In the world, robotics technology as a strategic high technology, whether to promote national defense and military, intelligent manufacturing equipment, resource development, or the development of the future service robotics industry, the United States, Japan, Europe and other countries attach great importance.
Service robotics is one of the most active areas of cutting-edge high technology research today. According to the definition of the international robotics authority, service robots are a large class of semi-autonomous or fully autonomous work robots in addition to those engaged in industrial production. It not only focuses on perception, decision-making and implementation of high technology to complete the service work beneficial to human beings, and is expected to cultivate new strategic emerging industries, but also has a strong technical radiation and drive to promote the development of intelligent manufacturing equipment, improve the ability to deal with emergencies in emergency situations, the development of medical rehabilitation equipment, and to enhance the strength of the military and national defense are of great practical significance. 1. Technology
In the world, countries around the world have breakthroughs in service robotics technology, the development of service robotics industry in the country's scientific and technological development of an important strategic position. With the development of information networks, sensors, intelligent control, bionic materials and other high-tech, as well as electromechanical engineering and biomedical engineering cross-fertilization, so that the development of service robotics technology presents three major trends: First, the service robot from a simple mechatronics equipment, to the development of bio-mechatronics and intelligence, etc.; the second is a single operation of service robots to service robots group communication, remote learning and network services and other aspects of development. Learning and network services and other aspects of the development; Third, the service robot from the development of a single complex system, to its core technology, core modules embedded in advanced manufacturing and other related equipment development.
Focusing on the basic scientific issues of effective operation, interaction safety, and environmental cognition of service robots, the key technologies to be tackled are mainly concentrated in bionic materials and design and manufacturing, environmental awareness and intelligent cognition, human-robot interaction and safety control, as well as industrialization of the development of standardization, modularity, interoperability, interface protocols, etc.
The development of service robots has been a major challenge in the past few years.
In the National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), it is clearly pointed out that service robotics as a future priority for the development of strategic high technology, and put forward "focusing on the application needs of service robotics, research on the design methodology, manufacturing process, intelligent control and application system integration, etc. **** the basic technology ".
2. Industry
Service robotics field of all kinds of popular products continue to emerge. The popular products of special operation robots mainly include: extreme operation robots, anti-terrorism and riot control robots, emergency rescue robots, reconnaissance robots, combat robots, and battlefield transportation robots, etc.; the popular products of medical rehabilitation robots mainly include: minimally invasive surgical robots, vascular intervention robots, limb rehabilitation robots, cochlear implants, and intelligent prosthetics, etc.; the popular products of home services and edutainment robots The popular products of domestic service and edutainment robots are: cleaning robots, edutainment robots, information service robots and so on. China's service robots are also emerging. China has initially formed a series of products such as underwater autonomous robots, firefighting robots, search and rescue/explosive robots, humanoid robots, medical robots, robotic nursing beds and intelligent wheelchairs, cooking robots, etc., which show certain market prospects.
The global market for service robots is expanding rapidly. According to the latest foreign authoritative forecasts, the global market size of personal/household robots will increase from 8.7 million units in 2009 to 11.4 million units in 2010-2013; the output value of service robots will increase from about 17.1 billion U.S. dollars in 2010 to 51.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2025. At the same time, China's potentially huge market urgently needs to be developed. At this stage, China has an important demand for service robots in response to earthquakes, floods and extreme weather, as well as mining accidents, fires, social security and other public **** security events. At the same time, the trend of population aging is accelerating, as of the end of 2009, the elderly population over 60 years old has reached 167 million, and it is expected that by 2015, this number will reach 200 million; the disabled population is huge, the total number of disabled people in 2006 was 82.96 million, accounting for 6.34% of the population, and there are families with disabled people **** more than 70 million households, involving 260 million family members. In addition, the strong demand for medical care and education, these factors will make China is expected to form the world's largest service robot market. At present, the development of China's service robotics field there are still many gaps and deficiencies, mainly in the following areas:
1. Independent research and development capabilities lag behind the world's advanced level. In the frontier technology and key technologies, most of our country belongs to tracking research, the lack of creative ideas and original results; in the integration technology, although our country can realize the integration of prototype prototypes, but in the key components and reliability with foreign countries 5-10 years difference; in the design and manufacturing technology, our country's product design, materials and process technology, system integration level and foreign countries there is a big gap.
2. The phenomenon of disconnection between industry, academia and research is more serious. China's service robotics research is mainly concentrated in colleges and universities and a few research institutes, the enterprise new product design and manufacturing innovation capacity is limited, the phenomenon of disconnect between industry, academia and research is more serious.
3. The construction of the innovation system is still in its infancy. China's service robotics in the strategic planning, R & D platform, personnel training, standardization, market cultivation, international cooperation, fiscal and financial policy support and many other aspects of the construction of the innovation system is lagging behind, is still in the initial stage. At present, the service robot as a high-end technology integration platform, not only in its own product applications, but also in the technology reserves and diffusion play an important role in improving China's mechanical equipment and automatic control field of the overall level of technology, improve the public **** affairs, people's life quality of service is of great strategic significance. In the face of the current development status and trends, for the development of China's service robot deficiencies, "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the national economy and social development of China's service robotics industry development has also put forward new requirements.
1. Urgently need to overcome a number of core key technologies
At present, a number of core key technologies can not be broken through, becoming one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of China's service robots. Especially in the robot mechanics, dynamics, environmental adaptation technology research, in the driver, motor, reducer and other key components of the development, China urgently need to break through a number of key core technologies. Only breakthroughs in these technologies, service robots can be more easily adapted to the human living environment, can better serve and assist human life and work, and more accurately carry out rescue and disaster relief, field exploration and other tasks.
2. Urgently need to form a number of key areas of the core products
At present, in the field of public **** security, medical rehabilitation, etc., there is an urgent need to develop a number of advanced robotic equipment, in order to improve the service capacity. In the field of public **** security, for example, serious fires, mining accidents, earthquakes, floods, chemical hazardous materials leakage, food safety, power supply safety and other public **** security incidents, posing a major threat to social stability and economic development. At present, there is an urgent need to develop firefighting, coal mining, earthquake, electric power, nuclear industry and other industries can replace the rescue personnel into dangerous environments, for long periods of time, close to the disposal of the operation of the professional emergency rescue and safety services robot equipment, effectively reduce casualties, improve the effectiveness of rescue and meet the urgent needs of the industry development. At the same time, the formation of related products industry standards or test specifications, and ultimately in the relevant industries to realize the application of mounted demonstration, and in related disasters and accidents put into practice application.
3. Urgently promote the development of service robotics industry
Developed countries are vigorously developing the service robotics industry, and the service robotics industry as the new century as one of the important engines to stimulate national economic growth. In China, with the development of the national economy and society, for the service of public **** security incident handling, service to the people's medical health, service to the aging society rehabilitation needs and other aspects of the requirements are also increasingly strong. It can be foreseen that service robots, as a strategic emerging industry, will usher in a new huge development space.
4. Urgently need to improve the service platform and standard system
China's service robotics research is still in its infancy, and there are many shortcomings in the construction of service platforms and standard systems. In order to adapt to the future trend of large-scale development of service robots, reduce the threshold for enterprises to participate in the development of service robots, promote the dynamic development of service robotics industry, and compete in the future market competition, China urgently needs to improve the development of service robots and service platform construction, and urgently need to gradually build a standard system with independent intellectual property rights.