On August 28th, Yinchuan Housing Provident Fund Management Center issued a new policy that residents can withdraw provident fund by installing elevators in existing buildings;
On the same day, the "Regulations on Elevator Safety Management in Xiamen Special Economic Zone (Draft)" submitted to the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress for deliberation proposed that the owners can withdraw the housing provident fund in accordance with relevant regulations to pay for elevator renewal, renovation and maintenance;
/kloc-The item "Adding elevators to existing houses" was added to the Administrative Measures for the Withdrawal of Housing Provident Funds in Chengdu, which was formally implemented in September, 2000. ...
At present, many cities in China, including 16 trillion cities, have issued policy opinions related to "installing more elevators". The continuous renewal of the provident fund policy is considered to be intended to mobilize the enthusiasm of residents, attract more people to participate, and accelerate the transformation of old communities.
Some friends don't understand that there is a lot of work that needs to be "accelerated" in various places. How important is the renovation of old residential areas?
In terms of quantity, it involves 6.5438+0.7 million communities and hundreds of millions of residents across the country, covering a large area; According to the agency's forecast, this is also a blue ocean market with an imagination of more than 2 trillion yuan. In the words of Yan Huang, Vice Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the transformation of old residential areas "not only guarantees people's livelihood, but also stabilizes investment and stimulates domestic demand."
It can be seen that since it was written into this year's government work report, the importance of this work has been continuously strengthened:
On June 19, the State Council held an executive meeting to deploy and promote the work related to the transformation of old urban communities.
On July 30th, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting pointed out that it is necessary to stabilize the investment in manufacturing industry, implement short-board projects such as the renovation of old urban residential areas, the construction of urban parking lots and urban and rural cold chain logistics facilities, and accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as information networks.
On July 3 1, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) once again proposed to encourage community medical care, old-age care, housekeeping and other living facilities to be included in the renovation scope of old residential areas, give financial and tax support, and create a convenient consumption circle.
However, the transformation is complex and concrete. How to really improve the quality of the community and satisfy the residents still leaves much to be considered and improved.
Last week, Uncle Cheng attended a top academic conference on urban planning and chatted with professionals, hoping to share the problems found in the previous pilot.
It is not easy to install the elevator.
Old residential areas refer to residential areas with long construction time, aging municipal supporting facilities and lack of public services. In the current reports on the renovation of old residential areas, "elevator" is undoubtedly a focus.
Although the government has repeatedly stressed that this is a reflection of creating a convenient living environment for the empty nest, disabled and bereaved elderly, and it is a transformation of "adapting to aging"-even for the elderly, it is quite difficult for young people to climb six floors after work every day. But it is not easy to "install" elevators in the community.
Take Shanghai as an example. According to statistics, there are more than 50,000 old buildings in this city, among which the total number of elevators ranks first in the world for many years in a row, and most of them are not equipped with elevators. A previous questionnaire survey showed that 89.3% of the elderly in Shanghai 1053 expressed their willingness to install elevators.
On the other hand, as of April this year, 429 apartments in Shanghai have completed the installation of elevators through consultation among residents, but only 137 apartments have been completed and put into use, and 73 apartments are still under construction. This figure, in front of more than 50 thousand old buildings in the city, is tantamount to a drop in the bucket.
Why is it so difficult? A key contradiction is that residents on different floors of each building have different needs for elevators. In this regard, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development also sees it this way.
"For example, a six-story building may be willing to install more than three floors. The higher the floor, the stronger the residents' wishes. However, for the first floor or the second floor, because the demand is not urgent, it feels that it occupies public space, which may damage its interests more or less. " Yan Huang said.
Different needs, in more realistic terms, are still a question of "money".
At present, most of the residents in the old community are retired people with low income. It is really stressful to spend tens of thousands of yuan at one time, and some houses are rented for a long time, and there is no owner to stay, so naturally they are not willing to invest in installing elevators.
"The total cost of installing an elevator is generally 600,000-700,000, which does not include the later operation and maintenance costs. According to this estimate, a family ranges from 70,000 to 80,000, and more. " "In some communities that successfully installed elevators, after one year, the cost of electricity and maintenance exceeded 6.5438+0 million. If the previous discussion does not involve the later cost, new contradictions will arise after installation and use for a period of time. " During the "two sessions" in Shanghai this year, many NPC deputies mentioned this issue.
Therefore, local governments are also trying to solve the funding problem.
At present, Guangzhou, Chengdu and other places not only explicitly give elevator subsidies, but also support the withdrawal of provident fund. By introducing social capital, Beijing, Nanjing and other places have changed the owner's self-construction into paid leasing mode, hoping to meet the diversified needs of residents on different floors for elevators.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in 20 18 years, more than 4000 elevators were installed in old residential areas in China, and more than 7000 elevators were under construction. In the words of Yan Huang, "this work is advancing in all directions."
