What is the knowledge of logistics handling - logistics handling basics
Logistics is now very common in our daily lives, so we have knowledge of logistics handling? Below, I tell you about logistics handling basics, I hope to help you!
The basic meaning of material handling
Material handling refers to the movement of goods within the factory or warehouse, as well as the transfer of goods between the warehouse production facilities or between the warehouse and the transportation vehicle. We recognize material handling in the following four points.
1. Material handling involves the movement of goods
Raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products must be moved in and out of the storage facility, and are often moved within the storage facility, so material handling is a means of moving goods as far as possible.
2. Material handling from the time point of view
Raw materials and semi-finished products must be ready within a certain period of time for the production of products to play a specific time to meet the customer's order, material handling for this goal now plays an important role.
3. Material handling from a quantitative point of view
In the warehouse the utilization of goods and the number of times of handling is not the same, so the role.
4. From a spatial point of view of material handling
Warehouses, factories and even means of transport space must be used effectively, the material handling system largely determines the reasonableness of the use of space,
Handling operations organization and managementThe design of a reasonable, efficient, flexible material handling organization, the shortening of the material handling time, compression of inventory occupancy.
Design a reasonable, efficient, flexible material handling organization, to shorten the material handling time, compression of inventory occupancy has a positive significance.
1. Industrial Engineering (IE) and the rationalization of loading and unloading operations
Industrial Engineering (IE) is a comprehensive technology to improve the efficiency of the operating system, the coordination of people and the work environment for the purpose of the comprehensive use of personnel, goods, equipment and information and other resources, to design, improve and manage the production and logistics operations system.
Japan's logistics industry from the point of view of industrial engineering, summarized to improve the efficiency of logistics operations? Six not? Improvement method, the specific content is as follows:
① do not let and so one idle time to zero
That is, through the correct arrangement of the workflow and the amount of work so that the workforce and the work of the machinery can work continuously, no idle phenomenon.
② do not let touch a zero contact with the goods
that is, through the use of mechanized, automated machine logistics equipment for logistics loading and unloading, handling, sorting and other operations, so that operators engaged in logistics loading and unloading, handling, sorting and other operations as far as possible do not directly touch the goods to reduce labor intensity.
③ do not let a move to shorten the distance and number of moves
That is, through the optimization of the placement of goods in the warehouse and the use of automated handling tools to reduce the distance and number of moves of goods and personnel.
④ do not want to think a simple operation
That is, in accordance with the specialization (Specialization), simplicity (Simplification) and standardization (Standardization) principle of decomposition of operational activities and processes, and the application of modern means of computers and other logistics operations to make the operation of the operation of the simplicity.
⑤ do not let find a one to organize and tidy up
That is, through the management of the work site, so that the work site tools and items placed in a clear place.
⑥ do not let write a paperless
that is, through the application of bar code technology, information technology, etc., so that the work record automation.
2. Loading and unloading handling operations rationalization measures
(1) to prevent and eliminate ineffective operation.
The so-called ineffective operation refers to the loading and unloading activities in excess of the necessary loading and unloading, handling the amount of work. Obviously, the prevention and elimination of ineffective operation on the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations have an important role. In order to effectively prevent and eliminate ineffective operation, can start from the following aspects:
Minimize the number of loading and unloading; improve the purity of the material to be loaded and unloaded; the purity of the material, refers to the material contains water, impurities and materials itself, the use of the material has nothing to do with the number of substances; packaging to be appropriate; shorten the distance of handling operations.
(2) improve the flexibility of material handling
The so-called material handling, handling flexibility refers to the ease of loading and unloading of materials in the loading and unloading operations. Therefore, when stacking goods, prior consideration should be given to the convenience of material handling operations.
