In the treatment of waste batteries, Switzerland has two factories specializing in the processing and use of old batteries, one of the factories to take the method is to grind the old batteries, and then sent to the furnace to heat, which can be extracted to volatile mercury, the temperature is higher when the zinc is also evaporated, manganese and iron fusion to become a steel required manganese-iron alloy. This factory can process 2,000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtaining 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from the batteries and sells the metal mixture of manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap.
Germany's Magdeburg suburbs built a "wet processing" device, where in addition to lead-acid batteries, all types of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then with the help of ionic resins from the solution to extract a variety of metals, raw materials obtained by this method than the thermal treatment method of purity, and therefore sold at a higher price on the market, and battery Batteries contain a variety of substances 95% can be extracted, but also eliminates the sorting process. The plant has an annual processing capacity of 7,500 tons.
Built in the mountains of Hokkaido, Japan's Nomura Kogyo Co., Ltd.'s main business is the treatment of waste batteries and waste fluorescent lamps. They buy from the country's waste batteries up to 13,000 tons per year, the collection of 93% of the way through the private environmental organizations to collect, 7% is through the collection of manufacturers. This business was started in 1985, and the amount of purification has been increasing. In the past, the main focus was on recovering the mercury contained in them, but now that batteries in Japan no longer contain mercury, the main focus is on recovering the iron casing and other metal raw materials from the batteries and developing and manufacturing secondary products, such as a product that can be used in the picture tubes of televisions.
In addition, some countries have developed some related policies. For example, the United States, Japan, waste batteries recycled and handed over to the enterprise to deal with every ton of government to give a certain amount of subsidies; South Korea's production of batteries manufacturers, every ton of production to pay a certain amount of deposit for the cost of the recycler, the processor, and the designation of special factories to deal with. There are other countries on the battery production enterprises to collect environmental management tax or waste battery treatment enterprises to reduce or waive taxes, etc..
Currently, the process of recycling and treatment of waste batteries is not yet mature, due to the battery contains a variety of elements but the amount of small, high cost of treatment, therefore, the establishment of treatment stations in various places is not possible, I know of the current relatively large-scale treatment plant built in Yixian, Hebei, which is jointly operated with a university in Beijing. All we can do at the moment is to try to centralize the used batteries (you can give them to your local environmental protection department) to avoid spreading them around and polluting the environment.
It's not quite the same everywhere.
, now Haikou City **** set up more than 200 waste battery recycling boxes, recycled batteries are centralized to the suburbs of the designated places for processing. Sanitation department with the help of this newspaper to inform the general public, such as you have collected a large number of waste batteries, do not arbitrarily dispose of, but also do not place long-term home or public **** place. If you want the sanitation department to dispose of waste batteries, you can dial 66221595.
Other countries:
Japan:
Nomura Kogyo Co., Ltd. in the mountainous region of Hokkaido, is mainly engaged in the disposal of primary waste batteries and waste fluorescent lamps, with a workforce of 110 people. The company was founded in this area because it was the first mercury mine discovered in Japan. Every year, Nomura collects 13,000 tons of waste batteries from all over the country, accounting for 20% of all waste batteries in the country, and collects 93% of them through private environmental organizations and 7% through manufacturers. This business was launched in 1985, and the amount of purification has been increasing. In the past, the main recovery of mercury, through high-temperature (600-700 ℃) incinerator burning mercury exhaust excluded from the collection, but now Japan's domestic batteries do not contain mercury, the main recovery of the battery's iron casing and the "black" raw materials, and the development and manufacture of secondary products, such as a product that can be utilized in the picture tube of the television set. The cost of disposal is 80 yen/kg, and the profitability of the production depends mainly on the fees collected before disposal of the used batteries (mainly by the manufacturer) and the value of the secondary products, the latter of which is the key. Recycling batteries need to take up a lot of space, Nomura Kogyo is a private enterprise, the Japanese government has not invested a penny in it, but the Japan Battery Industry Association provides great help, and Japan's major manufacturers to coordinate some of the financial compensation. Annual processing capacity of up to 16,000 tons. In addition to the extraction of waste fluorescent lamps in the mercury can be up to 40 tons a year, and the whole of Japan's annual demand is only 20 tons, in this regard, can be completely recycled, but also to ensure that it is profitable.
Other batteries such as lead-acid batteries, Japan can do 100% recycling, secondary batteries and cell phone batteries are also being actively developed through the cooperation of manufacturers, especially the recovery of lithium-ion batteries in the cobalt profit. Through the inspection, combined with the actual situation of our country, I think that at present, first of all, we should resolutely implement the nine ministries and commissions on the limitation of mercury content in batteries, as soon as possible to achieve mercury-free batteries in our country, the primary battery in the harmful components of the impact of mercury on the environment through the industry law enforcement, the manufacturer's efforts to minimize, and secondly through a variety of means of publicity to raise the awareness of environmental protection of the citizenry, the battery recycling and landfill, and the establishment of the waste battery recycling system. There is also the state to encourage the research of recycling technology in order to achieve the reuse of recycled resources as soon as possible. As for the issue of profit can be taken in a variety of ways such as sharing to consumers, the development of marketable products and so on.
Germany:
In order to strengthen the management of waste batteries, Germany has implemented a new waste battery recycling management regulations. The regulations require consumers to use up dry batteries, button batteries and other types of batteries sent to the store or waste recycling station for recycling, the store and waste recycling station must unconditionally accept waste batteries, and forwarded to the manufacturer for recycling treatment.
