1st Armored Division Combat Capabilities
In terms of strategic mobility, the 1st Armored Division, with the exception of the division's advance elements and division aviation brigade, which can be rapidly delivered via Military Airlift Command C-5A transports and C-14 or 141B transports, the rest of the division's heavy equipment (348 heavy tanks, 316 infantry and cavalry combat vehicles, 308 full-tracked armored personnel carriers, 72 155-mm self-propelled howitzers, nine 12-barrel 227-mm multiple rocket launchers, etc.) had to be delivered by sea or overland transportation from forward deployment areas to crisis areas. In order for the division to become combat effective as quickly as possible, all of the division's personnel are usually airlifted to the theater of operations, and theater prepositioning and sea prepositioning transports are activated. In the Gulf War, the division used the strategic maneuver of airlifting personnel and seaborne transport of equipment, and it took nearly two months to complete the maneuver from the forward deployment area to the Gulf theater. In terms of tactical mobility, the division has more than 5,700 combat vehicles and delivery vehicles, 121 helicopters of various types, with strong ground and air tactical mobility, ground mobility speed of 30 kilometers per hour during the day, 25 kilometers per hour at night. It takes about 2 hours for the whole division to finish picking up enemy transportation. Under non-combat conditions, the maneuver distance can reach 500 kilometers a day and night, and under combat conditions can maneuver 150 to 200 kilometers a day and night. All 216 of the division's M2 infantry fighting vehicles and 100 M3 cavalry fighting vehicles, as well as 308 Mll3 armored personnel carriers, have amphibious mobility and are capable of maneuvering over water obstacles. Two attack helicopter battalions of the division's aviation brigade have a maneuver radius of 230 kilometers. The division's air assault company is equipped with 15 UH-60 helicopters, which can maneuver an infantry company in the air at a time, with an air maneuver speed of up to 200 kilometers per hour, and even when flying at ground-skimming altitude (7 to 30 meters), up to 150 kilometers per hour, which is three to four times faster than the maneuver speed of its tanks and mechanized forces, and can be used with the division to conduct company-sized air assault operations and airborne operations.
PIE FIRE POWER
(l) Suppressive Fire: The division is organized into three 155mm self-propelled howitzer battalions (72 guns) and one multi-barrel rocket company (9 guns), which can provide the division with both nuclear and non-nuclear artillery fire support under various meteorological and terrain conditions. The division's three howitzer battalions are capable of firing 288 rounds per minute using a centralized firing method. They are effective in suppressing and destroying enemy infantry and armored targets and artillery batteries up to a depth of 30 kilometers. The suppression effectiveness of each 12-barrel rocket of the multiple rocket company is equivalent to that of 24 155-mm howitzers of a field artillery battalion, with a destructive range of 35 kilometers, and is capable of providing the division with instantaneous and intensive suppressive fire over a large area.1 rocket launcher firing 12 rockets at a time can suppress a 120,000-square-meter area, which is equal to the suppression effect of 96 155-mm howitzer rounds. Moreover, the division's artillery is fully tracked and self-propelled, highly mobile, and able to quickly move firing positions, thus enabling it to conduct fire attacks on enemy targets at greater depths. The 1st Armored Division also has 66 107mm mortars, which can deliver 1,188 rounds per minute of suppressive damage to enemy targets within 0.8 to 6.8 kilometers. The divisional artillery tactical command system, with a computing speed of 8 million commands per second, can handle 720 fire missions per hour, and the Paladin 155-mm self-propelled artillery gun, which has been in service with the division since 1994, is equipped with a ballistic computer and an automatic position-to-aim system, with a reaction time of less than 60 seconds for inter-march fire. The 44 attack helicopters of the division's aviation brigade can also be used to suppress enemy ground forces with aerial artillery fire (49,000 rounds of 30- and 20-millimetre artillery shells***) and rockets (3,040) when required.
