Emergency treatment measures for electric shock
Electric shock first aid method:
Turn off the switch quickly and cut off the power supply.
Connect or cut off wires, lights, sockets and other charged items on the person who gets an electric shock with insulating materials.
Keep the respiratory tract open.
Call 120 emergency service immediately.
Stop breathing and heartbeat and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.
And stick to it for a long time.
Properly handle the wound of local electric burn.
Precautions:
The basic principle of electric shock first aid is to act quickly and correctly. When the current passing through the human body is small, it only produces numbness and has little effect on the human body. When the current through the human body increases, but it is less than the current, it may be severely hit, but it can still get rid of the power supply by itself, and the damage may not be serious. When the current passing through the human body is further increased, approaching or reaching the fatal current, the person who gets an electric shock will have signs such as mental paralysis, respiratory interruption and cardiac arrest. , and in a coma. At this time, it should not be regarded as death, but as suspended animation, and the rescue should be carried out quickly and permanently. There are cases in which people who were electrocuted were rescued by artificial respiration for more than 4 hours.
According to some data, 90% of the patients who started treatment three minutes after electric shock had a good effect, and 10% who started treatment six minutes after electric shock had a good effect. However, people who start treatment 12 minutes after electric shock have little possibility of being saved. Therefore, it is very important to act quickly.
Correct first aid methods:
The rescue work of artificial respiration and chest compressions should be carried out continuously and should not be stopped easily, nor should it be stopped on the way to the hospital. In the process of rescue, if it is found that the skin of the electric shock person turns from purple to red and the pupil changes from big to small, it shows that the rescue has achieved results; If you find that the lips of the electrocuted person are open or closed, or the eyelids are moving, or the throat is swallowing something, you should pay attention to whether there is spontaneous heartbeat and spontaneous breathing. When the electrocuted person can breathe spontaneously, artificial respiration can be stopped. If the person who gets an electric shock still can't breathe spontaneously after artificial respiration stops, artificial respiration should be performed again immediately. In the process of first aid, if the person who gets an electric shock has a dead spot or his body is stiff and cold, he can stop the rescue after the doctor makes a diagnosis that it is impossible to save. It is especially important to note that adrenaline should not be injected when the heart of the electrocuted person is still beating.
Emergency plan for electric shock first aid measures
First, power failure
To get an electric shock first aid, first of all, let the person who gets an electric shock get rid of the power supply quickly, as soon as possible. Because the longer the current acts, the heavier the damage.
Disconnecting the power supply is to disconnect the switch, circuit breaker or other circuit breaker of the live equipment contacted by the electric shock person; Or try to separate the electrocuted person from the live equipment. When disconnecting the power supply, the ambulance personnel should not only save people, but also pay attention to protect themselves. Before the electric shock person cuts off the power supply, the ambulance personnel are not allowed to directly contact the wounded with their hands because of the danger of electric shock; If the person who gets an electric shock is at a height, he will fall from a height after disconnecting the power supply. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken.
For all kinds of electric shock occasions, take the following measures when power is cut off.
1. Electric shock on low-voltage equipment
If the electric shock victim touches the low-voltage live equipment, the ambulance personnel should try to cut off the power supply quickly, such as turning on the power switch or circuit breaker and unplugging the power plug. , or use insulating tools, such as dry sticks, boards, ropes and other non-conductive things to save the electric shock; You can also grab the dry but not close-fitting clothes of the electric shock person and drag them away. Remember to avoid touching metal objects and the naked body of the person who gets an electric shock. You can also wear insulating gloves or wrap your hands with dry clothes to get rid of electric shock; Rescuers can also stand on insulating mats or dry wooden boards to insulate themselves for rescue.
In order to release the electrocuted person from the conductor, it is best to use one hand. If the current enters the ground through the electrocuted person, and the electrocuted person holds the wire tightly, you can try to plug it with dry wood to isolate it from the ground. You can also cut the wires with dry wood, an axe or pliers with insulated handles. Cut the thread in stages, one by one, and try to stand on insulation or dry board.