It is estimated that 32 billion used batteries are discarded every year worldwide, and only in Germany, an average of 10 batteries are consumed per person per year, totaling about 30,000 tons, a large number of discarded used batteries on the soil environment damage is serious. Germany's environmental sector for the new regulations can put an end to the phenomenon of throwing waste batteries, is not sure, because before this, waste recycling stations and manufacturers generally only recycling of cadmium-containing, mercury-containing batteries with toxic chemical compositions, and 90% of the ordinary zinc-carbon batteries and aluminum-magnesium batteries have been landfilled or incinerated as household garbage.
According to the German Ministry of the Environment statistics, Germany's annual recovery of nickel-cadmium batteries with toxicity only 1/3, while 2/3 of the batteries are disposed of as household garbage, the annual inflow of mercury into the environment of about 8 tons, nickel 400 tons, cadmium 400 tons. Generally speaking, it is difficult for ordinary consumers to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic batteries in their lives and dispose of them, so the new regulations require stores and recycling stations to take responsibility. A new idea from the Environment Ministry is to introduce a deposit system for toxic nickel-cadmium batteries and mercury-containing batteries, whereby consumers buy each battery with a deposit of 15 marks, which can be automatically deducted from the price when they exchange their old batteries.
The suburbs of Magdeburg are building a "wet processing" device, where all types of batteries, except lead batteries, are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then with the help of ionic resins from the solution to extract a variety of metals, this way the raw materials obtained in this way than the thermal treatment of the raw material is purer, and therefore more expensive on the market, and the batteries contained in a variety of substances can be extracted 95%. Wet treatment eliminates the need for sorting (which is a manual process that increases costs). The Magdeburg unit has a processing capacity of 7,500 tons per year, which is slightly more expensive than landfill methods, but valuable raw materials are not discarded and do not pollute the environment.
Germany's Alter developed the vacuum heat treatment method is also cheap, but this first need to sort out the waste batteries in the nickel-cadmium batteries, waste batteries heated in a vacuum, in which the mercury quickly evaporated, can be recycled, and then the remaining raw materials grinding, with magnets to extract metallic iron, and then from the remaining powder to extract nickel and manganese. This processing of one ton of waste batteries costs less than 1,500 marks.
Switzerland:
Two factories specializing in the processing and utilization of old batteries, the Barticle company takes the method of grinding the old batteries, and then sent to the furnace to heat, when it can be extracted volatile mercury, higher temperature zinc also evaporated, it is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused together to make a manganese-iron alloy for steelmaking. The plant can process 2,000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtaining 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from the batteries and sells a mixture of metals such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap.
However, the thermal treatment method is more expensive, and Switzerland also mandates a small fee per battery buyer dedicated to the processing of used batteries.
The United States:
A country with the most detailed legislation on environmental management of waste batteries has not only established a comprehensive waste battery recycling system, but also set up a number of waste battery treatment plants, and at the same time, persistently publicize and educate the public, so that the public consciously support and cooperate with the recycling of waste batteries.
The recovery of waste batteries is the first step of recycling, and reprocessing is the key to recycling. The waste batteries that have been recovered up to now are still lying in the warehouse, homeless.
The technology to deal with waste batteries is not a problem, developed countries already have ready-made technology, take over and use it. It is understood that the suburbs of Magdeburg, Germany, is building a "wet processing" device, where, in addition to lead batteries, all types of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then with the help of ionic resins from the solution to extract a variety of metals, raw materials obtained in this way than the heat treatment method is pure, and therefore sold at a higher price on the market, and batteries contain a variety of substances are extracted out of 95%. Wet treatment eliminates the need for sorting (which is a manual process that increases costs). With a capacity of up to 7,500 tons per year, the Magdeburg plant is slightly more expensive than landfills, but valuable raw materials are not thrown away and do not pollute the environment. This unit has a processing capacity of 7,500 tons per year.
Germany Alter developed the vacuum heat treatment method is also cheap, but this first need to sort out the waste batteries in the nickel-cadmium batteries, waste batteries heated in a vacuum, in which the mercury quickly evaporated, can be recycled, and then the remaining raw materials grinding, with magnets to extract metallic iron, and then from the remaining powder to extract nickel and manganese. This processing of a ton of waste batteries costs less than 1,500 marks.
Switzerland: there are two factories specializing in the processing and utilization of old batteries, Barticle company adopted the method of grinding old batteries, and then sent to the furnace heating, which can be extracted volatile mercury, higher temperatures when the zinc is also evaporated, and it is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused together to make a manganese-iron alloy for steelmaking. The plant can process 2,000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtaining 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from the batteries and sells a mixture of metals such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap. However, the thermal treatment method is more expensive, and Switzerland also provides for a small fee per battery buyer dedicated to the processing of waste batteries.
According to our understanding, some domestic research units and enterprises have also developed related technologies. The Hebei Donghua Xinxin Waste Battery Recycling and Treatment Plant, which utilizes the waste battery treatment technology of the University of Science and Technology Beijing, is under construction. Beijing Municipal Development and Planning Commission has also approved the use of European technology and equipment, the establishment of waste dry battery treatment plant. Xinxiang Battery Factory in Henan Province has already had scientific and technical personnel design a complete set of technology and production equipment for the recycling and reutilization of waste batteries. After two years of research, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, a successful trial of waste battery recycling resource regeneration and harmless treatment process, has passed the relevant experts and relevant departments to demonstrate.