(2) Anti-tank Fire: Anti-tank fire within the 1st Armored Division formation consists of two parts. First, air anti-tank fire. The 1st Armored Division has 36 AH-64 attack helicopters and 8 AH-1 attack helicopters. Airborne "prison fire" type anti-tank missile hit accuracy of 96%, can effectively attack the enemy tanks within 7 kilometers distance. According to the U.S. military experiments and Gulf War practice, an AH-64 attack helicopter can attack 16 tanks. According to the viewpoint of the U.S. Army "to concentrate the attack helicopters of the divisional aviation brigade", the attack helicopter battalion adopts the concentrated attack mode, which can effectively attack the enemy armored group at a depth of 100 kilometers. When the battalion conducts successive attacks (one company attacks, a second company replenishes ammunition and fuel in front, and a third company goes on the way to the attack to maintain the continuity of the attack), it can attack 384 armored targets at a time, and, after deducting the battle damage factor, it can destroy 268 armored targets at a time at a 70% probability of destruction. In addition, the division's formation of 24 UH-60A "Black Hawk" multi-purpose helicopters, each of which can also mount 16 "Jailfire" anti-tank missiles, also has a strong anti-tank capability, the situation requires can also be used for anti-tank. Second, ground anti-tank firepower. The 1st Armored Division's ground anti-tank firepower mainly consists of machine infantry battalions, tank battalions and artillery brigade anti-tank firepower. The four mechanized infantry battalions of the 1st Armoured Division are equipped with 144 Javelin anti-tank missile launchers and 316 Bradley vehicle-mounted TOW anti-tank missile launchers. They have the capacity to fire 1,380 anti-tank missiles per minute. Both types of anti-tank missiles have adopted the "fire and forget" guidance technology, with high hit accuracy and high armor-breaking power (the maximum armor-breaking thickness on the front side of the TOW anti-tank missile reaches 1,030 mm). According to the 70% probability of destruction, with the ability to destroy 966 armored targets at a time. 348 M1A1 main battle tanks of 6 tank battalions have a strong anti-tank capability, 348 120mm tank guns use poor shaft armor-piercing shells, which can effectively destroy the enemy's armored targets within a range of 3 kilometers. The 155mm self-propelled howitzers of the division's artillery brigade can fire "Copperbottom Snake" laser-guided artillery shells, which can accurately attack enemy tank clusters within a range of 16 kilometers using end-of-trajectory guidance technology. Divisional multiple-launch rocket company "Saddam", remote sensing anti-loading sub-munitions once shot, within 35 kilometers can be cast 648 warheads to attack armored targets.
Intelligence and electronic warfare capabilities
1) intelligence reconnaissance capabilities. The 1st Armored Division's primary intelligence and electronic warfare (EW) forces are the formed military intelligence battalion (Collection and Jamming Company, Intelligence and Surveillance Company, and Electronic Warfare Company) and the Air Cavalry Squadron (2 Air Cavalry Units). The main intelligence and electronic warfare equipment is 12 OH-58 reconnaissance helicopters, 3 UH-60A specialized electronic warfare helicopters, and 12 ground reconnaissance radars and more than 30 pieces (sets) of electronic warfare equipment. The division's military intelligence battalion, using long-distance technical reconnaissance means and a drop-in remote sensing reconnaissance system, can conduct direct reconnaissance and surveillance of the enemy within a range of 100 kilometers and can send out long-range ground reconnaissance to a depth of 300 to 400 kilometers. The division can send 250 to 270 reconnaissance units in attack and 170 to 180 in defense. The electronic equipment of the division's air cavalry reconnaissance squadrons is primarily helicopter-based, with wide frequency bands, long ranges, and high accuracy. 12 OH-58D light attack and reconnaissance helicopters are capable of independently attempting longitudinal reconnaissance missions, allowing for rapid aerial reconnaissance and the identification and localization of enemy deployments and C3I installations throughout the division's operational territory and territory of interest (i.e., extending 150 kilometers forward from the B forward line). . The division has a ground radio technical reconnaissance range of 500 kilometers and a helicopter air reconnaissance range of 150 kilometers. The helicopters are equipped with millimeter-wave radar, low-light television, infrared forward-looking radar, laser detection systems, and optical photo reconnaissance devices that can search for targets day and night, providing the division with uninterrupted airborne reconnaissance, surveillance, and target-search capabilities and utilizing the airborne target exchange system, the joint tactical intelligence distribution system equipped to the division facility, the single-channel ground and airborne data classified communications system equipped to battalions and companies, and the location reporting The 44 OH-58D observation helicopters of the divisional aviation brigade are capable of communicating with UH-60A and AH-64 helicopters and Air Force F-16 and A-10 attack aircraft and artillery tactical fire systems utilizing the on-board target exchange system to report on real-time target conditions. The AN/TPQ-36 counter-artillery radar with the Target Search Company under the division's artillery can detect enemy mortars up to 12 kilometers and howitzer or rocket positions up to 24 kilometers.
