A kind of human defense work, including the outer wall, buffer wall, explosion-proof door, closed wall, protective partition wall, etc., mainly used for human defense temporary shelter, wartime air defense command center, communication center, hidden place, etc.; fortification also has three kinds of defense function. Next, I will introduce the design specification of the human defense basement.
Personal Defense Basement Design Specifications
I. Area Calculation
Calculation of air defense basement floor area, effective area of air defense and shelter. The air defense basement mentioned here refers to the direct acceptance to the air defense basement shock fluctuation load of the components surrounded by the area, that is, the outer wall of the air defense basement, temporary walls and protection Closed door (blast wave door) frame. An area of enclosed space formed by perimeter walls, sealing walls, protective partitions, etc. Air passages, shafts, staircases, ventilation ducts, etc. of the air defense basement cannot be counted as the construction area of the air defense basement. Effective area of air defense is the area that satisfies the use of personnel and equipment. The value is the difference between the floor area and the construction area of the air defense basement. Manufactured housing area is the effective area of human defense that provides shelter for personnel, materials and vehicles. The value is the effective area of the man-made defense minus the following parts of the area: (1) oral cavity, anti-virus channel, closed channel area; (2) ventilation, water supply and drainage, power supply, chemical protection, communications and other specialized equipment room area (3) toilets, restrooms, water rooms and other areas.
Two, engineering design
Two, air-raid basement professional team engineering, personnel refuge engineering design, should be in accordance with the "norms" Table 3.2.1-2 "area standard" coverage area, to determine the number of sheltering personnel or equipment, shall not be increased arbitrarily "area standard" coverage area. Arbitrarily increase the "area standard", resulting in a reduction in the number of sheltering personnel or equipment, resulting in feng shui entrance and exit width is small, protective equipment and professional design parameters, can not meet the actual needs of wartime. The project of the warehouse for human defense materials should be based on the storage of food and materials. The minimum width of material entrance and exit doors is 1.5 meters. Forklift trucks should be considered for the main entrance doors of material warehouses with a floor area of more than 2000m. Design drawings should clearly define driveways and vehicles. The width of the aisle should meet the passing requirements. When designing the main body, the open stacking design should be categorized according to the material. The length of each stacking area shall not be greater than 15m, the distance between two stacking areas shall not be less than 800mm, the distance between the material and the wall shall not be less than 700mm, and the distance to the bottom of the beam shall be not less than 300mm. The design drawings shall define the size of the stacking area, the type of food and material to be stacked in the stacking area (the type of food and the specific gravity of the food can be determined in accordance with the "Code of Practice for Structural Loading" Appendix). Structural load specification" Appendix A (GB 5009) -2001), Table A.1 & lt; commonly used materials and components of the weight table & gt; engineering 9 "food" used). The effective area of the diesel power station should be determined in accordance with the following standards: & lt; 200kw power station for 1.18 ~ 1.68m / kw; 200 ~ 1000kw power station for 1.26 ~ 1.50m / kw; ＆ gt; 1000kw power station for 0.67 ~ 1.26m / kw. The scale of medical ambulance works according to the "specifications"! "3.2.1-1 effective area is determined. Ambulance stations are usually designed based on one protection unit. Emergency response center shall be designed according to 2-3 protection units. The central hospital shall be designed based on 4-6 protection units.
III. Mastery of the key points
III. For the single excavation of human defense works in residential areas combined with civil engineering buildings should be divided into two points: 1, to meet the service radius of the sheltered personnel in residential areas. The requirement is that the service radius should not exceed 200 meters. The service radius here refers to the distance from the ground building stairs to the people's defense engineering personnel out of the entrance, excluding the distance from the lower stairs. 2. For Class A people's air defense project, the main entrance and exit are underground. The entrance shall be outside the collapse of the ground building, and meet the requirements of "Code" 3.3.3. If they do not, they should be blocked. 4. According to the provisions of Article 3.2.15 of the Code, "for class A air-raid basement whose superstructure is reinforced concrete structure, the bottom surface of the top slab shall not be higher than the outdoor ground level; the bottom surface of type B air-raid basement shall be higher than the height of the outdoor ground level. Greater than 1/2 of the height of the basement". Here the "outdoor ground plane" refers to the lowest point of the outdoor ground plane where the exterior wall and the soil come into contact with the impact fluctuation load. The width of the soil layer The exterior walls of a fully buried air-raid basement shall be not less than 3 m and shall not be less than the thickness of the unfavorable soil layer specified in 4.5.4 of the Code.V. Section 3.3.2 of the Code, which deals with air-raid proofing Basements meeting the following conditions may not have an outside entrance. Outside the basement. The first point of the condition is "and other reliable air-raid proofing of the basement with a resistance level not lower than that of an air-raid basement." Connection", other people's air defense works in this case refers to other people's air defense works that are completely disconnected from the structure of the air defense basement and connected for a certain distance rather than in the air, the air defense basement near the air defense basement of the defense basement works of another protection unit. . 6. the air defense basement is located on the second floor (inclusive) or above, or the main entrance and exit are located in the common basement. The location and scope of the evacuation passageway from the main basement of the air defense basement to the outdoor ground shall be indicated on the plan of the wartime building. The main entrance and exit as well as the evacuation passage have a closed roof section, and the outer wall, top plate and bottom plate of the soil shall take into account the compression wave effect of the weapon shock wave. When the air defense basement is located in the lowest level of a multi-story basement, the top and bottom slabs, etc., which serve as the main entrance and exit evacuation routes shall be designed in accordance with 4.7.11 and 4.8.6. "Specifications"; When not on the lowest level of a multi-story basement the air-raid basement may be designed in accordance with Section 4.8.12 of the Specifications. The top slab of a general basement used as an evacuation route shall, without considering the influence of the upper building, have a dynamic load value in accordance with Table 4.7.2 or Table 4.8.2; the bottom slab of an evacuation route shall take into account the action of compression waves in the soil and be used as the bottom slab of an evacuation route for a basement under a public **** basement. Dynamic load values shall be adopted in accordance with Table 4.8.2 of the Standard, irrespective of the effect of superstructures. Walls shall be provided between the main entrance and exit evacuation routes and the common basement. Walls shall be reinforced concrete walls, walls (columns) shall take into account the horizontal equivalent static loads generated by the pressure of nuclear shock fluctuations. Load value should be in line with the "Code" 4.8. 