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Here's what I just saw, hope it helps
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How to choose a specialty for college entrance examination
Specialty selection is another very important issue in filling out volunteers, on the one hand, the volunteer specialty has an important and sometimes even decisive role in whether or not it can be admitted. If a candidate's volunteer colleges and universities to choose more appropriate, has been transferred by colleges and universities, but in the voluntary living room within the scope of his total score (or related subject scores or other conditions) is not as good as others, but also still can not be admitted, will be encountered with the return of the file and fall out of the election. On the other hand, the specialty of a person's future employment and further study, the long-term development and even the path of life, have extremely significant impact. As the saying goes, "men are afraid of joining the wrong profession, women are afraid of marrying the wrong man", choosing the wrong profession to enter the wrong profession is a terrible thing for anyone. There is also a saying that the foot has its own shortcomings, the inch has its own length, and the straw shoes can not do baskets. An internal show in the poor in speech and communication of people, if engaged in the promotion of professional, may be very painful, and then how hard it is difficult to have a big job. If he is allowed to engage in research or creative work, he may be a great success. Famous scientist Ding Zhaozhong's choice of profession and career is a good example. He worked hard in high school and excelled in the high school baccalaureate, and was guaranteed admission to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at National Cheng Kung University in Tainan. After one year of college, he realized that the vastness of physics was often mind-blowing, and that it was the subject that interested him the most, so he had the idea of switching to the physics department. His father was supportive of the idea when he learned of it. Thus, a decision of great significance to the world of physics came about: Ding officially switched to physics, and soon went to the United States to pursue a degree in physics. After ten years of hard study and hard work, finally for the first time in mankind discovered the d particle, won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics. Although in recent years some colleges and universities in the enrollment is no longer directly divided into living rooms (in the students enrolled for a period of time to complete the public **** course of study and then set a major), but most colleges and universities are still enrolled in the old way. Although the undergraduate stage of the major does not fully determine a person's future employment, further study (such as graduate school, etc.) orientation, but the basis of the major intended to be an important reference in this regard. A mechanical engineering graduates to apply for accounting jobs, it is difficult to imagine that he will be successful. Therefore, the choice of profession is still an essential key link in the filling of volunteers.
When choosing a major in college, different people have different standards and frames of reference. The usual reference is that the subjective standard that they want to study what profession, the reality of the objective standard that from the family and social environment conditions to consider their own suitable for what profession. In fact, these two criteria may often be not reasonable enough. Sometimes, students mentally want to study a certain specialty. It may be just a kind of a priori consciousness that this specialty is not compatible with his inner aptitude. And if a child is asked to choose a particular specialty simply on the basis of his family's professional origins, ease of employment, such as the son's inheritance of his father's work, etc., it is very likely that this is not what he is good at and what he wants to do. There are also a lot of people who choose their majors simply on the basis of their college entrance examination results and usual impressions, which creates an even bigger error.
It is true that a person only engaged in their own interests, endowed with the strengths of the profession or occupation, will achieve the best state of development, to maximize the realization of self-worth. However, to promote their own strengths, the use of the strengths of others, and can not be separated from a certain social environment conditions. According to the general law of talent growth, choose a profession should be as much as possible to achieve dialectical unity of personal factors and a certain social environment, both the correct handling of hobbies and interests and temperament and endowment and other internal factors, but also to deal with the personal factors and social and family environment between the relationship. But also with the corresponding talent to match. The internal cause is certainly the basis for development and change, but without the cooperation of the external objective conditions, but also can not guarantee a person's success and development. If you have the interest and the right physical condition, but the social condition is not there, you can't be a pilot.
Positively combined with the candidate's personal factors and social factors, talk about the ideas and methods of professional selection.
A personal factor related to the choice of profession
The personal factor mentioned here mainly refers to the candidate's interest and endowment, including hobbies and interests, aptitudes, personality temperament, etc., is a combination of innate endowment and the future of the day to day upbringing, and based on the innate. It is usually said that half of the natural, half of the ground made. Which is closely related to the choice of profession:
1, personal interest. Interest is a person actively explore some kind of cognitive tendency, is an attitude. In the interest behind the existence of the so-called desire or impulse, interest and behavior in line with the time, it will become a driving force to promote the behavior, it can mobilize the entire mental activity, making the mood high, imaginative, enhance the effect of memory, etc., and can be actively observe, perceive things, unremittingly think, explore. People have *** the same interest, but everyone's interest and there are differences, which is used as one of the basis for further education, employment. But interest is not the only factor that determines the direction of specialization, nor is it the main factor. Interest is certainly the best teacher, but for the choice of profession, no interest certainly not, only interest is certainly not. For example, a student with a strong interest in aerospace is unlikely to specialize in flying if he is not physically fit enough to do so.