(2) Electronic Warfare Capabilities. The 1st Armored Division compiles three specialized electronic warfare helicopters (EH-60) and more than 30 pieces of electronic warfare equipment of various types, which are capable of providing the division with VHF interception and jamming capabilities, and can carry out attack jamming throughout the division's operational depth. On the offensive, the division's electronic jamming capability can reach: 30 kilometers on the ground; 40 kilometers in the air; regular surveillance of 40-50 radio networks, 15 radars. 1 hour to detect and locate 60-80 short-wave radio coordinates, 24-30 ground radar coordinates; jamming suppression of 30 radio networks, 10-15 radars. Effective suppression of the enemy first echelon regiment's command and communication networks and electronic transmitters. The division also has a strong capability for hard destruction of electronic equipment. The reconnaissance helicopters and attack helicopters of the division's cavalry squadrons are organized in a ratio of 12:8, and have a strong physical destruction capability combining target-detection and precision-guidance technologies.
Sung communications capability
The division has a divisional communications battalion (command combat company, forward communications company, and communications support combat company) capable of providing the division with a multiplexed tactical satellite communications terminal service and a multiplexed network of radio communications systems and mobile subscriber equipment capable of covering the entire divisional and Army operational territory (37,500 square kilometers). It provides classified communications of data, imagery, and voice to approximately 8,100 users in the division and safeguards the division's command, control, intelligence, fire support, and combat service support. The Division Communications Battalion can provide the division with six FM radio stations to expand the division's operational activities and intelligence network, and can provide limited motorcycle communications between division headquarters and division subordinate commands.
Be careful of air defense capabilities
The 1st Armored Division has a strong air defense capability in three areas: First, the division's air defense artillery battalion is equipped with 36 Avenger self-propelled anti-aircraft missile systems, which can be launched on the move, with an omnidirectional attack and a "fire and forget" capability, and the division's air defense artillery battalion is equipped with 36 Avenger self-propelled anti-aircraft missile systems, which can be launched on the move, with an omnidirectional attack and "fire and forget" capability. "Together with the 24 improved Vulcan anti-aircraft guns of the Divisional Air Defense Battalion (with a rate of fire of 3,000 rounds per minute and an automatic target search and recognition time of less than two seconds), and with the cooperation of the Divisional Forward Geographical Alert Radar and the OH-58D reconnaissance helicopters of the Divisional Cavalry Squadron, the Divisional Air Defense Battalion is able to effectively attack low altitude (1.5 km) targets within the Divisional operational area. It can effectively strike at low altitude (1.2-3.8 kilometers) against incoming enemy aircraft within the division's geographical area and cover the air safety of the division's main combat formation. Secondly, the 36 Apache attack helicopters and 24 Blackhawk multi-purpose helicopters of the division's aviation brigade can mount four to eight Stinger air-to-air missiles, which have a certain air defense and self-defense capability. Self-defense capability. Third, the division's six tank battalions of 348 M1A1 main battle tanks, **** equipped with 696 anti-aircraft machine guns, with a certain degree of low-altitude incoming enemy aircraft and helicopters defense capabilities.
Choice of Defense Capabilities
The division's defense company is organized with a nuclear, biological, and chemical detachment and four decontamination platoons and a smoke screen platoon capable of completing the division's nuclear, biological, and chemical reconnaissance, decontamination, and smoke generation missions. The division's 12 equipment decontamination stations are capable of decontaminating 48 tactical vehicles in one hour. All company-level units in the division are equipped with agent detection and agent contamination prevention kits, such as the M8A1 automatic chemical alarm, the M256 chemical detector, and man-portable protective equipment (MPE). All the division's main battle tanks and infantry fighting vehicles are equipped with complete three-protection systems, so that under nuclear, biological and chemical conditions, the occupants do not need to wear protective suits in order to operate continuously. All other combat vehicles are equipped with Mll/13 cleaners, and all individual soldiers are equipped with micro-virus alarms, the size of a cigarette case, which can alarm all nerve agents, vesicant agents, and systemic toxic agents, plus the equipped individual M258A1 disinfectant device, which is able to protect against 4 levels of postures. As required, the smoke screen platoon of the divisional chemical company is capable of creating a 2-kilometer wide smoke screen protection belt in maneuver territory.