10 options. 7. air-raid basement and ordinary basement adjacent to the ordinary basement using reinforced concrete structure. The roof of the general basement within 8m from the partition wall of the air defense basement is usually not suitable for opening. Opening holes are required because of normal use. The net width should not exceed 3 m and the net length should not exceed 6 m. The total number of openings within this range should not exceed 2. Temporary obstruction design is used and precautions are implemented according to the technology Requirements of the National Standard Design Atlas 07FJ02-126 / 127. The net width of the openings in the *** basement for basement use outside the 8m range of the partition wall should not exceed 3m, and the net length should not exceed 6m. The cross-sectional area of the public *** basement basement entrances and exits should not be larger than 1/7 of the cross-sectional area of the basement for basement use in the vertical plane of the *** basement for basement use, as well as the total openings of the external wall surface of the ordinary basement basement should not be larger than 50% of the area of the wall. When the size of the opening at the top of the ordinary basement is larger than the above requirements, the adjacent partition wall of the air defense basement and the ordinary basement shall be determined in accordance with the relevant requirements for the air wall of the sunken plaza. Article 8.8. The design of sunken plaza outside air defense basement is prone to produce a large area of directly exposed air defense basement protective outer wall. When the outer wall is protected, priority should be given to the use of air defense basement exterior wall and sunken plaza between the design. Use an ordinary basement with a width of less than 8 meters as a transition zone. Ordinary basement shall meet the requirements of Article 7 above. The protective outer wall can be designed according to the partition wall between air defense basement and ordinary basement. If there is no condition of transition zone, the minimum thickness of protective layer of nuclear weapons adjacent to the outer wall of air-raid basement and sunken plaza should be determined according to Table 3.3.13 of the Code. Nuclear load values may be found in Table 4.8.8 of the Code. Use the value for outdoor through one-way basement (ζ<30). The dynamic load value of conventional weapons should be calculated according to the civil aviation air defense engineering design specification (GB50225-2005) on the sinking wall of the relevant formula. Nine, air defense basement diffusion room should be cast in reinforced concrete, the interior plane should be square or rectangular. The top, outer wall and bottom plate of the diffusion chamber in direct contact with the soil are only considered to be subject to external pressure. The equivalent static load values for a Class A air-raid basement on partition walls adjacent to the diffusion chamber shall be determined as follows: 39 KN / m for personal sheltering works and 130 KN / m for exhaust outlets. diesel-powered generating stations. For other non-personal sheltering works it is 65KN / m. 10. When the prestressed members of the air-raid basement (except prestressed pipe piles) are subjected to dynamic loads, their prestressing steel reinforcement cannot be involved in the calculation. XI. When the air raid basement is based on piles and designed on the basis of the characteristic value of the bearing capacity of a single pile, the piles shall be accepted on the basis of the value of the load combination of the nuclear loads applied to the upper wall. Columns; shall be based on the lower air-raid basement walls and columns. The "combination" is required to be included in the load combination of the weight of the superstructure itself and the dynamic loads for acceptance. Piles (except prestressed piles), walls, columns, etc. shall be considered in accordance with the provisions of the "Code" to take into account the increased strength of the material. 12. The construction of air-raid basement buildings shall provide for special spaces for plan conversion components and stacking of materials on the design drawings. Special room area for each protection unit 15-25m, air defense basement level conversion components of the special space can not be used normally. Designed exclusively for other purposes, the special room area in the protection zone can be included in the refuge area of the air defense project. 13. Residential areas or between two non-contiguous protection units of different human defense works can be designed to connect underground passages when necessary. The connecting passage shall be designed as an ordinary basement. The net width shall not be less than 1.5 meters, the net height shall not be less than 2.0. meters 14. in the air defense basement wartime construction planning, design units should be clearly drawn a variety of professional rooms and other wartime function rooms, such as the mouth, unit separation, wartime ventilation, chemical protection, water supply equipment (including wartime water tanks) ). Mark each protection (explosion-proof) unit of the floor area, refuge area, effective area, shelter (equipment) number or material tonnage (volume), drawing civil defense zoning map; in the electronic file with pline line drawing air-raid basement boundaries, explaining the calculation of air-raid basement floor area of the calculation of the scope of the area, in order to calculate the field of human defense. In the special design of the war transition design should be added to the air defense basement design documents, specifying the stage, method, location, model and implementation requirements of the air defense basement war transition.
IV. Safety
In terms of safety, it can be said to be thoughtful, 50-centimeter-thick reinforced concrete and fully enclosed channel design, complete with ventilation ducts, whether it's a flood or a war, the basic air defense basement is foolproof.
People's defense basement design specifications
The above is the introduction of the people's defense basement that I brought you today. I believe my friends have some understanding. I hope this article can help you. You can also log on to Tuba Rabbit to see more related content and information. Seeking intractable diseases nowhere in the renovation? Renovation is greasy and you don't know how to avoid it? Click to enter the Q&A system, online renovation of old Chinese medicine, to provide you with comprehensive support.
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