2. Get an electric shock on high-voltage equipment
If the person who gets an electric shock touches high-voltage live equipment, the ambulance personnel should cut off the power supply quickly, or use insulating tools (wearing insulating gloves, insulating boots and insulating rods) suitable for the voltage level to rescue the person who gets an electric shock. The medical staff are rescuing.
In this process, attention should be paid to keeping a necessary safe distance from the surrounding live parts.
3. Get an electric shock on the overhead line
If the electric shock occurs on the overhead line tower, if it is a low-voltage live line, you can immediately cut off the power supply of the line, or the ambulance personnel can quickly board the pole and fasten their seat belts, and then use wire cutters with insulating rubber handles, dry non-conductive objects or insulating objects to pull the electric shock away from the power supply; If it is a high-voltage live line, it is impossible to cut off the switch quickly, and a short metal wire with sufficient cross section and appropriate length can be used to trip the power switch. Before hanging, one end of the short wire should be fixed on the tower or grounding downlead, and the other end should be tied with heavy objects. However, when throwing short wires, attention should be paid to prevent arc injury or wire breakage from endangering personal safety. No matter what voltage line the electrocuted person is on, rescuers should pay attention to prevent the possibility of falling from a height and touching other live lines again when disconnecting the power supply of the electrocuted person.
4. Get an electric shock on the high-voltage conductor that falls to the ground.
If the person who gets an electric shock touches the disconnected electrified high-voltage conductor on the ground, the ambulance personnel shall not approach the disconnection point within 8- 10m before taking safety measures (such as wearing insulating boots or temporarily jumping near the person who gets an electric shock) without confirming that the line has no electricity, so as to prevent the stepping voltage from hurting people. The person who gets an electric shock should also be taken to 8- 10m away quickly after leaving the live wire, and immediately start electric shock first aid. Only when it is determined that there is no electricity in the line can the electric shock victim leave the electric shock conductor and immediately give first aid on the spot.
Second, the treatment of the wounded after leaving the power supply
If the person who gets an electric shock is conscious, he should lie flat and observe closely. Don't stand or walk for a while. If the injured person is unconscious, he should lie flat to ensure that his airway is unobstructed, and call the injured person or pat his shoulder for 5 seconds to determine whether the injured person is unconscious. Don't shake the head of the wounded and don't call the wounded. The wounded who need to be rescued should immediately adhere to the correct on-site rescue and try to contact the medical department to take over the treatment.
Third, the judgment of breathing and heartbeat.
If the electric shock victim loses his wish, he should judge the breathing and heartbeat of the injured person by watching, listening and trying within 10s.
Look: Is there any fluctuation in the chest and abdomen of the wounded?
Listen: put your ear close to the nose and mouth of the wounded and listen to the sound of exhalation.
Test: test whether there is expiratory airflow in the nose and mouth. Then use two fingers to gently test whether the carotid artery in the depression next to the Adam's apple on one side (left or right) has pulsation.
If the results of watching, listening and trying are that there is neither breathing nor carotid pulse, it can be judged that breathing or heartbeat has stopped.
Fourth, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
When the electric shock person's breathing and heartbeat stop, he should immediately carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation and carry out correct on-site rescue. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation measures mainly include the following three types.
1. Clear airway
When the electrocuted person stops breathing, make sure that the respiratory tract is unobstructed. If a foreign body is found in the mouth of the injured person, the body and head can be turned sideways at the same time, and one or two fingers can be crossed to insert and take out the foreign body from the mouth. Care should be taken to prevent foreign bodies from being pushed deep into the throat during operation.
To clear the airway, one hand can be placed on the forehead of the electrocuted person, and the fingers of the other hand can lift the lower jaw upward, and the two hands can push the head backward together, and the tongue base can also be lifted accordingly to make the airway clear. It is forbidden to put pillows or other objects under the head of the wounded. When the head is lifted forward, the airway obstruction will be aggravated, and when chest compressions are performed, the blood flow to the brain will be reduced or even disappeared.
