A few thoughts on emergency preparedness for special equipment
Special equipment refers to the life safety, the danger of boilers, pressure vessels, pressure piping, elevators, cranes, passenger ropeways, large-scale amusement rides and on-site motor vehicles. Among them, the boiler, pressure vessels, pressure piping for pressure class special equipment; elevators, lifting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement rides, on-site motor vehicles for electromechanical special equipment.
Once an accident occurs in the special equipment, the light is caused by the equipment itself is damaged, causing direct losses to the enterprise, the heavy will jeopardize the lives, property safety and even the perimeter of the enterprise range of people, property, and the safety of things, resulting in adverse social impact and huge economic losses. Therefore, the "Work Safety Law" and "Special Equipment Full Supervision Regulations" and many other laws and regulations on special equipment design, manufacturing, installation, use, maintenance, inspection and other aspects of the detailed provisions, as well as for the prevention of accidents also made specific provisions, such as the "Regulations on the Supervision of the Safety of Special Equipment," Article 65, paragraph 1, provides that: the supervision and management department of special equipment safety shall develop emergency plans for special equipment. Special equipment use should develop a special emergency response plan for accidents. Special equipment should be used to develop special emergency response plan, and regular drills.
In the daily inspection of special equipment and special inspections, we have more than once to check the development of emergency plans and drills, the results are not optimistic. Emergency plans either do not have, or old, rehearsed emergency plans less, regular drills are even fewer.
In general, as long as it is a little bit of the scale of the enterprise will develop the enterprise's emergency plan, but there are a lot of problems in the plan. First of all, there is the question of whether the plan is reasonable or not. Some of these plans are suspected of being fabricated or plagiarized online, and lack practicality and operability. Enterprises do not attach great importance to it, once asked the person in charge of the enterprise, who did the plan, replied that it was assigned to XX people to do, and then asked the person in charge, familiar with the plan? Then I asked the person in charge if he was familiar with the plan, and he replied that he was not familiar with it or had read it once. There is also the person in charge of the enterprise simply said directly, this thing is a lot of online. And then look at the plan itself, the purpose, meaning, guiding ideology listed all kinds of, more retreat, but related to the equipment is very general, the lack of specific links and operational steps. Secondly, some enterprises of the emergency plan production time is long, old content. Take the plan out, the cover is clearly written in 2008, which involves more people and things have changed, people come and go, departmental changes, equipment increase or decrease in the plan has nothing to do. In this way, the plan has become a preparation for inspection, and the rest of the time is reserved for archiving purposes. As the relevant provisions of the law only emphasize the existence of a plan, the timeliness of the specific requirements, so the inspector faced with this situation can only be urged to persuade the development of a new plan, meet the lazy a little bit of the person in charge of the enterprise, the next time to come out to deal with the inspection of the plan is usually still the same.
No production of emergency plans for the unit is mostly individual, small workshops, employing a few people of the micro-enterprise, such enterprises are also used by the structure of the majority of simple, easy to operate small special equipment. In fact, this kind of special equipment is the high incidence of safety accidents, because the owners of weak legal awareness, special equipment management and lack of knowledge of safety, basically no special equipment use management system, but also the simple pursuit of economic benefits, the lack of maintenance of the equipment, maintenance, can not develop emergency plans, developed but also can not be implemented, rehearsals can not be. The failure rate of the equipment is relatively high.
The intent of the emergency response plan is that in the event of an accident, the most scientific and simple way to minimize the damage caused by the accident. Exercising the emergency plan is a good test of whether the emergency plan is reasonable or not. Lack of emergency plans and drills may be the consequences of the more help, and may even cause secondary accidents, making the incident worse. However, it is rare to hear enterprises to carry out special equipment emergency plan drills. Some business leaders are very frank, so many years, I have not heard of any equipment accidents, equipment accidents is to catch bad luck, and drills time-consuming, laborious, costly and delayed hours. Work sometimes talk to the staff, asked what to do in case of an accident. There are old stoker sure to say, I burn the boiler you can rest assured that there is no problem, we have been doing this for many years, especially familiar with the boiler. But there are also operators said, something happened, run, first save their own life is important. Different operators answered differently, but we can see from this that when an accident occurs at this time, it is the relevant operator's ability to respond to the accident rather than the construction of the system. This requires the development of plans and exercises, rather than making the original can save losses, and even save the day emergency plans into a stack of paper in the filing cabinet.