Borrow Engineering Protection Capability
The division's engineer brigade is organized into three engineer battalions and several engineer detachments. Relying on the division's own engineering forces, it can accomplish division combat engineering support, mobility and countermobility missions. Rapidly constructs and maintains access roads and major bridges to major combat roads, blocking positions, and fording grounds within the division's combat area. The division's attack bridging detachment is capable of rapidly erecting four 60-ton bridges over a river span of 144 meters using MAB self-propelled bridges. The HAB heavy impact bridge on the M1 main battle tank chassis can accompany the tank division's assault operations, and under enemy fire, quickly erect a gate bridge with a span of 32 meters and a load of 70 tons to ensure that the tanks and armored combat vehicles can overcome the obstacles of trenches and other obstacles, and the erection and withdrawal time is only 3 to 10 minutes. The engineer brigade is equipped with 24 90-millimeter guns, which can assist the division in breaking up the enemy's fortified territory. In attack, each tank or machine battalion of the division, supported by an engineer platoon, can mechanically (tank mine plows/mine rollers) create a 120-meter path through a minefield in only 10 minutes. In defense, one engineer company of the division can construct 1 to 1.4 meter anti-tank trenches in 24 hours. The division is equipped with 18 Volcano mine-laying systems, which can lay 18 standard minefields (one helicopter sortie can lay a 300-metre x 200-metre mixed minefield) in three flights using six UH-60A utility helicopters to rapidly lay temporary minefields. The division's three 24-manufactured 155-mm artillery battalions laid 15 high-density minefields and 57 low-density minefields, using a basic carrier of medium-dispersal mine submunitions. The time required to lay one high-density minefield is only one minute. Divisional multi-rocket artillery companies can quickly project remote-controlled anti-armor minefields at a distance of 40 kilometers, and one rocket launcher can lay an anti-armor minefield consisting of 336 AT-2 anti-tank mines in a single projection to block enemy tank units in the front area, delaying and killing the enemy.
Night Warfare Capability
_The 1st Armored Division is equipped with 4,983 night vision systems. All of the division's main battle tanks, self-propelled artillery, combat vehicles and helicopters are equipped with night detection and targeting systems. "The Apache attack helicopter PNNS night vision system has a detection range of 12 kilometers and a recognition range of 7 kilometers for tanks at night. The M1A1 main battle tanks of the six tank battalions of the division's armored brigade use new panoramic thermal imaging viewers and thermal imaging scopes, which greatly improve night maneuvering and the ability to detect and attack targets.Some of the M1A2 main battle tanks that have been modified since 1994 are equipped with the "Commander's Independent Thermal Imaging Viewer" and the Driver's Thermal Imaging Camera, which use passive infrared technology. Passive infrared technology, more difficult to be detected by the enemy, the night action of the stealth is stronger. The M2 Bradley series vehicles of the division's four mechanized infantry battalions are equipped with day/night observers and thermal imaging systems in their observation and command systems. 316 vehicle-mounted TOW anti-tank missile launchers are equipped with AN/TAS-4 thermal imaging sights that can be used at night for two-to-four anti-tank missile launchers, and the TOW anti-tank missile launcher is equipped with a thermal imager. The 316 vehicle-mounted TOW anti-tank missile launchers are equipped with AN/TAS-4 thermal imaging sights, which can detect and aim at armored targets 2-6 kilometers away at night. Due to the strong night fighting capability, the U.S. Army believes that the armored divisions can carry out high-speed assaults in continuous day and night operations, and that the best time to attack is at night.
