Most of the garbage disposal methods still stay in the traditional stacking and landfill mode, covering tens of thousands of acres; Moreover, insects and flies fly around, sewage overflows and stinks, which seriously pollutes the environment. Therefore, classified collection of garbage can reduce the quantity and equipment of garbage disposal, reduce the disposal cost and reduce the consumption of land resources, which has social, economic and ecological benefits. ? The advantages of garbage sorting treatment are as follows:
1, reducing land occupation: some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, which makes the land seriously eroded. Garbage classification, removing recyclable and non-degradable substances, reducing the amount of garbage by more than 50%.
2. Reduce environmental pollution: waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to human body; Waste plastics in soil will lead to crop yield reduction; Waste plastics are eaten by animals by mistake, resulting in accidents of animal death. So recycling can reduce the harm. ?
3. Turning waste into treasure: China uses 4 billion plastic snack boxes and 500-700 million instant noodle bowls every year, and waste plastic accounts for 4-7% of domestic garbage. 1 ton of waste plastics can recover 600kg of diesel oil. Recycling 1500 tons of waste paper can avoid cutting down trees used to produce 1200 tons of paper. A ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks, and 20 tons of aluminum ore can be mined less. 30%-40% of the production waste can be recycled, so we should cherish this small-scale and large-scale resource. You can also use cans as pencil boxes, which is environmentally friendly and saves resources.
Domestic garbage can generally be divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting.
Recyclable garbage includes paper, metal, plastic, glass, etc. Through comprehensive treatment and recycling, pollution can be reduced and resources can be saved. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 0.85 tons of paper can be made and 0.3 tons of wood can be saved, which can reduce pollution by 74% compared with the same amount of production; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%. Kitchen waste includes food waste such as leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves. After in-situ composting by biotechnology, 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries containing mercury, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, ceramics, muck and other wastes that are difficult to recycle except the above-mentioned wastes. Incineration or sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
Question 2: What will happen to other garbage after sorting? The correct way is: sorting, packaging, sorting, transportation and sorting.
Recyclable materials are recycled to realize resource reuse;
Treating hazardous wastes by special methods;
After proper treatment and processing, kitchen waste can be transformed into new resources. Because of its high organic matter content, it can be used as fertilizer and feed after strict treatment, and it can also produce biogas as fuel or power generation. Part of the oil can be used to prepare biofuels.
Other wastes are generally treated by sanitary landfill and incineration.
At present, many cities have begun to classify, transport and treat garbage from the source.
Question 3: Give some suggestions on how to improve the garbage sorting treatment. In the classified collection and treatment of garbage, different types of garbage have different treatment methods, which are briefly described as follows:
1) kitchen waste can be dehydrated and dried, and the treated dry matter is transported to feed processing plants as raw materials. See appendix 1 for the equipment cost and operation cost of different treatment scales (large and small).
2) Collect, classify and reuse recyclable garbage.
3) Hazardous wastes shall be transported to the solid waste treatment center for centralized treatment.
4) Other unrecoverable garbage will be transported to landfill or incineration site for treatment.
All the garbage will be transported from the community to a nearby transfer station and then to several garbage disposal centers. Obviously, in 1) and 2), after treatment, recovery and utilization, economic benefits are generated, while 3) and 4) only consume treatment costs and do not generate economic benefits.
The purpose of this research project is to contribute to the process of garbage classification in Shenzhen. Therefore, please use mathematical modeling method to do some research on the realization of garbage classification in Nanshan District of Shenzhen. The specific research objectives are:
1) Assuming that the scale and location of the existing garbage transfer station remain unchanged, the distribution design of large and small equipment (kitchen waste) is given, and the specific scheme of cleaning the route under the current transportation equipment conditions is given. In order to achieve the best economic benefits and environmental protection effects.
2) Assuming that the transfer station is allowed to be redesigned, please redesign it according to the goal of question 1).
Just for the convenience of inquiry, in the webpage pointed out in Appendix 2 of the topic, the relevant materials of all communities in Nanshan District of Shenzhen are given, as well as the existing garbage disposal data and the location of transfer stations. Other required information will be solved by yourself.
Question 4: How to classify garbage? Five-point garbage classification is to classify garbage according to "recyclable" and "non-recyclable", and make it a resource again through classified transportation and recycling.