The safety of special equipment involves design, manufacturing, installation, use, inspection and other factors, which aspects of the existence of deficiencies are likely to cause accidents. The existence of an emergency plan is an effort to reduce the extent of damage to the accident to save people, property and materials. So both the regulatory unit or the use of the unit should be the emergency plan to pay attention to, to prevent accidents before they occur.
From the current state of emergency preparedness of special equipment, it is imperative that the development or update of emergency preparedness in line with the actual situation of the enterprise, and regular drills, can not be contrary to, and cope with the situation.
Emergency preparedness as a plan for a rainy day, should be thought of in advance of the equipment may occur what kind of accidents, which requires that the plan makers of the corresponding equipment to be very familiar with, which includes familiar with the structure of the equipment, equipment operation process, equipment safety conditions and human factors. As mentioned above, the equipment from the material, design, installation, use, and any other aspects of the shortcomings may exist in the accident potential hazards, these potential hazards should be taken into account in the formulation of the plan, that is, the formulation of the plan to be as thorough as possible, and because of the different equipment from the manufacturing process, the way of work there is a great difference, so the different equipment plans must also be different. The developer of the plan should be based on different hidden danger point to develop a corresponding response, the various ways to respond to the collection together is a complete plan.
An incident response plan plays a key role in the emergency response system, defining who is responsible for what and when, as well as the strategies and resources to be used during and just after an incident. It is for the possible occurrence of major accidents and their impact and severity of the consequences, for all aspects of emergency preparedness and response to the detailed arrangements made in advance, is to carry out timely, orderly and effective emergency rescue work of the accident action guide.
The development of the plan is a very serious matter, may be in the plan in just a few words can save huge losses, so the development process can not be closed, take for granted, the development process need to seek the views of relevant experts, staff, learning from relatively mature plans and even from some of the accidents to learn from the experience of the developer for different types of accidents, the characteristics of the personnel, The developer should take into account the characteristics of different types of accidents, from the coordination and deployment of personnel and materials, the elimination of dangerous situations, the evacuation of people, the rescue of the injured and other aspects of the overall consideration, and ultimately to develop a qualified plan.
But whether an emergency plan is qualified, but also need to practice the test, the best test is the emergency plan for the exercise, rather than by the accident to test. Through the rehearsal of the plan to see whether the plan is reasonable or not, so that the plan can be modified and improved, can make the person in charge of the enterprise and the staff familiar with the rescue process, to improve the mental capacity, to avoid accidents after the bewilderment or ineffective behavior.
Drill is an exercise rather than a "play", the reality is that there is a heavy scene, heavy form of the phenomenon, the result is that the drill has become a "play", and ultimately flowed from the surface to go through the motions, seemingly lively, the effect is greatly reduced. And in reality there is another "play" phenomenon, that is, the organizers of the drill director of all, what accidents, what people to participate in, what to do, completely in accordance with the pre-established program organization, implementation, the process of the drill is complete, seemingly obvious effect, but such a method of exercise is effective? First of all, we must say that this is effective, we can not erase the effect of this drill, but this drill ignores the suddenness and uncertainty of the accident. I have heard of a unit organized several times the drill, practice every year, but every time the drill is the same content, the mode is fixed, the participants are the same set of people, the other front-line personnel completely as the audience.
Therefore, if you want to make the drill to achieve the real effect, the person in charge of the enterprise should first of all put the development of the plan and drill really pay attention to the organization of the front-line staff to learn and train, increase the staff's professionalism and skills, improve the quality of the emergency plan training and the effect of the relevant operators in the process of the drill operation proficiency, accuracy. The form of emergency drills should be diversified to meet the purpose of testing the plan, familiarizing with the procedures and educating the staff. After the end of the drill, we should summarize and evaluate in time, and revise the plan and improve the emergency measures in response to the problems found in time. The person in charge of the enterprise should take the drill as an effective method to eliminate the hidden danger of equipment accidents, for the hidden danger point for inspection, maintenance, nip the hidden danger in the bud, so as to realize safe production. According to the author's point of view, in line with the savings, the principle of convenience, you can take a progressive exercise, that is, the first implementation of the "collective exercise", that is, different types of special equipment as the basis for the division, picking out a few key companies in the industry to carry out drills, drills, similar to other units of the person in charge, safety management personnel, operators can be on the sidelines of the visit, and even Coordinated drills. To check out the previous days more problems with the plan to use the elevator unit, for example, you can pick an elevator is not too high frequency of use of the unit, invite other units of people to attend, for the elevator may be the emergencies to carry out drills. On this basis, the gradual promotion of each unit to carry out drills to achieve the real effect of the use of the plan.
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