2. Mouth to mouth (nose) artificial respiration
Mouth to mouth (nose) artificial respiration. While keeping the airway of the wounded unobstructed, the ambulance personnel hold the nose of the wounded with fingers placed on the forehead of the wounded. After inhaling deeply, the ambulance personnel should closely carry out mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration with the wounded. Under the condition of no air leakage, blow twice continuously, each time is1~1.5s. If the carotid artery still has no pulsation after two blows, it can be determined that the heartbeat has stopped, and chest compressions should be performed immediately.
Except for blowing twice at the beginning, the blowing volume of normal mouth-to-mouth (nose) breathing does not need to be too large to avoid causing bloating. Pay attention to the ups and downs of the wounded chest when blowing to relax. If the resistance is large when blowing, it may be that the head is not tilted back enough and should be corrected in time. People who get an electric shock have their teeth closed, so it's delicious to give artificial respiration to their noses. When blowing with mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, the injured person's lips should be tightly closed to prevent air leakage.
3. Chest compressions
(1) Press the position. Correct compression position is an important prerequisite to ensure the effect of chest compression. The steps to determine the correct pressing position are as follows:
1) The index finger and middle finger of the right hand go up along the lower edge of the right accessory arch of the electric shock victim, and find the midpoint of the joint between the rib and the sternum.
2) Put the two fingers together, with the middle finger in the center of the notch (the bottom of xiphoid process) and the index finger flat on the lower part of the sternum.
3) The palm root of the other hand is close to the upper edge of the index finger and placed on the sternum, which is the correct pressing position.
(2) Pressing posture. Correct pressing posture is the basic guarantee to achieve chest pressing effect, and the correct pressing posture should meet the following requirements:
1) Let the electrocuted person lie on his back in a flat and hard place, and the ambulance personnel stand or kneel beside the injured person's shoulder. The rescuer's shoulders are located directly above the injured person's sternum, his arms are straight, his elbow joint is fixed, his palms overlap, his fingers are tilted and he does not touch the injured person's chest wall.
2) With the hip joint as the fulcrum, use the gravity of the upper body to vertically lower the sternum of normal adults by 3 ~ 5 cm (children and emaciated people should lower it).
3) After the pressure reaches the required level, completely relax immediately, but the palm root of the ambulance personnel shall not leave the chest wall when relaxing.
Pressing must be effective, and the effective sign is that the carotid pulse can be felt when pressing.
(3) Operating frequency.
1) chest compressions should be even, about 80 times per minute, and the time for each compression and relaxation is equal.
2) Chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration are performed at the same time, and the rhythm is as follows: single rescue is to blow twice after each press (15: 2) and repeat it; When two people rescue, the other person blows 1 time after 5 times (5: 1), and so on.
After pressing and blowing 1min (equivalent to 4 cycles in a single rescue 15: 2 pressing and blowing), it is necessary to judge whether the breathing and heartbeat of the wounded recover within 5 ~ 7s by watching, listening and trying. If it is determined that the carotid artery is pulsating but not breathing, stop chest compressions, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation twice, and then blow once every 5s (i.e. 12 times/min). If the pulse and breathing have not recovered, continue to insist on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
In the process of rescue, it should be judged again every few minutes, and each judgment time should not exceed 5 ~ 7s. Before the medical personnel take over the rescue, the on-site rescue personnel shall not give up the on-site rescue.
Five, the movement and transfer of the wounded in the process of rescue
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out on the spot, and the wounded should not be moved at will for convenience. If it is really necessary to move, the rescue interruption time shall not exceed 30s.
When moving the wounded or taking them to the hospital, the wounded should lie flat on the stretcher, with a flat hard board on his back, and continue to be rescued during moving or taking them to the hospital. Patients with cardiac arrest should continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which can not be terminated before the medical staff take over the treatment.
If the heartbeat and breathing of the wounded have recovered after rescue, the operation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be suspended. However, in the early stage of heartbeat and respiratory recovery, it is possible to stop again, so it is necessary to closely monitor and not be paralyzed, and be ready to rescue again at any time. After the initial recovery, if you are unconscious or in a trance or beating, you should try to calm the wounded.