2, the ability to endow. Ability is a direct impact on the efficiency of human activity, so that the activities of the successful completion of the psychological characteristics of the personality. Ability can be divided into general ability and special ability, general ability, including observation, memory, thinking, imagination, etc., it is necessary for people to engage in all activities that require a certain level of intelligence. Special abilities are those that function in special fields, such as drawing, playing, singing, etc. With a high level of ability, one has a good understanding and judgment, as well as a good ability to adapt and take full advantage of various opportunities. Abilities come from later development, but innate factors are of particular significance in them. Generally speaking, the differences in occupational adaptability between people are mainly due to innate factors. A person who was born without a good voice, and how to strengthen the acquired training, it is impossible to become a vocal talent.
3, personality. The relationship between personality and career adaptation is very important. Personality is a product of the interaction between personal endowment and the living environment, the environment creates a personality type, personality type and affect people's choice of vocational environment and adaptation. Extroverted people in the face of major decisions or actions are mostly not based on their own views, often by the objective conditions; and introverted people are more disregard for the objective situation, completely based on their own subjective to determine the direction of action; of course, there are many real-life is a mixture of people, and there is a degree of difference. It is generally believed that introverted people are more suitable for natural scientists, technicians, accountants, painters and calligraphers, etc., and extroverted people are more suitable for management workers.
3, career values. In the choice of occupation and profession, the standard of personal choice of occupation and the evaluation of the specific occupation is the concentrated reflection of occupational values. Occupational values in the choice of occupation and profession is a more complex factor, it is affected by social and cultural environment, gender and age and other factors. When choosing a profession, in addition to the above points, there are also factors such as health status, current social status and the geographical environment in which one lives, which are also taken into account in an integrated manner. After all, people in a certain social conditions and natural environment, no matter how can not be separated from the constraints of these realities. Personal interest, talent, these internal factors, or to combine with external conditions to consider, in order to form a suitable and realistic program of professional choice.
Second, the principle of human professional adaptability
In order to solve the problem of guidance for students in China's higher education and employment, since 1999, the Ministry of Education, the relevant departments and bureaus were set up to China's renowned psychologist Prof. Zhang Houchuan, headed by the vocational and professional selection guidance group. After several years of research and experimentation, the theory of the mutual adaptation of people and occupations and professions suitable for our country was put forward: at present, there should be seven main types of people in our country and the types of occupations suitable for them, i.e., artistic type, business type, affairs type, research type, natural type, technical type and social type. Artistic people in the personality of sensitive and profound, free-spirited, they like in a loose and free environment, with the help of music, text, form, color and other forms of expression of their feelings, the pursuit of difference. They are emotionally rich, work by intuition, and detest routine work. They are suitable for artistic careers such as music, art and writing.
Business-type people are shrewd, confident, optimistic and enterprising in personality, sensitive to business information, good at convincing others to accept their own point of view, and like to pursue economic benefits and personal achievements, with a certain degree of organization and planning ability. They are energetic at work, like to take risks and compete, and dislike discussing purely academic issues. They are suitable for jobs in marketing, business management, and dealing with the law.
The transactional type is meticulous and conscientious, rigorous autonomy, likes to regulate a clear and orderly working environment, and prefers systematic, rational and rule-based activities. Attention to detail, the pursuit of precision, do not like too many changes or risky activities. They are suitable for bank clerks, secretaries and librarians.
Research-type people are rigorous, meticulous, studious, always full of curiosity, critical spirit, good at observing and analyzing and logical thinking, like to explore things in a rational way. They like to work in an independent atmosphere and value the role of knowledge in personal development. They are suitable for jobs such as statistical analysis of data and scientific research.
Natural types like outdoor activities and are interested in things in nature. They like to explore the phenomena of life, understand the living habits and growth and development laws of various plants and animals, dislike love constraints, and have a stronger sense of practicality. They are suitable for agricultural development, medical treatment, mineral exploration and other jobs.
Technical people are steady and down-to-earth, advocating practical work. Between people and things, favor dealing with concrete and tangible things, not good at socializing. Like in need of hands-on environment, through the use of a variety of tools, equipment, in accordance with certain work procedures, to create products of practical value. Such occupations include information engineering technicians, mechanics, and pilots.
Social people are warm and friendly, easy to get along with, and favor dealing with people and things in between. Good at expression, like to listen and understand others, care about society, willing to help others. Wide range of friendships, affinity, strong spirit of cooperation, but lack of competition. These occupations include teachers, community workers, counselors, tour guides, and so on.