Pilot exposure problem
An elevator is still like this. If you want to completely update the public facilities in the community, the difficulty coefficient can be imagined.
At the end of 20 17, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development selected 15 city to carry out a pilot project, aiming at exploring a new model for the transformation of old urban communities and providing replicable and scalable experience for comprehensive promotion.
Guangzhou, Shaoguan, Liuzhou, Qinhuangdao, Zhangjiakou, Xuchang, Xiamen, Yichang, Changsha, Zibo, Hohhot, Shenyang, Anshan, Panzhihua and Ningbo.
By the end of last year, in 65438+February, the pilot city * * had completed the renovation of 106 old residential quarters, benefiting 59,000 households.
But at the same time, it also "tried" many problems. Chou Baoxing, Counselor of the State Council and Chairman of China Urban Science Research Association, summarized five aspects:
Emphasis on individual transformation, but the overall design emphasizes the will of the chief executive and lacks public participation.
Emphasis on departmental extension and lack of "public center"
Emphasis on "wearing boots and hats" lacks basic needs.
Emphasis on hardware transformation, lack of software management.
Take personal decoration as an example. Today, we talked about the renovation of doors and windows, and later we talked about the need to repair underground pipelines. Different departments have different renovation plans all day long, and as a result, everyone is at a loss. What is lacking is the overall planning and design before the transformation.
In his view, if the elevator and parking space can be combined into a whole, "for example, giving a free parking space" is expected to solve the problem of installing elevators.
Chou Baoxing also said that some architectural academicians didn't even know about the renovation of their own communities, because no one informed him to participate in the renovation of their homes, so they were "settled" by the relevant departments.
There are also management issues. The so-called "three-point construction and seven-point management", Chou Baoxing said, if we don't pay attention to management, the transformed hardware will fail after a period of time.
In Li's view, the current problems mainly focus on construction and management. The chief engineer of the master plan municipal institute of China Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. just participated in the research activities on the transformation of old urban communities organized by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development last month.
Having been to many places, his personal feeling is that the problems exposed are "shocking" and the gap between different places is "unprecedented".
In fact, not long ago, Yan Huang also openly talked about three major difficulties in the renovation of old residential areas, including the overall coordination and promotion of local governments, the establishment of follow-up management mechanism after the renovation of residential areas, and the issue of fund raising.
Regarding management, Yan Huang bluntly said that many old residential areas have been built for more than 20 years, and most of these residential areas lack property management. At the same time, even if the transformation is implemented, there is no long-term maintenance and operation management mechanism, and the effect after the transformation is difficult to maintain for a long time.
"Now residents in old communities often have no habit of paying for services. Residents didn't pay the property fee. Although the transformation effect is quite good after the transformation, residents need to pay property fees, which requires a process of ideological change. " Yan Huang said.
Where is the way out?
The problem is not small, how to solve it?
Chou Baoxing believes that the key first lies in the overall design, such as using digital technology to make planning drawings more vivid and intuitive, so that the needs of residents in old residential areas can be met by "ordering food".
To do this, we must first find the "object".
Chou Baoxing suggested that through professional software or expert evaluation, all localities can carry out the selection activities of "the best community" and "the worst community" in cities, so as to improve the enthusiasm and participation of residents in the renovation and "make the communities that need renovation stand out".
On the specific technical level, the transformation of old residential areas can be divided into "necessary items" and "expansion items" The former mainly includes pipe network transformation, aging transformation, three-dimensional parking lot, garbage sorting treatment and so on. And the latter involves community greening, external access, sponge community transformation and so on.
However, in the long run, before the technology comes to the ground, we still need to solve a conceptual problem-our city is a complex giant system and needs holistic thinking.
Many experts pointed out that it is difficult to promote the renovation of old residential areas, and some even turned into public disputes. The biggest resistance lies in the "difficult to adjust" and the game between multiple stakeholders.
In the words of Yu, president of the Landscape Design and Research Institute of Peking University, "Small decisions are the root of all problems. Where is the way out? It is system integration. "
A qualified urban planning system is not the pursuit of the largest scale, nor is it a completely ideal state, but it must be a "balanced solution" after comprehensively considering the interests of every individual in the city.
As the smallest social unit in the city, the transformed community also needs this.
As Chou Baoxing said, the transformation of old residential areas, a new trillion-dollar investment field, will make a great contribution to the development of green buildings, which will give birth to many new industries, but it is more important to "improve the quality of life and investment environment of cities with people as the center."
It should be pointed out that the city, as an organism, always has the dual challenges of birth and decline, retention and elimination, protection and development. According to Yan Huang, in the future, the focus of urban construction management will be more on the stock, that is, urban renewal, improvement and protection.
Maybe one day, the multiple-choice questions of community transformation will also be given to you.