Every day there are countless enterprises spend a lot of manpower, material resources, the production of fewer than dozens of pages up to hundreds of pages of bidding documents, to participate in the competition for these government and state-owned enterprises in public procurement, bidding projects, in addition to the annual bidding agency to contribute tens of billions of intermediary costs, the vast majority of competitors without a specific relationship, even if the price is reasonable, technology and construction program is superior, destined to always be a specific Relationships with the bidding object of the accompanying.
Despite the remarkable results of the high-pressure anti-corruption campaign since the 18th National Congress, which has attracted worldwide attention, valuable public procurement and bidding information is still basically coming from large-scale private and listed companies with standardized management, and so far, public procurement and bidding by governments at all levels and by state-owned enterprises have almost always been blatantly fraudulent!
Whether there is corruption, but it is certain that the government and state-owned enterprises of the so-called public procurement, bidding, there is no talk of any openness, transparency and fair competition, almost all of the so-called public procurement, bidding process is for a particular object to win the bid to go through the motions.
Government and state-owned enterprises in the public procurement, bidding in a variety of common fraudulent techniques, from the technical content of the order from low to high, briefly summarized as follows:
One, the designation of a specific brand and manufacturer
About half of the government and state-owned enterprises in the public procurement, bidding, even if those who have sufficient competition in the market, the multiple competing brand of products and services can fully meet its use of Requirements of the procurement program, blatantly designated procurement of specific brands, specific manufacturers of products. Specific techniques are divided into five:
1, nakedly specify the procurement of a manufacturer's products and services;
2, does not specify the procurement of products and services of manufacturers, but specify the procurement of a specific specification of a major product, and the specifications of the model is actually only the only one manufacturer production;
3, ostensibly recommended 2-3 brands to choose from, or the procurement of a specific brand of products and services can fully meet the requirements of their use. 3 brands to choose from, or public procurement, bidding documents declare that other brands only need to achieve the technical performance of the recommended brand standards, you can also participate in the bidding, but the purchase of tenders or bidding Q&A, clearly told that non-brand will not be considered;
4, with the original use of a particular brand of equipment as the reason for the request for new equipment suppliers to provide the original equipment at the same time. Free upgrade, or obtain the original brand of maintenance authorization;
5, by specific relationships in the technical staff involved in the technical parameters of the bidding documents design, in accordance with the company's products, technical performance and appearance of the design of customized body to do, detailing some of the use of functionality is completely unrelated to the manufacturer's unique technical specifications, appearance parameters, and thus disguise the designation of the only brand.
Strictly speaking, the above acts in violation of the tender law, the law against unfair competition and contrary to the provisions of the public procurement bidding around, but in the central high-level efforts to fight corruption and advocate honesty, shouting the rule of law today, this kind of illegal, undisciplined behavior is blatantly prevalent, we are accustomed to it, it is not surprising that no one has been criticized or pursued, it is indeed inconceivable.
Two, set a special qualification threshold
Almost all of the government and state-owned enterprises so-called public procurement, bidding, will set a variety of qualification thresholds, about half of which will be set up very special qualification thresholds, outside the specific relationship with the competitors excluded. There are four common techniques:
1, geographical restrictions.
For example, the requirement to provide very specific localized after-sales service, while the product and service once implemented does not actually require follow-up after-sales service; the requirement that the product is produced by a local manufacturer; the requirement to provide products and services must be a well-known local enterprises; the requirement for local enterprises to obtain the sole authorization of the manufacturer of a particular brand, and so on.
2, the requirement to obtain certain special qualifications.
For example, the product shall obtain a national invention patent; electromechanical equipment in a control software shall have a copyright registration certificate; bidders are required to provide a never heard of certification body's qualifications, certifications; bidders are required to provide the procurement of products and services have nothing to do with qualifications, certifications; equipment installation and commissioning of personnel need to be how many people have a certain nationally recognized technical qualifications and so on. In short, set these qualification thresholds at a glance is for a specific relationship between the quantitative body made.
