What is nds and what is its function? Please introduce it in detail.

Full name: Nintendo Dual Screen (NDS)

NDS is a new generation of handhelds used by Nintendo to replace Game Boy(GB) series. The biggest difference from the current PSP host is that it has two screens, and the lower screen is a touch screen.

Edit this NDS function

standard

When folded: 84.7× 148.7×28.9mm, weighing 275g (including battery and stylus).

CPU:

Arm9CPU and ARM7 CPU, with newly developed image engines, can show more beautiful pictures.

Screen:

Dual-screen design, 3-inch transflective TFT color display liquid crystal, with backlight function, 256× 192 pixels, 260,000 colors, and the lower screen has the function of anti-film transparency, analog touch.

Socket/slot

DS games with slot machines

GBA game with slot

Stereo headphone/microphone jack

Wireless communication function

Radio wave receiving distance: 10M-30M (depending on the surrounding environment)

Corresponding to IEEE802. 1 1 and Nintendo's unique communication frequency.

According to the game settings, multiple players can use 1 game card to play the game at the same time.

sound

Built-in stereo speaker (virtual surround effect can be achieved according to game settings)

Other functions

Touch screen calibration system

Built-in clock (display date, time/alarm function)

Built-in "Pict Chat" can realize wireless communication of words or pictures for up to 16 people.

Custom settings

User intelligence settings

Switch between startup modes

You can set the on-screen display or off-screen display of GBA games.

Languages used: Japanese, English, German, French, Spanish and Italian.

Battery/power supply

With DC power supply

Built-in rechargeable lithium battery

Fully charged time: 4 hours

There are also power-saving functions such as sleep mode.

Battery duration: about 6- 10 hour (depending on the software used)

Edit NDS-specific parameters in this paragraph.

Main CPU processor ARM946E-S (67MHz)

Cache memory instruction cache 8KB, data cache 4KB.

Auxiliary processor ARM7TDMI (33MHz) (note: same design as GBA CPU, but faster)

Memory main memory 4MB

The memory of ARM7/ARM9 *** is 32KB (16KB×2).

ARM7 dedicated internal working memory 64KB

Video memory 656KB

LCD resolution Two independent 256× 192 LCD screens.

Number of colors: 260,000 colors (6 digits for each R:G:B)

2D painting ability has the largest background scrolling. 4-sided

The maximum number of animation splicing roles is 128.

2D drawing ability, coordinate transformation ability, up to 4 million vertices per second.

The maximum polygon drawing capacity is 654.38+200,000 polygons per second.

The maximum pixel filling rate is 30 million pixels per second.

Sound effect function 16 channel PCM/ADPCM (can be set as PSG sound source, up to 8 channels)

Microphone input function

Wireless communication is a proprietary specification based on IEEE802. 1 1 (NDS supports 16 host connections at most).

Operation mode Only one screen has touch function.

Cross button, start selection button

Power control corresponds to sleep mode.

Corresponding to the power saving control function of 2D 3D drawing engine and LCD screen.

Edit NDS-in this paragraph-a comprehensive analysis of hardware performance.

High performance embedded processor

ARM946E-S and ARM7TDMI are embedded 32-bit RISC CPUs developed by advanced RISC machines, which are widely used in automotive electronic equipment, mobile phones, hard disk drives, modems, industrial control, mass storage, network communication, wireless communication and various consumer entertainment electronic products. It has the advantages of low power consumption, high performance, small size and low price. Very suitable for handheld use. The ARM946E-S is the main CPU with the speed of 1-67MHz, which will be responsible for the main 3D and 2D operations. In order to make its operation speed faster, Nintendo has equipped it with large-capacity caches: instruction cache (8KByte), data cache (4KByte).TCM (tightly coupled memory): instruction cache (instruction cache) is 32KBy te, and data cache (data cache) is 16KByte, which is already very large for a personal computer. One is to increase the cache of the processor, and its speed is generally the same as the clock frequency of the processor or 1/2 speed]. ARM946E-S is a kernel with five-stage pipeline, which integrates Thumb extension function, debugging function and Harvard bus. Under the same process, its performance is more than twice that of ARM7TDMI. There is also an enhanced DSP instruction set, which can be used for applications requiring control and DSP. Very suitable for NDS architecture [note: because NDS's 2D graphics engine and 3D graphics engine are both DSP types]. ARM7TDMI appears as an auxiliary CPU in NDS. The operation of ARM946E-S is mainly assisted by 2D graphics engine and 3D graphics engine, which achieves the declared performance index and is compatible with GBA control I/O and other devices. Equipped with off-chip 64K dedicated memory. It is a small, high-performance, low-power integrated 32-bit RISC processor core, originally developed for portable communication devices. The speed is 1-33 MHz. The ARM946E-S and ARM7TDMI are both produced by 0. 18um process, and * * enjoys 32KByte (16Kbyte x2) off-chip dedicated memory. In this way, the ARM946E-S and ARM7TDMI can effectively perform performance close to R4000A (that is, the processor of N64 is not the same model as the R4000 of PSP, and the circuit architecture is completely different).

memory

In order to achieve the same picture effect as the N64 game, NDS integrates 4MB of main memory (the type is not VRAM). Compared with N64' s 4.5M, the texture of the map is bound to shrink. However, one problem that people ignore is the existence and function of CPU's dedicated cache (64k bytes) and * * * shared memory (32k bytes). Nintendo also designed its 3D engine.