2. Reasons for garbage classification:
1) Economic aspect: Garbage classification can turn recyclable garbage into treasure and become a new resource that can be reused. For example, the cans we drink are recyclable garbage, and one ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks, which can save 20 tons of aluminum ore.
2) Land occupation: Garbage classification is conducive to reducing the consumption of land resources. Some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, which makes the land seriously eroded. Garbage sorting, removing recyclable and non-degradable substances, reducing the amount of garbage by more than 60%.
3) Environmental pollution: littering will cause insects and flies to fly around, and sewage will overflow with stench. Some garbage contains toxic substances such as heavy metals, which seriously pollutes the environment. Reasonable garbage sorting and collection can reduce the amount of garbage treatment. For example:
Waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to human beings, so recycling can reduce the harm.
3. How to classify garbage:
1) First of all, we should know what is recyclable and what is not.
Recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth. Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, various wrapping papers, etc. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water soluble to be recycled. Glass: mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles and so on. Metal objects: mainly including cans, cans, etc. Cloth: mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc. Kitchen waste includes food waste, such as leftovers, bones, roots, leaves and peels, which are composted in situ by biotechnology. Comprehensive treatment and recycling can reduce pollution and save resources.
2) Matters needing attention when throwing garbage:
(1) Before the garbage is classified and put in, the paper should be stacked neatly as far as possible to avoid rubbing;
(2) After the products in the containers are cleaned and put into use, they should be used up as much as possible;
(3) The kitchen waste should be bagged and sealed.
(4) Glass articles should be handled with care to avoid damage.
⑤ Pay attention to cover the trash can after it is put into use, so as to avoid garbage polluting the surrounding environment and breeding mosquitoes and flies.
Question 5: What can I do after garbage sorting? The general methods of garbage disposal can be summarized into three types: material utilization, energy utilization and landfill disposal.
Material utilization, also known as material recycling, refers to physical transformation, chemical transformation (including chemical modification and thermal transformation such as pyrolysis and gasification) and biological transformation (including microbial transformation, insect transformation and animal transformation). ) Reuse, recycle and recycle the material properties of garbage, including the recycling of traditional material resources and the transformation of perishable organic garbage into high-quality material resources.
Energy utilization, also known as energy recovery, refers to converting the internal energy of garbage into heat energy and electric energy, including incineration power generation, heating and cogeneration.
Landfill treatment refers to landfill treatment of useless garbage that cannot be recycled (including material utilization and energy utilization).
From the whole life cycle of garbage, garbage disposal should also include source reduction and emission control. Strictly speaking, reduction refers to source reduction. By changing product design habits, changing raw material purchasing habits, changing consumers' purchasing and consumption habits, and changing business models, we can reduce resource waste and waste generation in the process of production and life. Generally speaking,
Garbage disposal should adhere to the concept of classified and step-by-step utilization of emission reduction at the source, then material utilization, then energy utilization and finally landfill disposal, develop all aspects of garbage disposal in a balanced way, and give full play to the role of various garbage disposal methods, especially to strengthen the material utilization of classified garbage, reduce the amount of garbage generated and reduce the amount of garbage discharged after each level of treatment.
Question 6: The significance of garbage sorting is conducive to the recycling of resources, which meets the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, realizes the recycling and sustainable development of resources, and is conducive to the harmony of economy, society and bad environment.
The landlord needs to consider this aspect.
Question 7: How to do a good job in garbage classification must first understand garbage classification. If you don't know, you can't do it.
Know the correct name of garbage classification. Many people call recyclables recyclable garbage. Since it can be recycled, it's not garbage, is it?
With the above conditions, we can start from different kinds. (Recyclable, harmful waste, other garbage, kitchen garbage)
You can put some classified trash cans at home, start at home, fill them and then pour them into the unified trash can in the community (or other places). If you need money, this can be scrapped.
In fact, if you want to do a good job in garbage sorting, you must be conscious. If not, you can't do it well even if you work hard all your life.
