1, medication error (ME) grading for 9 levels A level A for the first tier (error hidden), B ～ D level for the second tier (error occurs, but did not cause patient harm), E ～ H level for the third tier (error occurs, and cause patient harm), I level for the fourth tier (error occurs, causing patient death) [2]. Tiers III and IV are serious MEs.
2. The National Coordinating council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) defines a medication error (ME) as an error that occurs in a drug or medication that causes harm to the patient [2]. ME is defined as a preventable event in which a healthcare professional, patient, or consumer inappropriately administers a medication during the course of medication therapy, or in which the medication causes injury to the patient [1]. On January 30, 2011, the Ministry of Health, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SACM), and the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department (GLM) jointly issued the Notice on the Issuance of Provisions on the Pharmacological Management of Healthcare Institutions (WeiMaGeFa [2011] No. 11). The document also defines medication error: medication error refers to any preventable medication omission that occurs during the entire process of clinical use and management of medicines, which can lead to potential or direct harm to patients. These events can occur in relation to professional healthcare practices, healthcare products, workflows, and systems, including the writing of prescriptions and the communication of instructions; product labeling, packaging, and nomenclature; the preparation, classification, and administration of medications; efficacy monitoring; and patient education.