Six, pole or high electric shock first aid
If someone is found to get an electric shock at a height, we should strive for time to start rescue at a height as soon as possible. Rescuers should carry necessary tools, insulation tools and strong cables with them when climbing mountains, and call for help in case of emergency.
Rescuers should contact the wounded for rescue only after confirming that the electric shock victim has been isolated from the power supply and there is no dangerous power supply within the safe distance of the environment involved by the ambulance personnel, and should pay attention to preventing the possibility of falling from high altitude. If an electric shock occurs on the pole, the injured person should be immediately sent to the ground with ropes, or take possible quick and effective measures to send it to the platform.
When the wounded are sent to the ground from a height, mouth-to-mouth (nose) blowing should be carried out for 4 times. After the electric shock victim is sent to the ground, he should immediately continue to adhere to the rescue method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The use of epinephrine and other drugs should be cautious in on-site electric shock rescue. If there is no necessary diagnostic equipment and sufficient guarantee, it shall not be used indiscriminately.
Common sense of electric shock first aid
1, what are the forms of electric shock?
The main forms of human electric shock accidents are single electric shock, two electric shocks and step voltage electric shock. Among them, single-phase electric shock is the most common.
In the power grid with neutral grounding, if human body comes into contact with the single-phase charged body in the power grid, a single-phase electric shock accident will occur. A single voltage forms a loop through the human body, the earth and the working grounding resistor. The current passing through the human body will far exceed the safe current, which is very dangerous. In an ungrounded neutral power grid, when a single-phase electric shock occurs, the phase voltage forms a loop through the distributed capacitance between the human body and the power grid, and the current passing through the human body may still exceed the safe current value, resulting in fatal electric shock.
When the human body touches different two-phase charged conductors in the power grid at the same time, two-phase electric shock is formed. At this time, the current directly passes through the human body to form a loop. Because the voltage borne by human body is line voltage, the risk of two-phase electric shock is relatively high.
There are two reasons for the step voltage: (1) the conductor is short-circuited after the electric shock line is broken, and a weak electric field with uneven potential distribution is formed on the ground around the grounding point; (2) When lightning strikes, large current flows into the earth with the grounding body, resulting in uneven potential distribution centered on the grounding body. When the human body touches the step voltage, the current passes through the human body along the lower body, causing leg cramps to fall down and causing serious electric shock accidents.
2. What should I do if I find someone getting an electric shock?
First, cut off the power supply, so that the person who gets an electric shock can get rid of the power supply, because the longer the current acts on people, the more serious the damage will be. If you cut off the power supply one second earlier, you will have more hope of successful rescue.
Sometimes, from the appearance, people who get an electric shock have lost consciousness because of the interruption of breathing and heart beating, but in fact, many people's loss of consciousness is a phenomenon of suspended animation, which is due to the temporary failure of important functions in the human body and does not mean real death. Therefore, no matter how high the voltage the electric shock victim is exposed to, and how serious the electric shock and electric burn suffered by the human body during the electric shock process, all possible methods should be taken quickly for first aid.
The key to the success of saving the life of electric shock victims is to carry out emergency rescue quickly and correctly on the spot. Give up on-site first aid, thinking that sending hospital insurance will delay valuable rescue time, cause more people to get an electric shock and cause unnecessary death.
After the electric shock is cut off, the ambulance personnel should give first aid on the spot according to the different physiological reactions of the electric shock, and should immediately notify the doctor to come to the rescue. If the breathing and heartbeat stop, artificial respiration and chest compressions should be performed immediately.
3, low voltage, high voltage electric shock from the power supply should pay attention to?
Attention should be paid to when low-voltage electric shock leaves the power supply:
(1), if the switch is close to the place where you get an electric shock, you should quickly turn on the switch or cut off the power supply. If it happens at night, necessary lighting should be prepared for rescue.
(2) If the switch is far away from the electric shock site, you can cut the wire with insulating pliers or an axe, knife and shovel with a dry wooden handle. Be sure to cut the wire on the power supply side (that is, the wire inlet side), and be careful that the cut wire cannot touch the human body.
(3) When the wires are placed on or under the human body, dry sticks, boards or other tools with insulated handles can be used to pick up the wires quickly. Never use any metal or wet things to pick the wires, so as to avoid the ambulance personnel getting an electric shock.