The above theory is a general distinction between people and occupations. In fact, only a small number of people are particularly prominent in only one or two career interest characteristics, and most people's career interests contain the same types of characteristics at the same time. For the majority of candidates, they should carefully analyze themselves, know themselves, and make the most suitable choice within the range of professions and occupations in which they are more interested.
Three, the candidate's professional adaptability test and diagnosis
To sum up, the candidate's choice of profession, should be based on personal factors, combined with the reality of the objective conditions, a comprehensive weighing. For the personal internal factors, not everyone really know themselves. Although it is said that "knowing the child is not like the father", but at present the scientific level to accurately grasp the child's female aptitude, personality temperament and other endowments of the parents, not many. This involves the issue of professional adaptive testing and diagnosis. In recent years, the practice of using personality tests to guide the choice of profession has emerged in some cities. Testing services are provided by more formal professional organizations as well as by scattered stalls in street stores. The conclusions of the latter are certainly not entirely credible. Candidates who are willing to take the test are advised to consult with more reputable professional organizations. You can also take some specific tests through the network of the Education Examination Office of the province to reflect the professional adaptability of the test as a reference for the choice of profession.
The choice of specialty should be combined with the choice of institution. Candidates in a more accurate understanding of their own aptitudes and characteristics, can be based on the scope of professional adaptability, to determine more than their own suitable professional categories. Generally speaking, people's professional adaptability will not be limited to a very narrow space, but there is a certain range, we should not only have a choice, but also can not be too much compression of their own adaptation surface. After determining a range of specialties, you can choose a school with a predicted transfer line suitable for the level of your total score on the college entrance examination in institutions with corresponding or similar enrollment specialties. It should be noted that the profession should not simply "to the name of the real". At present, many colleges and universities in the professional setup is broadening the caliber, some of the profession is not so "professional", just a relatively clear direction of professional training. Some undergraduate majors have the same name but the training direction is obviously different or even far apart. Specifically, we should look at the curriculum of the various professions and professional training direction of the introduction, do not be confined to the professional name of the box, "look at the meaning", purely to "name" on the profession.
Four Guidelines for Choosing a Major
The choice of a major is the overall design and planning of life, and it is more important to follow specific guidelines to reflect its own characteristics.
1, choose your favorite. Interest is the best teacher, is the mother of success. Facts show that there is a clear positive correlation between interest and the chance of success. Zhang Yufeng, president of Peking University, was an ordinary lecturer in the Physics Department of Peking University. After the reform and opening up, he realized that he had a strong interest in business, so he decisively went into the sea and founded Peking Founder. His long-suppressed interests and talents found the best place to be released, and he could not get out of hand. Within a short period of ten years, it created brilliant performance and became an outstanding representative of Chinese high-tech enterprises.
2, choose your own strengths. Any occupation requires practitioners to master certain skills and have certain conditions. Different occupations have different requirements for occupational ability. Any kind of occupational ability is only mastered after a certain period of training, and each person's life is limited, no one can master all the occupational ability in a lifetime. Mark. Twain was famous as a writer and orator, but he had a hard time being a businessman, invested in the development of a typewriter and tried to start a publishing company, both of which quickly fell on hard times.
3. Choose what the world needs. In making their own professional choices, we must analyze the needs of society and adapt to the conditions of social reality. As the above example, a person is very interested in aerospace, physical and psychological conditions also meet the requirements, but if the social conditions do not have, he still can not be a pilot. The needs of society are constantly changing, social conditions are constantly being updated, new professions and industries are constantly emerging, and what was in demand yesterday may become unappealing today. The choice of profession must also be based on the needs of the society and the conditions for the growth of talents, or else it may not be what you want.
4, choose your own interests. Career for everyone, is a means of livelihood and a way to seek happiness. Of course, this happiness may be spiritual fulfillment, but also may be material satisfaction. Through professional labor, a person makes contributions to society and creates wealth while seeking happiness for himself. When choosing a profession and choosing a career, one cannot help but consider one's expected future benefits. Most sensible people will weigh the pros and cons with the principle of maximizing benefits, and find a maximum value in a function consisting of personal income, social status and other variables from the point of view of a social person.