I have some information about garbage classification. Please have a look:
1. Recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth. Waste paper: mainly includes newspapers, periodicals, books, various wrapping papers, office paper, advertising paper, cartons and so on. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water soluble to be recycled. Plastics: mainly include all kinds of plastic bags, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles, toothpaste skins, etc. Glass: mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles and so on. Metal objects: mainly including cans, cans, etc. Cloth: mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc. Recyclable materials can be recycled through comprehensive treatment, reducing pollution and saving resources. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution is reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%. 2. Kitchen waste, including food waste such as leftovers, bones, roots, leaves and peels, can be composted in situ by biotechnology, and 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton. 3. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment. 4. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, muck, toilet waste paper, paper towels and other wastes that are difficult to recycle. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air. Or: 4. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, muck, toilet waste paper, paper towels and other wastes that are difficult to recycle except the above-mentioned types of garbage. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
Most of the garbage disposal methods still stay in the traditional stacking and landfill mode, covering tens of thousands of acres; Moreover, insects and flies fly around, sewage overflows and stinks, which seriously pollutes the environment. Therefore, classified collection of garbage can reduce the quantity and equipment of garbage disposal, reduce the disposal cost and reduce the consumption of land resources, which has social, economic and ecological benefits. The advantages of garbage sorting treatment are as follows: 1, reducing land occupation: some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, which makes the land seriously eroded. Garbage classification, removing recyclable and non-degradable substances, reducing the amount of garbage by more than 50%. (12) Reduce environmental pollution: Waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to human body; Waste plastics in soil will lead to crop yield reduction; Waste plastics are eaten by animals by mistake, resulting in accidents of animal death. So recycling can reduce the harm. 3. Turning waste into treasure: China uses 4 billion plastic snack boxes and 500-700 million instant noodle bowls every year, and waste plastic accounts for 4-7% of domestic garbage. 1 ton of waste plastics can recover 600kg of diesel oil. Recycling 1500 tons of waste paper can avoid cutting down trees used to produce 1200 tons of paper. A ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks, and 20 tons of aluminum ore can be mined less. 30%-40% of the production waste can be recycled, so we should cherish this small-scale and large-scale resource. You can also use cans as pencil boxes, which is environmentally friendly and saves resources.
Japanese garbage classification Foreigners who first came to Japan will be deeply impressed by its amazing garbage classification. At first glance, Japan's garbage classification has the following characteristics. First, fine classification and timely recovery. The largest category is combustible, nonflammable, resource, rough and harmful, and it is subdivided into several subprojects, each of which can be subdivided into grandson projects, and so on. Combustible: In short, it is combustible-but ... >>
Question 8: How to classify garbage? Garbage classification is the necessary way of resource utilization and the premise and guarantee of harmless treatment.
Garbage classification has been carried out for many years, and it is still popular to distinguish between "recyclable" and "non-recyclable", "dry garbage" and "wet garbage" and "toxic harmful waste". Because of the little effect, it boils down to the people's lack of consciousness and the low quality of China people. In fact, this is a prejudice. The root cause of the problem is that the purpose, principles and methods of garbage classification by the competent authorities are very vague and ambiguous, lacking interfaces and unclear ideas, resulting in lack of operability.
The purpose of garbage classification is to realize the recycling and harmlessness of treatment. The principle of classification is: the requirements of subsequent processing are classified as subsequent processing services. The classification method is: the post-processing method determines the classification category, and different processing methods have different classification requirements. Classification is useless without the above principles. This paper puts forward the following requirements and views on the classification of incineration: firstly, there should be no precursor substances that can produce dioxins, heavy metal elements and mercury in garbage, including pesticides, drugs, pesticides, herbicides, preservatives and solvents, dry batteries, electronic components, fluorescent lamps, mercury thermometers and some chemical raw materials in building decoration products. These substances have a certain form, which requires people to open them separately and collect them separately. Mixing is strictly prohibited. According to the current incineration technology, almost all other domestic wastes can be mixed, collected, transported and incinerated. Even if there is no complete process route and complex incinerator, it can be predicted that the emission of secondary pollutants will be reduced, and even zero emissions can be achieved. This is the function of garbage sorting.
Question 9: Why should garbage be classified? Why should garbage be classified?
Each of us throws a lot of rubbish every day. Do you know where all this rubbish has gone? They are usually sent to landfills and then to landfills.
The cost of landfill is high, and the cost of treating one ton of garbage is about RMB from 200 yuan to 300 yuan. The daily garbage output in Beijing alone is10.2 million tons. At present, there are more than 700 garbage dumps with an area of more than 36 square meters in the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing, with an area of more than 5 million square meters, increasing at a rate of 3-5% every year. People consume a lot of resources, mass production and consumption, resulting in a lot of waste.
The reason for the increase of garbage is the improvement of people's living standards and the increase of various consumption. According to statistics, 1979, the national urban garbage removal capacity was more than 25 million tons, and 1. 16 tons in 1996, four times that of 1979.