μ Logistical Support Capabilities
Divisional logistical support support for the 1st Armored Division is provided by three forward support battalions, one maintenance support battalion, and one transport aircraft maintenance company under the division support commander. Each forward support battalion is organized into two tank system support teams and two mechanized infantry system support teams. Each battalion can simultaneously support up to two tank battalions and two machine-infantry battalions, provide technical assistance support for nine categories of material and equipment, and is capable of performing intermediate forward maintenance on communications and ground missile equipment within the forward brigade support area. The Division Support Command*** is organized with 1,223 delivery trucks, trailers, and tank trailers of all tonnages, capable of transporting 1,660,500 pounds of establishment equipment. The Motor Transport Company, under the Division Security Support Battalion, has a daily capacity of 138 trucks and trailers of 5 to 22.5 tons, and 1,102 tons of cargo at one time. With 18 trucks with 60-ton trailers, the company could move 445 tons of combat material and 18 medium tanks at a time. The Supply and Service Company under the Security Support Battalion is capable of receiving, temporarily storing, and distributing 35.58 tons of Type I supplies, 52.71 tons of Type II supplies, 9.34 tons of Type III supplies, 20.07 tons of Type IV supplies, 23.97 tons of Type VII supplies other than aircraft, and 21.76 tons of engineering and construction materials for the division on a daily basis, as well as transshipping 136 tons of ammunition daily from the Army Transportation Depot to the supported Units. Five water supply points are provided within the division and brigade support areas, capable of storing 30,000 gallons of water and transporting 12,000 gallons of water twice a day back and forth. It is capable of storing and distributing 302,600 gallons of gasoline per day, using 75 percent of the fuel to distribute vehicles, and can distribute 197,200 gallons of gasoline twice a day round trip. The company operates five field water stations that can supply more than 60 cubic meters of water to the troops each day and night. The Division Maintenance Support Battalion (DMSB) consists of one heavy maintenance company and one light maintenance company capable of providing intermediate level repairs and maintenance of all types of equipment to Division units not supported by the Division's three forward support battalions. The Missile Support Company, under the Maintenance Support Battalion, can provide field maintenance for the division's close-range anti-aircraft missile systems and anti-tank missile and multiple rocket launcher systems. The Transport Aircraft Maintenance Company, under the Division Support Command, is capable of providing aviation maintenance and repair, flight control equipment repair, recovery and evacuation of all types of helicopters of the Division Aviation Brigade. The medical support company under the division maintenance support battalion is capable of providing divisional sanitation support and is able to provide reception and treatment facilities for all types of sick and wounded evacuated from the division rear defense area and from the brigade regional sanitation company. Provide 160 sets of placement equipment for sick and wounded who do not require hospitalization and who can be returned to duty within 96 hours. May provide guard support for detachment surgeries within the division support area.
Sneaker Comprehensive Offensive and Defensive Capabilities
1) Offensive Operations Capability. When the 1st Armored Division reaches the level of first-class formation equipment, it is capable of offensive operations under a variety of conditions and is particularly suited to breakthrough, deep attack, and pursuit missions. In the formation of the army as the main direction of the attack, the front of the attack can be up to 25 to 30 kilometers; as a secondary direction of the attack, the front of the attack can be up to 40 kilometers; on the pre-prepared defense of the enemy attack, the division's breakthrough width of 6 to 8 kilometers; on the hasty defense of the enemy attack of the breakthrough up to 10 kilometers. The depth of the attack can be more than 60 kilometers, and can destroy an enemy armored or mechanized infantry regiment at one time. In the Gulf War ground attack, the division's depth of attack reached more than 200 kilometers, and the speed of attack reached 80 kilometers per day and night.
(2) defensive combat capability. Defensive battles, the 1st Armored Division can be within the army formation to defend the front 30 to 60 kilometers, depth of 50 to 70 kilometers of the defensive zone, to resist the enemy one of the group army attack. It can delay and crush the offensive operations of an enemy army group by holding strongholds, maneuvering for defense, and using air-mobile task forces to delay and crush the offensive operations of an enemy army group by surprise attacks and ground ambushes. The 1st Armored Division also serves as the army's reserve in defense, using its rapid mobility and powerful armored assault power. It conducts counter-assaults against the enemy wedged in the defense. The division is suitable as a covering force during withdrawal operations.