The laboratory preparation of chlorine gas is as follows:
1. Preparation before the experiment: According to the laboratory conditions, set up the equipment for preparing chlorine gas, including beakers, separatory funnels, and iron stands. , catheter, etc. Prepare reagents such as manganese dioxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide solution.
2. Experimental operation: Add an appropriate amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid and manganese dioxide into the beaker. Add the concentrated hydrochloric acid from the separatory funnel to the beaker and mix with the manganese dioxide. Heating the mixture in the beaker causes an oxidation-reduction reaction to occur, producing chlorine gas. The generated chlorine gas is conducted through a catheter into a sodium hydroxide solution so that excess chlorine gas can be absorbed. Introduce the chlorine gas into the gas collecting bottle through the dry pipe to collect the chlorine gas.
3. Experimental precautions: Avoid open flames or high temperatures during the experiment to avoid danger; pay attention to safety when adding reagents and avoid contact with skin or inhalation of gases; control the temperature when heating the mixture to avoid Cause the mixture to splash or explode; when collecting chlorine gas, pay attention to sealing the gas collecting bottle to prevent chlorine gas from leaking; when dealing with excess chlorine gas, use sodium hydroxide solution to absorb it to avoid polluting the environment.
Applications of chlorine:
1. Disinfection and sterilization: Chlorine has strong oxidizing properties and can kill bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms. Therefore, chlorine is widely used in drinking water disinfection, swimming pool water treatment, medical equipment disinfection and other occasions.
2. Chemical production: Chlorine is an important raw material for many chemicals. For example, chlorine gas can be used to make chemical products such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber, and chlorinated plastics. These products are widely used in construction, automobile, electronics and other fields.
3. Bleaching and dyeing: Chlorine can react with organic matter to generate chloride with bleaching effect. Therefore, chlorine is used for bleaching and dyeing textiles. In addition, chlorine can also be used for bleaching in the paper industry.
4. Pesticides and herbicides: Chlorine can be used to make some pesticides and herbicides. These products can help farmers control pests, diseases, and weeds and improve crop yields and quality.
5. Steel industry: Chlorine can be used for desulfurization in the steel industry. During this process, chlorine gas reacts with the sulfur in the iron ore to generate chloride, thereby achieving the purpose of desulfurization. This treatment improves the quality and performance of the steel.