, just for reference). The research content is to be combined with the future graduation design. So when deciding the content of the research, pay attention to the workload and the content involved. First of all, the workload must be enough, and secondly, the surface involved should not be too scattered. Because in the later graduate thesis, one's research content is only two chapters, so one should make one's work relatively concentrated, which is more conducive to writing the thesis in the future. Terminology when writing about your research. The general options are: improve the method of..., propose the method of..... Never write: the method of realizing ..., the method of researching ...; When writing your own research content, it must be feasible and have a scientific basis, do not imagine out of thin air by yourself.
Research Methods
What we need to find out first is which are the scientific research methods in our scientific research, in the current primary and secondary school teaching and research, the more widely used is the literature method, the survey method, the experimental method, the action research method, the interview method, etc.; when we introduce our own dissertation methods, it is not an explanation of the concept of the method, but rather, how you use the research methods, such as Questionnaire method, you have to elaborate clearly whether your questionnaire is homemade? Or did you use a previous one? We use in the study, do not list a large number of research methods, the main distillation of one or two research methods, focusing on the study can be.
Research value and innovation
On this part, can not be empty and large or list many of us simply can not solve, such as a teacher said that his research is conducive to improving the quality of education in so-and-so area, etc., other people look at the word "improve" do not believe that the most is to "improve". At most, it is "improvement". The quality of education is not a scientific research can be improved, another research on local culture, whether it has a good generalization, yet to be proved; research innovation is relative to others in this area of research, others do not have, you summarize and refine the new highlights, but also the highlights of your article. The value of research and innovation should be based on their own this study, can not put their own irrelevant or their own simply can not solve the list up.
Research stage
Research stage mainly refers to our choice of topic from the stage of thinking to the maturity of the paper, this part of us must be refined, each stage of what to do, the purpose of a clear and should be presented with what kind of results; stage of the division of labor should be clear, in each stage of the specific who is responsible for who deal with the relevant matters; stage of the allocation of time should be reasonable, step-by-step, systematic implementation.
References
Format should be standardized, the order of the author of the paper, the paper title, publisher or journal name and with capital letters to indicate the type of publication, date of publication (if the bibliography should be written clearly page number); in addition, each part of the punctuation is prescribed, and font size is generally used in the small five. For the source channels are not the same article, to indicate the type of article,
Edit the contents of the opening report and writing requirements
The contents of the opening report generally include: the title, the thesis basis (the purpose and significance of the thesis topic, the status of research at home and abroad), the research program (the research objectives, the content of the research, research methodology, the process of the research, the key issues to be resolved and innovation), the analysis of conditions, and the research of the thesis, and the research of the thesis. Innovation points), conditions analysis (instrumentation, equipment, collaborative units and division of labor, staffing) and so on.
2.1
The thesis title - the thesis title is a high degree of summary of the central idea of the thesis, the requirements: ① accurate, standardized. To accurately summarize the research problem, reflecting the depth and breadth of the study, reflecting the nature of the study, reflecting the basic requirements of experimental research - dealing with factors, subjects and experimental effects. The use of words and sentences should be scientific and standardized. ② Concise. To be expressed in as few words as possible, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters.
2.2
The opening report - the basis of the thesis of the graduation design in the opening report to consider: ① The purpose and significance of the thesis topic, that is, to answer why the research, explain the value of the research and the need for background. Generally first talk about the need for reality - the existence of problems derived from the practical significance of the study, and then talk about the theoretical and academic value, the requirements of specific, objective, and targeted, focusing on the basis of data analysis, focusing on the times, the need for regional or unit development, avoid empty and meaningless slogans. ② the current state of domestic and foreign research, that is, literature review, to review the literature as a prerequisite, the literature reviewed should be relevant to the research problem, but not too limited. Nothing to do with the problem is dispersed; too limited and contrary to the principle of interdisciplinary cross-pollination, penetration, so that the narrow field of vision, thinking stifled. The so-called synthesis of the "synthesis" that is, synthesize, synthesize a certain discipline in a certain period of time in the field of research profile; "statement" is not more of a narrative, but a review and comment, that is, to have the author's own unique insights. To focus on analyzing the research, good at identifying problems, highlighting the location of the selected topic in the current research, advantages and breakthroughs; to abandon bias, do not cite the tutor and my point of view contrary to the views of an obvious mistake. The object of the review, in addition to the viewpoints, can also be materials and methods, etc.. In addition, the main references cited in the literature review should be recorded, on the one hand, can reflect the true basis of the author's thesis, on the other hand, it is also a respect for the creative labor of the original author.
2.3
The opening report - the graduation design research program should be considered in the opening report: ① The objectives of the research. Only a clear and focused goal can ensure a specific research direction, in order to eliminate the interference of various factors in the research process. ② The content of the research. According to the research objectives to determine the specific content of the study, the requirements of a comprehensive, detailed, thorough, generalized, vague, and even the purpose of the study, the significance of the study as the content, often make the research process is trapped in passive. ③ Research methodology. After the establishment of the topic, the most important thing is the method. If the cow, do not look at the object of the application of the method, the error will be inevitable, on the contrary, even if the subject has been studied, as long as to take a new perspective, the use of a new methodology, but also can often come up with innovative conclusions. ④ The process of research. The whole research should be organized in time and order, and should be carried out in phases, with clear stipulations on the starting and ending time of each phase, the corresponding research contents and results, and no interruption between phases, so as to ensure the continuity of the research process. ⑤ Key problems to be solved. There should be accurate and scientific estimation and judgment on the most important and fundamental key difficulties and problems that may be encountered, and feasible solutions and measures should be taken. ⑥ Points of innovation. To highlight the key points and the differences between the selected topic and other studies of the same kind.
2.4
The opening report - the analysis of the conditions of graduation design highlights the advantages of instrumentation and equipment and other material conditions. Clearly collaborative units and division of labor, the division of labor should be reasonable, clear their respective work and responsibilities, but at the same time pay attention to the close cooperation of all personnel. Advocating the establishment of tutor group, the selection of tutor group members should give full consideration to the actual needs of the subject research, and should be based on the complementary knowledge structure.