According to the international development trend and China's current situation, the modern instrumentation according to its application areas and their own technical characteristics are broadly divided into six categories, namely, industrial automation instruments and control systems, scientific instruments, electronic and electrical measurement, instruments, medical instruments, various types of special instruments, sensors and instrumentation components and materials. Industrial automation instrumentation and control systems, mainly refers to industrial, especially process industry production process application of various types of detection instruments, actuators and automatic control system devices. Scientific instruments mainly refers to the instruments and meters applied in scientific research, teaching experiment, measurement and testing, environmental monitoring, quality and safety inspection and other aspects. Electronic and electrical measuring instruments, mainly refers to low-frequency, high-frequency, ultra-high-frequency, microwave and other frequency bands of test and measurement of special and general-purpose instruments and meters. Medical instruments mainly refer to instruments used for life science research and clinical diagnosis and treatment. Various types of specialized instruments refer to specialized instruments applied in various fields such as agriculture, meteorology, hydrology, geology, oceanography, nuclear industry, aviation and aerospace. Scientific instruments can be subdivided into 14 subcategories, namely, electronic optical instruments, ion optical instruments, X-ray instruments, spectroscopic instruments, chromatographic instruments, spectral instruments, electrochemical instruments, biochemical separation and analytical instruments, gas analytical instruments, microscopes and imaging systems, chemical reaction and thermal analytical instruments, acoustic vibration instruments, mechanical performance testing instruments (material testing machines), photoelectric measuring instruments. Among them, the fastest growing, the most widely used and the largest market capacity is all kinds of optical instruments and analytical instruments. Although the modern instrumentation for the general classification, in fact, there are many cross, such as various types of specialized instruments, many of which are scientific instruments.
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