Contemporary scientific and technological progress and the rapid development of social productivity, accelerated the process of human civilization, at the same time, human society is also facing a series of major environmental and development issues of serious challenges. Population growth, over-consumption of resources, climate change, environmental pollution and ecological damage threaten the survival and development of mankind. In the face of this grim reality, people are forced to re-examine and re-evaluate the concepts of urban development and the value systems that we now espouse as our creed. Many people are coming to realize that human beings are part of the natural system and are closely related to the environment they support. In urban development and construction, we must today prioritize the ecological environment on an equal footing with the economic and social, and at the same time be more far-sighted in our consideration of the rational use of finite resources, as stated in the Rio de Janeiro Declaration of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. This is the basic connotation of the idea of "sustainable development" put forward in the "Rio de Janeiro Declaration" of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. That is to say, we should change the predatory or even destructive development mode at the expense of the environment, and move from the traditional resource-based development mode to the ecological development mode with a virtuous cycle, so as to promote the coordinated development of the economy, society and the environment.
Sustainable economic development is the premise and foundation of social development, sustainable social development is the result and purpose of economic development, sustainable development of the environment and ecological development is the condition of economic and social development, the building is a synthesis of the three. This new view of development will inevitably lead to the emergence of a new view of architecture - sustainable development of the building concept, that is, the protection of ecology, to create a sustainable human living environment, is the basic task of the 21st century building, green building and its research and practice is to achieve such a goal and put forward.
1, what is the green building system
Green building system is based on the principle of virtuous cycle of the ecosystem, based on the "green" economy, "green" society as the connotation of "green" technology as a support, "green" technology as a support, "green" technology as a support, "green" technology as a support, "green" technology as a support, "green" technology as a support, "green" technology as a support. Green building system is a new type of building system based on the principle of virtuous cycle of ecosystem, based on "green" economy, "green" society, "green" technology and "green" environment. In terms of research, it integrates nature, human beings and artifacts into a unified research field, not only studying human life, production and the form of artifacts, but also studying the natural development law on which human beings rely on for survival, and studying the interrelationships between human beings, nature and architecture. In terms of objectives, it pursues the harmonious and balanced development of human beings (production and life), architecture and nature. In terms of methodology, it advocates "design following nature". In terms of technology, it advocates the application of building technology that promotes the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem, does not pollute the environment, and is highly efficient, energy-saving and water-saving. Green building represents an efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable building that adapts itself to the local ecology without destroying it. What it seeks is
a sustainable building model. A green building gives life to a building. It is an intelligent and adjustable system that can actively interact with the environment.
2. The energy view of green building---energy saving and environment
Modern building is a kind of building that overly relies on limited energy. Energy means life for those buildings that use a lot of artificial lighting and mechanical air-conditioning, and high energy consumption, low efficiency of the building, not only is an important factor leading to energy constraints, and make it a culprit in the creation of atmospheric pollution. It is estimated that 50 % of the world's energy is consumed in the construction and use of buildings. In order to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources, green building advocates adjusting or changing the current design concepts and methods, so that the building from high energy consumption to the direction of low energy consumption, relying on energy-saving technologies, improve energy efficiency and the development of new energy sources, so that the building gradually get rid of excessive dependence on traditional energy sources, to achieve a certain degree of self-sufficiency in the use of energy. Japanese scholars concluded that: in the overall environmental pollution in the construction industry related to environmental pollution accounted for 34%, including air pollution, light pollution, electromagnetic pollution and so on. And ecological environmental protection is the pursuit of green building. Therefore, green building design must be in-depth to the entire building life cycle to examine and assess the building energy consumption and its impact on the environment, the establishment of a comprehensive view of energy. First of all, we must focus on the development and optimization of thermal insulation materials and structures to improve the performance of the building thermal environment. For example, in the internal and external surfaces of the building or the outer structure of the air layer, the use of high-efficiency heat-emitting materials, most of the infrared rays can be reflected back to the building to play a role in heat preservation and insulation. At present, the United States has carried out large-scale production of heat-reflective film, mainly for building energy efficiency. In addition, the use of energy-efficient glass, silicon aerogel - a new type of energy-saving wall materials to improve energy efficiency; second, the development of renewable energy (such as solar, nuclear, wind, water) collection, storage devices and heat recovery devices. Solar energy is one of the most abundant, convenient, non-polluting green energy, in recent years in China's Tianjin, Beijing, Gansu, Hebei and other provinces and cities to establish a 17 passive solar thermostatic housing, to the building itself as a solar energy collector, so as to achieve the purpose of heating and cooling inside the house.
3, green building design concept --- building and climate
Modern economic development and scientific and technological advances, so that human beings can use mechanical air-conditioning to improve the living and working environment, which is naturally the fortunate human beings, but the high energy consumption of such a contrary to the climate environment, the building makes us pay a huge economic cost. However, this kind of high energy-consumption building, which is against the climate environment, makes us pay a huge economic and energy cost, and at the same time increases the pollution of the ecological environment, and to a large extent separates the residents from the natural environment artificially. In order to overcome the negative impacts of the current building model on human beings, green building focuses on the relationship between regional climate and architecture, and takes the design that takes into account the characteristics of the local climate as one of the basic methods of green building, which is a systematic method of designing buildings in accordance with the comfort requirements of human beings and climatic conditions, i.e., according to the characteristics of the local climate, applying the principle of architectural physics, and rationally organizing various architectural factors. In fact, human comfort for the environment, health needs, often without the current air-conditioning equipment can be satisfied, such as: China's northern Shaanxi kilns in - 20 ℃ or so under the climate, its indoor is surrounded by the earth, but still maintains a 15 ℃ up and down the comfort of the room temperature; and the dry appendices of the West Shuangbanna residence in the hot climate, you can still create a cool space indoors. Therefore, from a green building design point of view, nature is the main provider, while auxiliary equipment systems are secondary. Thus much of the lighting can be provided by sunlight, cooling by moving air, heating by the human body and office equipment, and these resources can be supplemented by other natural means: solar heating, natural ventilation by wind pressure and solar buoyancy, and cooling by evaporation of water. Designing for local climate is an approach that can be used at any technical level, because in green buildings the various elements contained in the climate are considered as resources, and making full use of climate resources and improving their utilization is the essence of designing for local climate. If the principle is combined with future intelligent technology, information technology, control technology and other energy-saving technologies, it will constitute a colorful green building prospects.