How much land does it take to turn such a large amount of garbage into a landfill? Asuwei Landfill, which covers an area of 60 hectares and has a daily handling capacity of 2,000 tons, can only handle one-sixth of the garbage in Beijing, and 1 1 year will be full. The abandoned landfill is no longer cultivated land, and the living quarters cannot be built.
At present, another garbage disposal method widely used in western countries is incineration. Although the garbage burned at high temperature will not occupy a lot of land, it not only has high cost, but also increases the risk of secondary pollution. Dioxin, a highly toxic carcinogen that makes people talk about color change, is one of the main gas components produced after garbage incineration.
In addition, both landfill and incineration are a waste of resources. We constantly turn the limited earth resources into garbage, bury or burn them. Where will our descendants live?
Can't we do something about the garbage? In fact, there is a way, and this is garbage sorting. Garbage classification is to put garbage into the source, and make it become a resource again through sorting, cleaning and recycling.
The benefits of garbage sorting are obvious. After sorting, the garbage is sent to the factory instead of landfill, which not only saves land, but also avoids the pollution caused by landfill or incineration, and can also turn waste into treasure.
Garbage sorting is no stranger to thrifty people in China. Perhaps you still remember the scene of waste recycling in the 1950s and 1960s: toothpaste peels were kept for recycling, orange peels were used for pharmacy, and biological wastes were used for composting, waste cloth ends, ink bottles and so on. All these can be recycled, which not only avoids the pollution of garbage, but also provides raw materials for industry and agriculture.
In the United States, which is known as a big country of garbage production, garbage classification has gradually penetrated into citizens' lives. Walking on the street, you can see all kinds of colorful classified trash cans everywhere.
* * * provides various convenient conditions for garbage sorting. In addition to setting up classified garbage bins on both sides of the street, each community regularly sends special personnel to clear and transport the classified garbage of each household.
Residents also expressed great support for the garbage sorting work of * *. This is not only reflected in their familiarity with garbage classification knowledge; Moreover, the garbage sorting payment here is as natural as drinking clean tap water.
As an industry, garbage recycling has developed rapidly. In many developed countries, recycling industry plays an increasingly important role in the national industrial structure. Take Baltimore, Washington and Richmond as examples. In the past, it cost $40 to recycle 1 ton of garbage. After sorting, these recycled garbage created 5 100 jobs in 1995. In the United States, these three cities are only a small area, and their garbage recycling not only saves the cost of garbage disposal, but also creates a wealth of 500 million US dollars.
Garbage sorting is not only a fashion in developed countries like the United States, but also a trend in many developing countries. In Brazil, many communities carry out garbage sorting, and the mayor regards the sorting trash can at the main entrance of the city hall as the glory of the city. In more than 20 beaches nearby, sorting garbage bins is more like a beautiful landscape.
In some areas of the Philippines, villagers spontaneously organized themselves to clean their living environment, and garbage sorting was the main content of this movement.
Regardless of poor countries or rich countries, garbage sorting is becoming a worldwide trend. However, China, once a world leader in this field, almost lost this good tradition.
Others learned to pick up from us, but we learned to throw from others. When our life becomes better, we will no longer be stingy with what we get by selling garbage ... >>
Question 10: How do you think we should sort garbage? Judging from the classification methods of municipal solid waste at home and abroad, it is generally classified according to the composition and output of garbage, combined with the resource utilization and treatment methods of local garbage. For example, Germany is generally divided into paper, glass, metal, plastic and so on. Australia, generally divided into
Garbage, recyclable garbage, non-recyclable garbage; Japan is generally divided into combustible garbage, nonflammable garbage, and so on.
At present, domestic garbage in China can be roughly divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and landfill.
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1. Recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth. Waste paper: mainly includes newspapers, periodicals, books, various wrapping papers, office paper, advertising paper, cartons and so on. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water soluble to be recycled. Plastics: mainly include all kinds of plastic bags, plastic packaging materials, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles, etc. Glass: mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles and so on. Metal objects: mainly include cans, cans, toothpaste skins, etc. Cloth: mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc.
Comprehensive treatment and recycling can reduce pollution and save resources. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution is reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.
2. Kitchen waste includes food waste such as leftovers, bones, roots and leaves, which are treated locally by biotechnology.
, can produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer per ton.
3. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment.
4. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, waste residue, toilet waste paper and other wastes that are difficult to recycle. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.