Fifth, the correct treatment of "popular majors"
Personal internal factors and social conditions, a very important point is to pay attention to the social needs of the "popular" majors. When you go to college, do you want to choose a "popular" major? What kind of "popular" majors most suitable for you? This is a matter of analyzing specific problems. First of all, there are many "popular" schools and majors to choose from, but not every "popular" is suitable for all candidates. In terms of "popular" schools, for the national enrollment, for the national employment of key universities, fame, good conditions, graduates are popular in the community, the future of graduate school, the opportunity to go abroad is also more. If your grades are enough, of course, to fight for such "popular", but if the grades are not enough, you can not force. As for some "popular" majors, although the graduates are "in demand" in the society, but if you lack of strong interest and hobby in it, or personality, temperament type is not suitable, or physical conditions limited to report, or your relevant subject scores are not enough, then you do not have to go to the hard squeeze! The second thing to do is to choose the "best" subject. Secondly, the selection of "popular" should be different from time to time. "Hot" and "cold" is relative, change from time to time, perhaps the current "hot"
A few years later is "cold". "In the early 90's, finance majors are quite "popular", but a few years later, due to the overcrowding of financial institutions and accelerated reforms, the iron rice bowl is gone, the original popularity of the cold hard to find employment. And some years ago, quite love the cold teacher training, animal husbandry, gardening and other professions, now in many areas has become a hot favorite professions. How to assess the situation, grasp the changing trends over time? First, from the national economic and social development of the general trend, from China's political and economic system reform and development prospects to grasp. The reform of the modern enterprise system, the institutional reform of the party and government organs, the strategy of multiple ownership of the economy*** with the development of the strategy of western development, etc., will have a profound impact on the entire social and economic structure. This trend of reform will inevitably affect a series of changes in the social demand for talent, these changes will certainly have a direct impact on the school and professional hot and cold. Secondly, it should be grasped from the law of higher education itself. A prominent feature of higher education is that it has a "lag", judging the "hot", "cold", to predict what will happen to the demand for talent in a few years.
Once again, the selection of "popular" to vary from country to country. Some specialties in this area may be in short supply of popular, and in another area may not be so hot, or even become cold. From the current management system of higher education in China and the actual situation of employment of university graduates, many of the former central ministries and commissions of higher education down to local management, more graduates of colleges and universities will be in their respective provinces and regions within the scope of employment, even if it is a national employment of key universities, graduates have a considerable portion of the place of origin to return to employment. Grasp the characteristics of economic development and talent demand in different regions, in order to target the selection of really popular schools and majors.
Finally, it should be seen that not crowded "popular" may also find another way. "Cold" and "hot", employment is difficult and not difficult is relative. From a dialectical point of view, "cold" majors are often not many candidates, relatively uncompetitive majors. If you have a certain strength, and in this area of the profession has a strong interest, choose to apply for the "cold" not only the chances of acceptance, and after enrollment is relatively easy to become one of the top students, not only will not be difficult to get a job, and will even be very good employers. There are some called "long" professional basic disciplines, the overall professional status is not too "hot", but also to be analyzed specifically. Basic theory talent is the cornerstone of a country's scientific and technological development, China is a weak link in the training of basic theory talent. In recent years, the state in many key universities to establish the basic theory of arts and sciences talent training base, the establishment of the basic disciplines of professional scholarships, to take the bachelor's degree - master's degree - PhD one-stop training mode, for the basic theory of talent to create favorable conditions for further study. Moreover, most of these colleges and universities have a long history of operation and strong strength, and the talents they cultivate have solid business background, sufficient strength and strong adaptability. From the employment prospects, graduates of these majors can be engaged in basic theory teaching, research in universities, research units, but also to adapt to the high-tech industry, the basic theory of the demand for human resources of the three-funded enterprises, at the same time, the developed countries attach considerable importance to the study of basic theories, this area of the graduates of the opportunity to study abroad is relatively large.
Six, how to make a choice between "popular" professions and famous universities
Fill in the college entrance examination volunteers, candidates often encounter "fish and bear the bear's paw can't have it both ways" of the problem: in the same score, is the choice of the famous but the professional Not too popular school, or choose to specialize in a very "hot" and slightly less prestigious colleges and universities? Generally speaking, of course, each has its own advantages and disadvantages, each has its own reasoning, can only be determined by the person, if you are usually not too solid, but the college entrance examination played well, the family economic situation does not allow another graduate school, go abroad, I'm afraid that when you choose to report the "hot" specialty is more advantageous, because it can not have to be difficult to get a job in the future, after the work of treatment is also relatively good, you can save a lot of money. Relatively good, can save a lot of trouble. If you usually study very well, the college entrance examination did not play well, the family has a certain economic strength, it is best to choose to enroll in a prestigious university, although the specialty is not very good, with your strength can then read the second degree or graduate school and then choose another specialty, because after all, the strength of the prestigious universities, superior conditions, into the university after the room for manoeuvre will be greater, will be more conducive to your future further education and development. This is what is usually called "high scores to run to a famous school, low and medium scores to choose a specialty". Of course, this is only in general. Specifically to each candidate, the situation is very different, or should be in accordance with the "gray stock market" principle of classification decision-making ideas, according to their own reality, targeted selection of institutions and professions.