(3) the realization of loading and unloading operations of labor-saving
(4) loading and unloading operations of mechanization
(5) the promotion of the combination of
Selection of material handling equipmentmaterial handling equipment is the main component of mechanized production, its technical level is one of the important signs of modernization of handling operations. The type of equipment, the main parameters and the characteristics of the various types of machinery to understand the use and selection of loading and unloading equipment must have the knowledge.
1. Material handling in the basic equipment
In the enterprise handling of common basic equipment as follows: ① crane; ② continuous crane; ③ forklift (aka forklift, loading and unloading trucks); ④ lifting elevator; ⑤ small trucks; ⑥ unmanned vehicles and industrial robots; ⑦ transport machinery; ⑧ loading and unloading handling equipment
2.
2. Material handling equipment model selection
① product characteristics; ② equipment characteristics; ③ time requirements
3. Material handling machinery and equipment quantity configuration
Warehouses have a high equipment configuration factor. Configuration coefficient can be calculated according to the following formula:
Where: K a - warehousing equipment configuration coefficient, generally take K = 0.5 ~ 0.8;
A warehousing machinery and equipment capacity, that is, the equipment can complete the flow of material;
A warehousing process of the total flow of material.
Usually, when K & gt; 0.7, indicating a high degree of mechanized operations; K = 0.5 ~ 0.7, indicating a medium degree of mechanized operations; K & lt; 0.5, indicating a low degree of mechanized operations.
In the configuration of mechanical equipment for warehouses, etc., according to the requirements of warehouses, etc., pre-specified a K value (i.e., the degree of mechanization required to achieve the operation), to calculate the equipment needed to complete the flow of material, so as to carry out the calculation of the equipment ` configuration.
The number of mechanical equipment configuration, can be calculated using the following formula:
Where: - the total number of mechanical equipment in the warehouse;
- the number of types of machinery and equipment
- the number of mechanical equipment type I
- Type I machinery plans to complete the flow of material
- the rated lifting (load) weight of the equipment
- lifting coefficient, that is, the average lifting or handling of the equipment to complete the flow of material.
─ time utilization factor, that is, the average annual working hours of the equipment and the ratio of t
─ annual calendar hours of work, a shift system to take 7 hours multiplied by the number of working days
Mechanical equipment capacity evaluation parameters, , , the value of the workplace should be based on the nature of the items and the types of machinery and equipment type of measurement to determine.
The total material flow can be calculated by the following formula:
Where: - the number of workplaces
- the annual throughput of the premises
- the general coefficient of inversion of the premises, according to the number of times the items are repeatedly handled to determine the number of times, no secondary handling = 1
Mechanical equipment plans to complete the total material flow, there can be a total material flow multiplied by the configuration factor of the equipment K to obtain.
When calculating a piece of machinery or equipment, the allocation can be determined.
4. The introduction of high-efficiency automation equipment
A goal of automation equipment guide
(1) Anyone can operate (2) Low error rate (3) Fast operation (4) Space stereo (5) Ensure that manpower in harsh working environments.
The effect of the second guide
(1) save manpower, labor-saving
(2) improve productivity
① effective use of space. ①Effective utilization of space. ②Substantial increase in operational efficiency. ①Effective utilization of space. ④The power to reduce inventory is realized. ⑤Easy to change the configuration.
(3) Improvement of labor environment
①Rectify the workplace. ② Eliminate skilled work and heavy load labor.
Loading and unloading handling activities organization
1. Loading and unloading handling operations labor organization
Material handling handling operations labor organization is in accordance with certain principles, will be related to the combination of personnel and equipment in a certain way, to form an organic whole. Loading and unloading handling operations of the labor organization can be broadly divided into two basic forms, namely
the organization of the system of working procedures and the organization of the system of the form of the package.
(1) process system labor organization.
Process system of labor organization, according to the content of the operation or process, the personnel and equipment were combined into loading and unloading, handling, catty inspection, stacking, finishing and other operations team, from which the team composed of a line of operation, *** with the completion of a variety of loading, unloading and handling operations.
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