3, put forward almost perverse past sales performance requirements.
Such as the procurement of 500,000 yuan of products, require the provision of at least three years of sales of 50 million yuan of similar products above the contract and invoice copies; the procurement of some common market products, require the provision of three years in the system, the industry or the region within 10 similar products sales performance certificate.
4. Requirement to register as a qualified supplier in some designated online platform.
But after you provide a whole lot of documents as required, you find that you simply can not register successfully, or can not pass the audit. Especially ridiculous is that after the national "three certificates", almost all of the government procurement bidding platform and central enterprises, large local state-owned enterprises procurement, bidding platform, can not be through the three certificates of the new certificate code registration, still require the provision of the previous three certificates have been invalidated.
Third, set peculiar technical threshold
In comparison with the previous two types of fraudulent rough and crude practices, set the procurement of goods and services peculiar technical thresholds, to exclude competitors other than the designated relations, is a more covert and subtle approach to fraud. Such bad practices account for about one-third of the proportion of public procurement and bidding projects by governments and state-owned enterprises. Specific techniques are the following three:
1, the provisions of peculiar product specifications, size.
For example, the conventional air conditioning 1P, 1.5P, 2P, 3P, 5P, public procurement, bidding, but the requirements of the 2.2P precision control of air conditioning systems, 2P can not be, 3P can not be, in favor of 2.3P! Another example, the conventional width of the elevator door is 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1400mm, etc., the public procurement bidding in preference to the provisions of the door width of 1041mm, the error shall not be more than one thousandth, and the requirements of the supply time is particularly urgent, it is not possible to make a specific relationship outside the other people have a winning the bidding after the organization of the production of the opportunity. Another example, solid wood flooring color difference is difficult to avoid, because the world does not have two pieces of texture, color is completely consistent with the board, but the purchaser perversely take out a small piece of the sample, the color must be consistent with the sealing of the sample, otherwise the purchaser has the right to accept the inspection of the goods refused.
2, set odd technical parameters.
For example, a well-known public middle school in Nanjing procurement of UPS uninterruptible power supply, the provisions of the UPS control software must be compatible with the school's existing wisdom APP, and he does not tell you what exactly is the school's wisdom APP, developed by which software company! Professionals know that the UPS control system with the school's APP half a penny relationship is not, back a thousand steps even if there is a half a penny relationship, you do not tell the designer of that wisdom software, there is no data interface source program, how to docking compatible? Another example, the purchase of computers, the requirements in the installation of all applications, boot time shall not exceed 12 seconds, after six months of use, boot time shall not have a significant extension, you asked him to install which applications, he said that he could not be determined, asked him how to quantify the "use of half a year of boot time shall not be significantly extended" the specific criteria, he said Almost still 12 seconds. In short, this kind of strange technical parameters of the setting, know the line of hearing to understand, if you insist on casting this bid no way, in case of winning the bid is also played dead!
3, put forward can not realize the equipment installation and commissioning requirements.
The most common of the two techniques: First, the site environment can not be realized on the equipment installation requirements. For example, large equipment can not get in, it lets you think of your own way, in short, can not tear down the doors and windows, more can not tear down the house, can not cut the machine can not be divided into parts and transported in and then welded up. The second is to provide impossible to achieve the construction schedule requirements, and can not be completed on time the penalty is very heavy. For example, there are bidding projects require daytime working hours can not be constructed, after 9:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. can not be constructed, the schedule requirements and particularly tight, so that you can not be completed on schedule in any case, every day of delay in the total purchase price of the equipment deduction of 1%.
Some people may want to ask, the public tender set up in these strange, perverse, impossible to achieve the technical parameters, specific relationships how to do it? The heart to produce this question, mostly good, honest people. In fact, the specific relationship to find a few accompanying units successfully won the bid, simply do not care about these perverted technical indicators, others can not do the specific relationship is also the same can not do! Set these strange technical parameters, but only to exclude competitors a means of just, specific relations after winning the bid, will not be concerned about whether the winning bidder can realize these originally useless, perverted technical parameters.
