The quality of glasses is good or bad, directly affecting the health of people's eyesight, a pair of quality glasses can make people's eyes bright, and a pair of unqualified or poor quality glasses, direct harm to the eyes, resulting in headaches, eye distension, nausea, vision loss affecting people's health. So, here is my basic knowledge of optometry for you to organize, welcome to read and browse.
1, what is called medical optometry?
Medical optometry is to check whether the eyes have refractive error status through ophthalmology professional optometry.
2. What are the steps of a medical eye examination?
(1) General: record the patient's name, gender, age, occupation, mailing address.
(2) check distance and near naked eye vision: must carefully and accurately check the patient's distance and near naked eye vision. Anyone who has worn glasses, should measure the corrected visual acuity of the lens, and measure the refraction of the lens, one by one to be recorded. Generally speaking, through the far and near naked eye visual acuity examination, the initial understanding of the patient may have what type of refractive error. If the distance vision is poor, the near vision is good, the possibility of myopia; distance vision is good, the near vision is poor, the possibility of farsightedness or presbyopia; distance vision and near vision are poor, may be a high degree of hyperopia and astigmatism.
(3) Check the eye position: if it is internal occultation, myopia must be matched with lighter, hyperopia must be matched with deeper; if it is external occultation, myopia must be matched with deeper, hyperopia must be matched with lighter.
(4) Check the accommodation: if the accommodation is strong, the myopic eye must be fitted with lighter, the hyperopic eye must be fitted with deeper; if the accommodation is weak, the myopic eye must be fitted with deeper, the hyperopic eye must be fitted with lighter.
(5) Binocular balance: Binocular adjustment must be balanced. Adjustment is used to see objects at close range, and when both eyes are balanced, the adjustment will be the same when looking at close objects, which will not easily cause visual fatigue.
(6) Dilated optometry: patients under 12 years old must use atropine to paralyze the ciliary muscle before optometry, in order to avoid the false correction of pseudomyopia and because of the child's own strong adjustment, the examination can not check the degree of its real hyperopia, which causes hyperopia is not enough to correct, especially high hyperopic strabismus and amblyopia, hyperopia is not enough to correct, can not promote the development of its visual function, and the regulation of strabismus can not be reasonably treated. be reasonably treated. Children with atropine ophthalmic solution should pay attention to press the lacrimal sac for 5 minutes, so as to avoid the occurrence of atropine absorption systemic toxic reactions, such as flushing, increased heart rate, dry mouth, and even convulsions, etc. Once the above symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and consult the doctor in a timely manner. 40 years old or younger patients, generally when tolpikamide dilates the pupil after the optometric examination for the appropriate, but glaucoma or suspected glaucoma should not dilate the pupil. 40 years old or older, the pupil dilated with Neofolin ( If you are over 40 years old, you should use Neofrin (norepinephrine) to dilate your pupils and check your eyesight.
(7) pupil return to normal after the main sense of optometry trial: all dilated pupil optometry, in addition to children and low intelligence uncooperative, should be in the shrinking pupil after the re-test lenses, and then combined with the nature of their work, habits, physical condition and other aspects of the situation, to determine the prescription.
(8) Pupil distance is appropriate: the measurement of the pupil distance should be accurate and appropriate treatment. When prescribing the lens pupil distance (the distance between the optical centers of the two lenses), the farsighted lenses should be slightly larger, and the myopic lenses should be slightly smaller, so as to maintain binocular monovision with the help of the prismatic effect of the lenses.
3, glasses to correct refractive error principle?
Myopia: Myopia should be the smallest number of glasses to achieve the best corrected visual acuity as a principle, the general visual acuity of 1.0 can be. Pseudomyopia or mild myopia glasses can be worn infrequently, medium and high myopia glasses need to be worn frequently.
Farsightedness: The prescription of glasses for farsightedness should be based on the principle of achieving the best corrected visual acuity with the maximum number of diopters. Hyperopia glasses need to be worn regularly whether they are low, medium or high.
Astigmatism: astigmatism, such as visual fatigue and vision loss, even if the degree is very low, must be corrected with column lenses; if the degree is too high, it can be corrected by a low degree, and then gradually increase the degree; astigmatism spectacles must be worn frequently.
Refractive error: the difference between the general refractive error of the two eyes is not more than 4.00D, according to the above principles of prescription lenses. More than 4.00D, no diplopia patients, can also be in accordance with the above principles. If there is diplopia, the higher refractive error can be reduced and the lower refractive error can be corrected. If the refractive error is large, contact lenses are more effective; post-cataract surgery aphakic eyes can be corrected with corneal contact lenses.
Children with refractive error should be corrected as much as possible to avoid affecting the normal development of visual function.
4. How to choose ordinary soft contact lenses, RGP lenses and OK lenses?
Corneal contact lenses, commonly known as contact lenses, are divided into soft lenses and hard lenses.
Regular soft contact lenses are the most commonly used corneal contact lenses. It is characterized by easy fitting and comfortable wearing. They are categorized into traditional (long replacement cycle), regular replacement and disposable according to the lens replacement method. Patients with normal refractive errors can wear soft contact lenses to correct their vision, especially for those with large differences in refractive error between both eyes (refractive error), irregular astigmatism and moderate-to-severe astigmatism, and those engaged in special occupations, such as sports and actors, etc. It is very suitable for people who want to correct their vision. Contact lens wearers should pay attention to the prevention of corneal hypoxia and infection, * papillary conjunctivitis and other ocular surface diseases. It is currently believed that the replacement cycle of soft lenses should not be too long, and should be replaced diligently to maintain the health of the ocular surface.
