Packaging terms mainly include packaging methods, packaging materials, packaging contents, text description of packaging and the burden of packaging costs. In practice, nothing can be ignored, especially the packaging materials, packaging methods and written descriptions of packaging, which often cause disputes, claims and even the termination of contracts in international trade. In fact, as long as the packaging is strictly in accordance with the contract and international practice, these can be avoided.
1, packing method
(1) case. All high-value and fragile goods are usually packed in boxes. Boxes can be divided into wooden boxes, plywood boxes and calcium plastic box, which can be used for goods with different characteristics. In order to solve the problem of wood resources and facilitate the disposal of waste packaging materials, cartons tend to replace wooden boxes at present, and some valuable commodities still use metal boxes. Boxes are generally lined with moisture-proof paper or plastic film, sometimes with zinc foil or tin foil; The outside of the box is usually wrapped with packing iron or plastic tape.
(2) packaging. Goods that can be compacted and the quality is not damaged can be bagged. The common packaging material is cotton or linen, and it can also be packed by machine. The package should be wrapped in iron or tied tightly with plastic tape.
(3) drums; Barrel). Liquid, semi-liquid and powdery articles can be barreled. Buckets are made of similar materials as boxes, including wood, plywood, cardboard, iron sheet, plastic and so on.
(4) package. Some agricultural products and chemical raw materials are often packaged. This bag is usually made of cotton and hemp. Sometimes paper and plastic materials are also used. In order to strengthen the firmness of packaging, paper-plastic composite, multi-layer plastic composite and woven bag are often used.
(5) container. Now many goods can be transported directly in containers, such as machinery and equipment.
In addition, there are baskets, cans, cans and other packaging methods
2. Packaging materials
Packaging materials refer to raw materials used to make commodity packaging, including both materials used to make transportation packaging and materials used to make sales packaging.
According to materials, packaging can be divided into paper packaging, metal packaging, wood packaging, glass packaging and ceramic packaging. Different goods and different transportation conditions require different packaging. When choosing packaging materials, we should not only make them meet the usual requirements of goods, but also consider the special requirements of importing countries for packaging materials. For example, the United States stipulates that in order to prevent the spread of pests and diseases, it is forbidden to use straw as packaging material. If it is found by the customs, it must be destroyed on the spot and pay all the expenses incurred. These aspects should be fully considered when concluding the terms, and the materials stipulated in the contract should be used for packaging.
3, the content of the package
The contents of the package refer to the quantity of goods contained in each package. If there are quantity collocation, color collocation and size collocation, it must also be indicated in the packaging terms.
4. Text description of the package
Usually, shipping packaging and sales packaging will have written instructions. The text description includes the contents of marks, numbers and other languages and the language used.
As long as the agreed signs, such as marks and numbers, indicative signs and warning signs, are used, the signs and numbers will be used on the outer packaging.
For sales packaging, the requirements of text description are higher. The content should conform to the regulations, and the language should not be used wrongly. For example, in terms of text content, the Japanese government stipulates that all drugs sold to Japan must specify the ingredients, taking methods and functions, otherwise the customs will have the right to detain them and cannot import them; In terms of language requirements, many countries have special regulations. For example, the Canadian government stipulates that the description of imported goods must be in English and French; The packing list and commercial invoice of products shipped to France must be in French.
5, the burden of packaging costs
Make clear who will pay for the special packaging expenses required by the buyer. General transportation and packaging costs are included in the price of the goods. If the buyer requires special packaging, the extra packaging costs shall be borne by the buyer. If there is no clear agreement in the contract, it is easy to cause disputes. In import contracts, especially for goods with high packaging technology, the packaging terms must specify who will bear the expenses.