Mechanical safety protection technology

Mechanical safety is a state of existence and a guarantee condition that protects the human body and mind from the hazards of external factors from the point of view of human needs and in the various states of the whole process of using machinery? The safety of machinery refers to the machine in accordance with the intended conditions of use, the implementation of the intended function, or in the transportation, installation, adjustment, etc. does not produce damage or health hazards of the ability. Here is my share of mechanical safety protection technology method, welcome to read and browse.

I. Types of mechanical injuries

1. Strangulation: exposed pulleys, gears, screws, clothes, sleeves and pants legs, gloves, aprons, and long hair directly strangled into the machine, resulting in personal injury.

2. Object strikes: rotating machine parts, card does not hold the parts, hit the workpiece flying out of the operation caused by personal injury.

3. Pressure injuries: injuries caused by punching machines, presses, shearing machines, forging hammers.

4. Smash injuries: injuries caused by the fall of parts from a high place, lifting objects.

5. Squeeze injuries: injuries caused by squeezing the body or a part of the body.

6. Scald: injuries caused by hot objects on the human body. Such as iron filings, welding slag, solution and other high-temperature objects on the human body.

7. Stabs and cuts: injuries to the human body caused by sharp objects tip objects.

Second, the cause of mechanical injuries

1. unsafe state of the machinery

protection, insurance, signaling devices are lacking or defective, equipment, equipment, tools, accessories, defective, lack of personal protective equipment, appliances, or defective, the site of the environmental problems.

2. Operator's unsafe behavior

(1) Neglect of safety, operating errors;

(2) Use of hands instead of tools to operate;

(3) Use of non-safety devices equipment or tools;

(4) Operation against the rules;

(5) Not in accordance with the provisions of the personal protective equipment, the use of tools;

(6) Access to the equipment or tools, the use of personal protective equipment and tools;

(7) The use of personal protective equipment and tools;

(8) The use of personal protective equipment and tools;

The use of personal protective equipment and tools. > (6) Entering dangerous areas and parts;

3. Management factors

Defects or errors in design, manufacture, installation or maintenance, leadership does not pay attention to safety, defects in the organization and management, insufficient education and training, poor business quality of the operator, lack of safety knowledge and self-protection ability.

Third, the general safety of machinery and equipment

Provisions are summarized through the years and blood lessons learned, in the production process, as long as the observance of these provisions, you can eliminate hidden dangers in a timely manner, to avoid the occurrence of accidents.

1. Layout requirements

The layout of machinery and equipment should be reasonable, it should be easy for operators to load and unload workpieces, remove debris, but also should be able to facilitate the maintenance of maintenance personnel overhaul and repair.

2. Strength, rigidity requirements

Mechanical equipment parts, parts of the strength, rigidity should meet the safety requirements, the installation should be firm, and shall not be frequent failure.

3. Installation of necessary safety devices

Mechanical equipment must be installed reasonable, reliable, does not affect the operation of the safety devices.

(1) for the rotary movement of zero, parts should be equipped with protective cover or protective baffle, protective railings and other safety guards to prevent strangulation.

(2) for overpressure, overload, over-temperature, over-time, over-travel and other dangerous accidents can occur in the parts, should be equipped with insurance devices, such as overload limiter, trip limiter, safety valves, temperature limiters, time breakers, etc., to prevent accidents.

(3) For some actions need to warn people or remind attention, should be installed signaling devices or warning signs.

(4) for some of the action sequence can not be reversed zero, parts should be installed interlocking devices.

4. Safety requirements for electrical installations of machinery and equipment

(1) power supply wires must be properly installed, there shall be no breakage of any kind;

(2) click insulation should be good, the terminal board should be protected by a cover;

(3) switches, buttons should be intact and the charged part shall not be exposed;

(4) there should be a good grounding or zero-connection device, the grounding or zero-connection device should be good, the grounding or zero-connection device should be good. (4) there should be a good grounding or zero device, the wire is firmly connected, there shall be no disconnection; (5) local lighting should be used 36V voltage; prohibited 220V voltage;

5. Operating handle and foot switch requirements

important handle should be reliable positioning and locking device, coaxial handle should be obvious differences in length. Foot switch should have a protective cover hidden in the concave part of the bed, one side of the falling parts and components fall on the switch, start mechanical equipment and injury.

