Isolation prevention aims at preventing or minimizing the spread of infectious diseases, and it is an important protective measure to cut off the spread of exogenous infections and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.
First, the isolation of infection sources, including the isolation of infected patients, pathogen carriers and the surrounding polluted environment; The second is protective isolation, that is, the isolation of people with low immune function and high risk and susceptibility.
Basic principles of isolating the source of infection:
1. Infectious patients are strictly separated from ordinary patients.
2. Infected patients and uninfected patients are placed in different areas/rooms.
3. Infected patients and highly susceptible patients are placed separately.
Patients infected by the same pathogen can live in the same room.
5. Suspected patients with special infection (including suspected infectious patients) should be isolated in a single room.
Standard precautions:
1. Hand washing: When it may be contaminated after contact with blood, body fluids, excreta and secretions, wash your hands after taking off gloves or use quick hand disinfectant.
2. Gloves: gloves should be worn when contacting blood, body fluids, excreta, secretions and damaged skin mucosa; Gloves can prevent the possibility that medical staff will transmit the flora on their hands to patients; Gloves can prevent medical personnel from becoming a medium of infection with microorganisms, that is, prevent medical personnel from spreading pathogens contaminated from patients or the environment among people. Always change gloves between two patients; Gloves can't replace hand washing.
3. Masks, goggles and masks: Wearing masks and goggles can also reduce the splashing of infectious substances such as body fluids, blood and secretions of patients on the eyes, mouth and nasal mucosa of medical staff.
4. isolation gown: It is only used when passing through isolation gown, so as to prevent it from being polluted by infectious blood, secretions, exudates, splashing water and a large number of infectious substances. Wash your hands immediately after taking off isolation gown to avoid polluting other patients and the environment.
5. Disposal of contaminated instruments and medical equipment. Reusable medical supplies and medical instruments should be disinfected or sterilized in time when they are used for the next patient.
6. When resuscitation is needed in the emergency place, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration is replaced by simple airbag.
7. Medical wastes shall be treated harmlessly in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Medical wastes shall be strictly classified, and sharps shall be placed in sharps boxes to prevent needle stick injuries.
8. Disinfection and sterilization of environment and object surface. Regularly clean the hospital environment and the surface of articles, and disinfect them at any time in case of pollution.