Four, the design of bid evaluation methods and quotation traps
In the government and state-owned enterprises in public procurement, bidding, with the strengthening of anti-corruption efforts in recent years, the technical content of the fraud is also higher and higher, and now the most common method is: cleverly designed only mathematical geniuses and quotation experts can only be broken by the evaluation methods and quotations of the traps, unknowingly will be procured by a specific relationship between the project. The most common technique is: cleverly designed only mathematical genius and quotation experts can recognize the evaluation methods and quotation traps, unknowingly the procurement project by a specific relationship between the tender.
1, reduce the weight of the evaluation score in the offer, increase the weight of the score of the technology, implementation plans and qualifications of easy internal manipulation, and the design of non-mathematical elite is not easy to detect, in favor of a specific relationship with the bid evaluation methods.
For example, a budget of 10 million yuan of procurement project bidding, quotation, technology, qualification weighting for 30:50:20. technology and qualification according to the specific relationship with the quantitative quantitative stereotypes to do, can ensure that it can get far more than the competitors of the highest score, and can easily be done to the specific relationship with the back of the 70 points, more than the strongest competitors for more than 10 points. Quotation part of the scoring criteria is, qualification review qualified bidders, remove a lowest price, and then the lowest remaining quote as a benchmark, according to the following formula to calculate the score of each bidder: (valid lowest bid / bidder quote) * 30. specific bidder does not even need to find any on the participation of bidding, accompanying the bid, if he quoted a maximum price of 9.98 million yuan, even if the lowest price after the removal of the effective The final offer is 7 million dollars, the particular bidder's score is 700/998 * 30 = 21.04 points. In other words, even if this valid lowest bidder is very good in all respects and quotes $2.98 million less than the particular bidder, the final score is still the particular bidder who quotes $9.98 million wins the bid. In other words, the offer was a setup and everything was taken care of by the relationship.
2, skillfully set the price trap. For example, a procurement package is divided into 10 kinds of commodities, bid evaluation method provides that the offer part of 70% (the remaining 30 points for technology, implementation programs and qualification scores), each offer accounts for 7 points.
The provisions of each commodity column price that the budget maximum price, the procurement of large quantities of which types of commodities, the maximum price is much higher than the market price, such as the market price of 5,000 yuan of commodities, the design of the column price of 30,000 yuan; on the contrary, for the procurement of small quantities of commodities, the design of the column price is very low, such as production costs of 1,000 yuan of products, the provisions of the column price of 980 yuan. Scoring method is: 85% of the arithmetic mean of all valid bidders' quotations for the benchmark price, quotation deviation from the benchmark price, whether up or down 1% are deducted 0.5 points, deducted until no negative points.
Specific bidders only need to find a few accompanied by the bidding, bidding people together, so that all accompanied by the bidding, bidding people to vote for the highest price, that the final winning bid naturally went up. The general bidders, can not predict how the bid-rounding people for those far above the market price of the goods quoted, most people will quote a reasonably high price, such as 5,000 yuan of the market price, quoted a 8,000 yuan, up to 10,000 yuan will be satisfied, but in the end, this take the arithmetic average of 85% of the average price may be 20,000 yuan or more, in addition to rounding up the bidding for the specific relationship between the mind to quote a very high price of 20,000 yuan or more, the Other bidders score is basically zero.
For those column bidding price is obviously lower than the cost of production, the general bidders will never production cost of 1000 yuan of goods, in order to get 85% discount benchmark price and reported 850 yuan or even a little lower, but will be close to the cost of production quotes, such as reported 980 or 990 yuan, but even if all the people are quoted at the highest price of 1000 yuan, the benchmark price of only 850 yuan, that only the Specific relations know, this kind of goods procurement volume is very small, is a little loss, relative to other procurement volume of products to obtain huge profits, this loss is actually a drop in the bucket. This kind of evaluation design, even if the score is close, the final winning bid almost 100% is the higher quote!
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