6. Environmental requirements and operational requirements

Mechanical equipment, the operating site should have a good environment, that is, the illumination should be appropriate, the noise and vibration should be small, the parts, jigs and fixtures, etc. should be placed neatly. Each piece of machinery and equipment should be based on its performance, operating order, etc. to develop a safe operating procedures and inspection, lubrication, maintenance and other systems, so that the operator to comply.

Fourth, mechanical equipment operation safety requirements

1. To ensure that the mechanical equipment does not have accidents, not only the mechanical equipment itself to meet the safety requirements, but also more importantly, the operator is required to strictly comply with the safety regulations. Safety regulations vary according to equipment, but the basic safety code is similar.

2. Must properly wear personal protective equipment and gear.

3. Before the operation of the mechanical equipment to carry out safety checks, to confirm the normal operation of the empty car before being put into use.

4. Mechanical equipment is strictly prohibited with failure to run, can not be used in order to prevent accidents.

5. The safety devices of mechanical equipment must be used correctly in accordance with the regulations, and are not allowed to remove them for use.

6. Mechanical equipment using tools, fixtures and processing. Parts and so on must be firmly installed, not loose.

7. Mechanical equipment in operation, it is strictly prohibited to adjust by hand, and not by hand to measure the parts, or lubrication, cleaning debris and so on.

8. Mechanical equipment in operation, the operator shall not leave the post, in order to prevent the occurrence of problems no one to deal with.

9. After the end of the work, should cut off the power supply, the tool and the workpiece from the work position out, and organize the work site will be parts, fixtures, etc., placed neatly, clean up the health of machinery and equipment.

V. Typical machinery and equipment hazards and protective measures

(a) pressure machinery hazards and protection

1. The main dangers

(1) misoperation

(2) action out of tune

(3) more than one person with a bad

(4) equipment failure

2. Safety measures

(1) Before starting the operation, you must carefully check whether the guard is intact, the clutch brake is flexible and safe and reliable. All unnecessary objects on the worktable should be cleaned up to prevent the shock from falling onto the foot switch when working, resulting in accidents caused by the sudden start of the punch press.

(2) When punching small workpieces, there should be a special tool, can not be fixed by hand, it is best to install automatic feeding device.

(3) The operator must be careful with the control of the foot switch, when loading and unloading workpieces, the feet should leave the switch, and it is strictly prohibited for unrelated personnel to stay around the foot switch.

(4) If the workpiece is stuck in the mold, it should be taken out by special tools, not allowed to take it by hand, and the foot should be removed from the foot pedal.

(5) When more than one person operates, they must coordinate and cooperate well with each other, and determine the person in charge of command.

(B) shearer danger and protection

1. The main danger

Shearer is a metal plate according to production needs to be cut into different specifications of the block material machinery. Shears have upper and lower cutter, generally lower cutter mounted on the table, the upper cutter reciprocating motion to cut. A particular shear can cut the maximum thickness and width of blanks and blanks of the strength of the limit value are limited, more than the limit value of the use of the machine may be destroyed. The shearer's cutter is very sharp, and the work of the operation of the fingers are very close to the cutter, so improper operation, will happen to cut the fingers and other serious accidents.

2. Safety measures

(1) Before work, we should carefully check the shearer parts are normal, electrical equipment is intact, whether the safety guards are reliable, whether the lubrication system is unimpeded, and then add lubricant, test drive, test cut intact, before use. More than two people operating in concert, you must determine a person unified command, check the table and around no obstacles before starting the machine tool cut material.

(2) Shearer is not allowed to cut two different specifications at the same time, different materials of the plate. Prohibit cutting without material, cut the plate requires a flat surface, not allowed to cut the narrower plate can not be pressed.

(3) operation of the shearer should be mentally focused, feeding fingers should leave the knife 200mm outside, and to leave the compression device. Feed, pick up material to prevent steel plate scratching, to prevent cutting down the steel plate injury. The foot switch should be equipped with a strong protective cover to prevent heavy objects from falling on the foot switch or step on it by mistake. No refueling or adjustment of the machine when driving.