Hard lenses: generally refers to rigid oxygen permeable corneal contact lenses (RGP), which is characterized by strong oxygen permeability, anti-protein precipitation, easy care, the best quality of optical imaging, but the fitting is more complex, the wearer needs a certain period of adaptation.RGP is good at correcting astigmatism. Some specially designed hard lenses can also be used for vision correction of certain eye diseases, such as cone cornea, irregular cornea.
Keratoconus (OK lenses): is the use of specially designed high oxygen permeable hard lenses, through mechanical compression, the massage effect of lens movement and the hydraulic effect of tears, is the central cornea flattening, to achieve the role of reducing myopia. It is effective in treating and controlling the developmental myopia of adolescents with myopia below -3.00D. However, due to the complexity of the fitting, improper use can easily cause serious complications, and must be standardized by medical professionals, and should pay special attention to the occurrence of complications on the ocular surface when wearing.
5, how to correctly select the right glasses?
Patients with refractive errors must undergo a strict refractive error check and pupil distance measurement, and then customized glasses, do not blindly buy finished glasses.
High myopia and hyperopia should use thin lenses with high refractive index. High myopia, hyperopia should not choose to use a large frame, so as to avoid the inaccuracy of the pupillary distance and lens thickness, as well as serious prismatic effect and produce visual distortion and other discomfort.
Primary school students should choose the safer resin lenses to avoid rupture of the lenses and injury to the eyes.
After the lens should pay attention to the quality of the glasses: the refractive error of the lens must meet the national standards, the optical center of the lens and the pupil distance should be consistent. The frame and lens assembly should be matched, and the surface of the lens should not have bubbles, pockmarks, light and film phenomenon. The brackets and legs of the frames must be strictly adjusted according to the individual's face shape.
6, glasses care common sense?
Resin lenses should not be wiped often, it is best to use flowing water to rinse the lens before wiping.
Where the film lens is best not to use any chemicals to wipe, so as not to damage the lens and its membrane layer.
Do not place the convex surface of the lens on the table to avoid rubbing the lens.
Eyeglasses should not be lent to others, as each person's refraction and face shape is different, which can cause damage to the eyes and frames and make wearing them uncomfortable.
Wearing glasses should pay attention to avoid intense impact sports activities. To prevent the frame, lens rupture and damage to glasses and face.
When the frame is deformed and the screws are loose, you should stop using the glasses and go to the dispensing center in time to adjust and repair them. Don't just break down and repair your own glasses to destroy the overall feeling of wearing.
Remove the glasses should be both hands at the same time even force, from the front of the face carefully removed. Do not take off and put on with one hand, so as not to cause deformation of the frame or lens breakage.
The glasses should be washed with water and dried with a soft cloth in time to avoid rusting of the frame.
Hairdressing products, cosmetics, sweat and oil are one of the reasons why frames are discolored and the film layer is peeled off, so they should be cleaned in time at the eyeglasses center.
When wiping rimless glasses, you should hold the outer edge of the lens to be wiped with your hand, if you hold the other side of the lens, it is easy to cause the frame to break.
Overheating temperature is easy to cause the lens surface membrane peeling, cracking; frames are easy to discoloration, deterioration, so do not put the glasses near the heat source.
People who are allergic to metal should use plastic frames, plate frames or non-plated frames that do not harm human skin.
Because the lenses of rimless glasses are fixed with screws, the lenses are concentrated at the perforations and are prone to break when impacted by accidental forces, so be careful when using them. When the screws are loosened, the whole frame is easy to deform, so please pay attention to regular adjustments at the optical store.
7, eyeglasses measuring instruments, including optometry lens box for optometry, computerized optometry, used to measure the degree of spectacle lenses of the pyrometer and used to determine the pupillary distance of the human eye pupilometer or pupilometer. Spectacles measuring instruments belong to the national mandatory verification of measuring instruments, according to the "Chinese People's *** and State Measurement Law" must be sent to the local measurement department on time for the cycle of verification by professional and technical personnel using the relevant standards, equipment for these spectacles measuring instruments, comparison, by way of transmission of value to ensure the accuracy of the value of these instruments.
To the optical store optometry and glasses, consumers should check whether the store is equipped with a focus meter, optometry lens box, computerized optometry and other measuring instruments, whether it has the validity of the certificate of conformity. If the eyeglasses store used without calibration or calibration of unqualified measuring instruments, then the accuracy and quality of optometry and prescription glasses can not be guaranteed, encountered such a situation, the consumer can be to the Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision complaints and reports.
Consumers to optometry, optical dispensing, should pay attention to the following issues:
Do not go to the optician, eyeglasses wholesale department or hospital ophthalmology for optometry and dispensing glasses without measuring instruments such as calibrated focal length meter, optometry lens box, etc. Consumers should ask for the examination and dispensing list, quality of the three packs of cards and invoices when dispensing glasses and pay attention to choose more than a few eyeglasses store for comparison, according to its technical strength, quality, service level and quality of the glasses and dispensing glasses. When choosing glasses, you should pay attention to choosing several optical shops to compare according to their technology, quality, service level and price, choose the suitable optical store to dispense glasses, the price of glasses, glasses is a special kind of commodities, you can't choose glasses simply by the price of glasses, it is more important to get the quality of glasses and the corresponding service in accordance with the price, don't go to the stalls to buy low-quality and cheap glasses.