4, the technical view of green building --- technology and form
Green building is an intelligent, adjustable system that can actively interact with the environment. Therefore, it requires that the materials and structures of the outer layer of the building, on the one hand
as the interface of energy conversion, need to collect and convert natural energy and prevent energy loss; on the other hand, the outer layer must have the ability to regulate the climate to eliminate, slow down, or even change the fluctuation of the climate, so that the indoor climate tends to be stabilized, and the realization of this ideal, to a large extent, must rely on the future use of high technology in the construction of buildings widely. The realization of this ideal must depend largely on the future of high technology in the construction of a wide range of applications. First of all, environmentally friendly and energy-saving materials are necessary for green buildings, and it is necessary to assess the existing building materials and technologies for environmental protection and energy conservation, and put forward technological improvement and updating measures, so as to make them meet the requirements of environmental protection and energy conservation. With information technology, automation technology, new energy technology, new materials technology is increasingly mature, in the green building of these high technology will be widely used: such as building structures may be introduced into the principle of organisms, buried in the concrete fiber optic fiber, you can often monitor the components in the load under the stress conditions, self-repair of the concrete can be used in practice. Building surface materials, through the multi-functional organization of respiration, can purify the air inside the building, and reduce the temperature, shape memory alloy materials can be used for the adjustment of blinds or air conditioning system air vents open and close, automatic adjustment of the sun's rays, the solar cells on the surface of the building can provide the energy needed for heating and lighting, regardless of the use of any kind of technology, the green building is always based on the conservation of resources ( reduce), reuse (reduce), and reuse (reuse). No matter what kind of technology is used, green building is always based on several aspects such as resource saving (reduce), reuse and recycling. Secondly, the form of green building must be conducive to the collection of energy, the outer layer of the building will no longer be the dividing line between "inside" and "outside", but will gradually become a kind of interface with multiple functions. Green building materials and forms will be diverse, especially the outer material will be highly integrated, efficient multi-functional, and, with the development of high technology, the construction industry will maximize the absorption of various advanced technologies, to create a more suitable for human life, and a high degree of harmony with the nature of the high-tech built environment.
Green building is an emerging, dynamic and developing concept, it is with the progress of technology and society and gradually enrich its meaning. It can be predicted that the green building will become the use of scientific and technological means to seek harmony with nature **** survival, sustainable development of the ideal building model. At present, green building awareness has been attracting attention in many countries. Dutch housing program emphasizes the use of non-polluting building materials; Sweden, one of the largest residential banks announced in early 1995, only to green building loans.
The U.S. "Biosphere II" demonstration area research; Sweden's "eco-cycle city" program; by the famous Italian architect Adriolo. Trime Bory presided over by the famous Italian architect Adriolo, experts from all over Europe *** with the participation of the design, the use of a variety of high-tech, known as "the world's first eco-village" of St. Jomile Village has been in Spain, Iceland, Spain, and the United States. Jomil village has been implemented in Spain's Ibiza Island. Located in Northeast Ohio, OBERL IN College recently launched a 5 million U.S. dollars of environmental protection building design, half of the energy it requires by the curved roof on the plate solar photovoltaic power generation equipment supply, the board's inclination can automatically track the sun's trajectory; the other part of the roof for the green cover, with a rapid solar energy absorption, slowing down the flow rate of rainwater discharge characteristics, is the ideal natural sound insulation, insulation layer. The other part of the roof is covered with greenery, which is ideal for natural sound insulation and thermal insulation because it rapidly absorbs solar energy and moderates the rate of rainwater discharge. At the same time, it is characterized by a balance between supply and consumption, an equal amount of food and waste, and safe decomposition, dismantling and disposal, and recycling of the raw products of the living and facility systems. Today, the green building system has been widely penetrated into many aspects of architectural design, architects will create a "back to nature" form of architecture in modern society, follow the harmonization of architecture and natural ecological environment, and design a human living space that integrates with nature, people and society. However, according to the experience of European countries, in terms of economy, green building requires more upfront costs, and the speed of benefit recovery is relatively slow for this type of project. More importantly, the return on investment in green building systems does not necessarily end up in the pockets of the developers, but is mostly shared by the users and society. Even then, it typically takes a number of years before the value of the resource savings begins to outweigh the value of the ecological investment. This may discourage or overwhelm policy makers and developers. It seems to be the rule that if the short-term benefits (e.g., return on investment) of a new idea or technology are not significantly higher than those of a traditional one, then even if it has better long-term benefits (e.g., lower building management and maintenance costs, longer lifespan, resource savings, etc.), it will be difficult for people to accept it. This kind of problem may occur in any change of building, city and society, especially in our society gradually entering into the market economy system today, it has become a threshold of the society. The solution to this problem is to establish a new set of values and behavioral norms based on the principles of sustainable development. For example, to make the use of energy-saving equipment and materials, pollution-free materials and various resource-saving measures a must in design. The economic feasibility of green building should be strengthened through government policy adjustments in legislation, taxation, etc. Especially in the initial stage, the promotion of green building will be an empty word if there is no good economic, social and ethical incentives to compensate the developers for the loss of extra investment.
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