(a) Ultrasound, ultrasound has a long history and a lot of experience, especially for the diagnosis of breast cysts, the diagnostic rate of more than 90%, no radiation, can be repeatedly examined, the Chinese women's mammary glands are small and glandular dense, the elasticity index of the lumps and the determination of blood flow signals can be initially identified as benign and malignant, generally used for women's physical examination, it is the first choice for initial screening of the benign and malignant of lumps, and also used in the screening of breast cancer. It is the first choice for initial screening, and is also used for the initial examination of patients with breast pain and nipple fluid overflow, breast cancer patients to determine whether there is lymph node metastasis, breast cancer patients, breast cancer patients, breast prosthesis implantation patients, and sometimes in order to cooperate with the needle suction can be used for localization, but it is difficult to determine the nature of the small nodules and ultrasound depends on the level of the doctor's level of examination.
(2) Mammography. Mainly for breast cancer screening, generally used for more than 40 years old female breast gland fat content of patients with high physical examination, the breast lump with calcification benign and malignant identification, breast cancer patients review, clear breast cancer patients check whether there are multiple foci and the scope of the lumps, patients with breast overflow with catheterization with, due to the presence of radiation, generally no special reasons for the examination of only once a year, if the patient's mammary glands are more dense, small nodules may be missed. If the patient's breast gland is dense, small nodules may be missed.
(3) breast magnetic *** vibration examination. Magnetic *** vibration examination has a good contrast, can be three-dimensional observation, can show the edge of the breast lesions, location, signal strength, the scope of invasion, is currently the best way to diagnose breast cancer, but the breast magnetic *** vibration need breast-specific equipment, the examination cost is expensive, not many in Ningbo have this equipment, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital is currently one of the few units with this equipment.
(1) Breast cancer is a relatively good prognosis of the tumor, do not worry too much, but should receive regular treatment, the current international breast treatment guidelines are issued once a year, that is, as long as the breast disease specialist physician, the United States, Shanghai and Ningbo treatment program is the same. There is no need to go abroad or out of town for treatment.
(2) Breast cancer treatment methods, breast cancer is currently using surgery-based comprehensive treatment, talking about surgical treatment, radical mastectomy, surgical removal of the breast and pectoralis major muscle, pectoralis minor muscle, removal of axillary lymph nodes has been rarely used; modified radical mastectomy, without cutting the pectoral muscle, and other with the same as the radical mastectomy, the survival of radical mastectomy and basically the same, is currently commonly used. Simple mastectomy (used in elderly patients), breast cancer breast-conserving surgery, segmental mastectomy plus sentinel lymph node biopsy, now used more and more, after the operation can maintain a good shape, can enter the public **** bathroom to take a shower. In addition, if the tumor can not do breast-conserving surgery, can also be retained through the nipple areola complex plus reconstruction, or autologous tissue plus prosthesis reconstruction, there are many surgical methods, according to the specific circumstances of the case, in general, the shape of the early patients can be retained accounted for the majority. Breast cancer surgery should be treated for a period of time, most of them can survive for a longer period of time. Special reminder to breast cancer patients that if the body allows them to have a normal married life, this is very important for the stability of the patient's family and the patient's long term survival. In addition, breast cancer patients generally do not advocate eating high hormone content of food and health care products, but usually can be a normal diet.
Fifth,
The early age of menstruation is a risk factor for breast cancer; late menstrual break is also a risk factor for breast cancer; menstruation break at about 45 years of age is normal, and it is never a reason of poor health, and it is not advocated to use drugs to prolong menstrual period. 2, childbirth and breastfeeding
The reproductive factor that is most related to the risk of breast cancer incidence is the age of the first full-term birth, and the risk gradually increases with the delay of the age of the first birth. The risk increases gradually with the delay of the age of first birth. Early and frequent abortions are also risk factors for breast cancer. Infertility is also a risk factor for breast cancer, and an increase in the number of births may reduce the incidence of breast cancer. Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of breast cancer, and long breastfeeding time can reduce the incidence of breast cancer.3. Genetic Breast Cancer Genetic susceptibility is related to BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 gene mutation. The risk of breast cancer in first-degree relatives is 2-3 times higher than that in the general population.4. Benign breast diseases
Milk lobular epithelium with high hyperplasia or atypical hyperplasia may be related to the development of breast cancer.5. Hormones play a very important role in the development of breast cancer, and estriol is the metabolite of estrone and estradiol, which are directly related to the development of breast cancer. Estriol and progesterone are believed to play a protective role, while prolactin plays a promotional role in the development of cancer.6. Over-nutrition, obesity, high-fat diet can strengthen or prolong the stimulation of estrogen on breast epithelial cells, thus increasing the chance of breast cancer.7. Radiation High-dose radiation can cause breast cancer, and women aged 10-19 years old who are exposed to radiation are at the greatest risk of breast cancer, which is particularly sensitive to radiation. The breast is particularly sensitive to radiation during this period. Low-dose multiple exposure to radiation has a biocumulative effect, and radioactive carcinogenesis has a long latency period, generally more than 10 years. It is also persistent, lasting up to 30-40 years. It is generally recommended that each breast receive no more than 1RAD of radiation in a year, which is equivalent to the amount of X-rays in 2 mammograms.
(a) A high-fat diet will accelerate the development of children, early menarche and obesity is an important reason for the development of breast cancer, so the protection of the mammary glands from a young age, weight control and strengthen the exercise is a good way.
(ii) teenage girls are more sensitive to ionizing radiation than adult women, should try to avoid ionizing radiation, can occur decades after the initial exposure to breast cancer.
(iii) Smoking or excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of breast cancer, and excessive caffeine intake increases the risk of breast cancer, and a varied diet should be eaten to ensure that a variety of vitamins are consumed through food.
(4) Mental stress and anxiety can lead to endocrine disorders, due to the regulation of the rhythm of life, appropriate recreation, adequate sleep, and, if necessary, consult a psychiatrist to adjust.
(5) Having children at the right age and breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
(6) Adhere to self-breast massage (without essential oils and other cosmetics) and breast self-examination, the best time for breast examination is about one week after menstruation, and timely treatment of problems can reduce or early detection of breast cancer.
(7) Men also have breast cancer, although the incidence is not high, but our hospital will deal with a few cases of male breast cancer patients every year, because men are not vigilant, often found relatively late.