(4) If the clothes of the electrocuted person are dry and not tightly wrapped around the body, the ambulance personnel can stand on a dry board, or wrap one hand with dry clothes, dry scarves, hats, etc. Then use this hand (never use both hands) to hold down the clothes of the person who gets an electric shock, and separate the person who gets an electric shock from the charged body, but don't touch the skin of the person who gets an electric shock.
When high-voltage electric shock leaves the power supply, attention should be paid to:
(1), in case of high voltage electric shock, cut off the power switch quickly. If it is impossible to cut off the power switch, the electric shock victim should be isolated from the power supply by using insulation tools that meet the voltage level. When rescuing, emergency personnel should keep a safe distance from the voltage level to ensure the personal safety of emergency personnel.
(2) If people get an electric shock in a higher place, protective measures must be taken to prevent people from falling from a height when the power supply is cut off.
(3), when someone get an electric shock on the high-voltage line, should quickly pull open the power switch, or notify the local power supply dispatching department by telephone power failure.
4. How to get rid of the power supply after the first aid?
After the electric shock is cut off, the on-site emergency personnel should deal with the symptoms in time and try to contact the doctors in the hospital department to take over the treatment at the scene.
(1), the electric shock victim is conscious, but feels flustered, numb limbs, weak body, pale face, or once in a coma, but does not lose consciousness. At this time, he should be carried to a comfortable place with fresh air and good ventilation, rest for 1-2 hours, and are not allowed to walk, so as to reduce the burden on his heart and let him slowly return to normal. At this time, pay attention to heat preservation and observe closely. If you find irregular breathing or heartbeat, or even stop, you should find ways to rescue it quickly.
(2) When the electrocuted person is delirious and has a heartbeat, but his breathing stops or is extremely weak, he should immediately open the airway by lifting his forehead and carry out mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.
(3) When the electric shock victim loses consciousness and his heart stops beating, but his breathing is extremely weak, he should immediately carry out cardiac resuscitation, because this weak breathing cannot play the role of gas exchange.
(4) When the heartbeat and breathing of the electric shock person stop, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately without delay or interruption.
5. What are the basic principles and precautions of electric shock first aid?
The basic principle of electric shock first aid is quick action and correct method. When the current passing through the human body is small, it only produces numbness and has little effect on the body. When the current through the human body increases, but it is less than the current, although it may be severely hit, the damage may not be serious when it can get rid of the power supply by itself. When the current passing through the human body further increases to close to or reach the fatal current, the person who gets an electric shock will have the characteristics of nerve paralysis, respiratory interruption, cardiac arrest and so on. And the appearance will be in a coma. At this time, it should not be regarded as death, but as suspended animation, and the rescue should be carried out quickly and permanently. There are cases in which people who were electrocuted were rescued by artificial respiration for more than 4 hours. According to some data, 90% of the patients who started treatment 1 min after electric shock had a good effect; The effect of 10% starting treatment 6 minutes after electric shock is good; It is very unlikely that patients will start treatment from 12 minutes after electric shock. Therefore, it is very important to act quickly.
Correct first aid methods must be adopted. The rescue work of artificial respiration and chest compression should be carried out continuously, and it should not be stopped easily, nor should it be stopped on the way to the hospital. In the process of rescue, if it is found that the skin of the electric shock person turns from purple to red and the pupil changes from big to small, it shows that the rescue has achieved results; If you find that the electrocuted person's lips are slightly open or closed, or his eyelids are moving, or there is something to swallow between his throat, you should pay attention to whether he has spontaneous heartbeat and spontaneous breathing. When the person who gets an electric shock can breathe spontaneously, he can stop breathing. If the person who gets an electric shock cannot breathe spontaneously after artificial respiration stops, artificial respiration should be performed again immediately. In the process of first aid, if the person who gets an electric shock has a dead point or his body is stiff and cold, he can't stop the rescue until the doctor makes a hopeless diagnosis.
It is especially important to note that adrenaline should not be injected when the heart of the electrocuted person is still beating.