2D graphics engine

This time, in order to enhance the function of NDS, a 2D graphics engine is integrated to assist the processing power of two CPUs. But do you find that the 2D performance of NDS and GBA has not improved at all? What happened? Because 2D should also show a powerful picture [note: it is the background of 3D, the expression form of 2D], which is why 2D should be integrated to assist CPU], which not only improves the fineness of 2D elements, but also does not affect the expression of 3D. In addition, the number of hair colors in 2D pictures is more and the resolution is higher.

3D engine with N64 level function

When Nintendo announced that the function of NDS could surpass PS and rival N64, many players wondered whether ARM946E-S and ARM7TDMI were not as good as R4000A in number and frequency. Can NDS really do what Nintendo claims? The answer is yes. Because NDS integrates a 3D engine to help the CPU perform geometric operations. It can calculate 4 million vertices per second (this is the calculation amount when all vertices are connected together), 1.2 million deformation (actually, it should be able to display more, because the vertices of large objects such as 3D background are connected together) and the filling rate of 30 million pixels, which makes NDS achieve the 3D function comparable to N64. On the basis of the special effects supported by N64, NDS has the effect of fog (making objects have the characteristics of fog. The principle of this special effect is to add white composition according to the distance to reduce the contrast between light and dark. It is different from the representation of real fog such as body fog. ) and cartoon rendering (adding outline on the edge of the material and making a few colors change gradually to produce cartoon effect or not using outline, only using color gradient to realize cartoon rendering such as wind stick).

The sound system beyond SFC is comparable to PS.

NDS has 16 PCM sound source, which is far more than SF*' s 8, so that **S can perfectly express the voice and sound effects close to CD quality, making it possible for music games to appear on NDS.

Convenient wireless connection

NDS is equipped with Wi-Fi wireless connection function, corresponding to IEEE802. 1 1 wireless network standard. Allows 16 players to enjoy a cassette within 10 meters.

Perfect operation button

In order to make up for the embarrassing situation that GBA operation keys are not enough, NDS adds X Y keys, which makes the game operation in NDS more diversified and perfect, more in line with the operating standards of future handheld games, and makes it possible for new types of games to appear on NDS.

Enhanced cassette medium

DS cassette adopts the storage technology of matrix semiconductor, which enables Nintendo to produce cassettes faster and cheaper. The cost of each cassette produced by a third-party manufacturer is about $ 6- 10, which greatly reduces the cost and price of cassette production by game manufacturers. Moreover, the capacity of the cassette is greatly increased to 1 Gbit, which makes the game screen more beautiful and the growth of game time is not limited by the capacity. Another advantage is that the cassette can be equipped with a special DSP to enhance the picture effect of the game. Have you forgotten the MD SFC era? With DSP, the 2D function of MD SFC can be upgraded and 3D function can be realized, while NDS can upgrade its own function for PSP.

Edit NDS-in this paragraph-sales situation

It was launched in North America on June 5438+065438+1October 2 1, then in Japan on February 2, 2004, then in Taiwan Province Province in mid-February 2004 and in Europe on March 2005 1 1.

China was launched by Shen You Science and Technology, a local manufacturer, with the name "iQue DS(iDS)" and went on sale on July 23rd, 2005. Pricing is RMB 1, 5 18 (including one GBA and one NDS game).

On March 2, 2006, a new model named DS Lite was released in Japan. The old DS was gradually discontinued and replaced by DS Lite. It was launched in Australia on June 1 2006, in North America on June 1 1 2006, in Europe on June 23rd, 2006, in Taiwan Province Province at the end of June, and in Chinese mainland on June 29th, 2006.

At the end of July, 2006, Nintendo officially announced that the sales of DS consoles in Japan exceeded 6.5438+million units, making it the fastest-selling console in the history of Japanese video games. By the end of June 2007, Nintendo DS had sold about 65 million units worldwide, including 210.5 million units in Japan, 20.5 million units in the United States and 23 million units in Europe, with a weekly sales volume of about 700,000 units.

Edit this NDS- Palace masterpiece

NDS In addition to a series of Nintendo original classic games such as Pokémon, Mario, Animal Forest and Legend of Salda, the Japanese game production company SQUARE-ENIX announced in February 2006 that it would develop the ninth-generation national treasure role-playing game Fight the Dragon on NDS. Later, the fourth generation of the brave fighting the dragon was copied and distributed on NDS, and it is expected that the fifth and sixth generations will also be carried out.

Dragon Warrior series and Final Fantasy series have always been regarded as the two most successful role-playing games in Japanese game history, and the former has always tended to be sold on the most popular models. For the next few episodes of Dragon Warrior, it was decided to release them on NDS instead of the next generation console as expected, which undoubtedly convinced the outside world that NDS would dominate the game console market in the future.

In addition, NDS has developed many interesting and classic new series of works, such as brain exercise series, soft-hearted gymnastics academy series, etc., which have aroused the popularity of puzzle and brain-strengthening games around the world. The new concept of music rhythm game rescue group series, surgical medical game super knife series, cooking practice game wonderful cook series, super popular pet game Nintendo series, adventure decryption game different color double memory and lost blue series also fully played NDS functions.