(4) a variety of shearing machine to be based on the specified thickness of the shear plate, the appropriate adjustment of the knife gap to prevent improper use and accidents.

(5) The shearer's brake should be checked frequently to ensure reliable, to prevent the brake from loosening, to prevent the upper cutter from suddenly falling hurt.

(6) The edges of the plate and sheared strips are sharp, and sometimes there are burrs, which should be prevented from scratching.

(7) In the operation process, the use of safe hand tools to complete the feeding, positioning, picking up pieces and clean up the edges of the material and other operations, you can prevent your fingers from being rolled by the mold.

1. Turning processing hazards

(1) Turning processing is the most important unsafe factors are the splash of chips, as well as the lathe's incidental workpiece caused by injury.

(2) Chips formed during the cutting process are curly, sharp edges, especially continuous and spiral shaped chips, easy to entangle the operator's hands or body caused by injury.

(3) Chips flying toward the operator.

(4) Injuries caused by exposed rotating parts of the turning process that catch the operator's clothing or entangle the hand in the rotating part. Long bar stock, anisotropic workpiece processing is more dangerous.

(5) lathe operation with the hand to remove chips, measure the workpiece or use the abrasive cloth to polish the workpiece burrs, easy to cause the hand and moving parts collision.

(6) The workpiece and the clamping accessories are not clamped, on the start of the work, easy to make the workpiece and other flying out of the injury. Workpieces, semi-finished products several hand tools, gauges, fixtures, gauges placed improperly, resulting in wrenches flying off, workpiece popping off injury accidents.

(7) insufficient local illumination of the machine tool or blinding light, unfavorable operators to observe the cutting process, and produce errors in operation, resulting in injuries.

(8) lathe around the layout is unreasonable, poor sanitation, improper chip stacking, also easy to cause accidents.

(9) Lathe technical condition is not good, lack of regular maintenance, insurance device failure, etc., can also cause machine tool accidents caused by injury accidents.

2. Safety measures

(1) Take chip-breaking measures: chipbreaker, chip-breaking groove and so on.

(2) Install movable transparent baffle on the lathe. Flush the chips with airflow or emulsion to change the direction of chip ejection.

(3) Cover the hazardous part of the machine with a shield-type safety device. Such as safety chicken heart clip, safety dial, etc..

(4) For cutting down the ribbon chips, the hook should be removed, do not pull by hand.

(5) In addition to the lathe is equipped with automatic measurement of the gauge, should stop to measure the workpiece, and the tool holder to a safe position.

(6) When sanding the surface of the workpiece with gauze, move the tool to a safe position and be careful not to let your hands and clothes touch the surface of the workpiece.

(7) When grinding the bore, do not support the emery cloth with your fingers, apply a wooden stick instead, while the speed of the car should not be too fast.

(8) It is forbidden to put tools, jigs or workpieces on the lathe body and spindle gearbox.

(D) milling processing hazards and protection

1. Milling processing hazards

High-speed rotation of the milling cutter and milling in the vibration and flying chips is the main unsafe factors.

2. Safety measures

(1) In order to prevent the milling cutter from injuring the hand accident, can be installed on the rotating milling cutter shield.

(2) The milling machine should have shock absorption measures.

(3) Install a suitable protective net or plate in the direction of chip flying out. The operator should work with protective glasses and wear a mask when milling cast iron parts.

(4) In the beginning of cutting, the milling cutter must slowly feed to the workpiece, do not have impact phenomenon, so as not to affect the accuracy of the machine tool or damage to the cutting edge of the tool.

(5) The workpiece should be padded and stuck firmly, so as not to cause accidents during the work process.

(6) Adjustment of speed and direction, as well as correction of the workpiece, tools need to stop the car.

(7) Do not wear gloves when working.

(8) Always use a brush to remove chips from the bed, and remove chips from the milling cutter by stopping the machine.

(9) milling cutter with blunt, should be parked grinding or tool replacement. Before stopping the tool back, when the tool is not all out of the workpiece, do not stop.

(E) Drilling Hazard and Protection

1. Drilling Hazard

(1) When working on the drill press, the main hazards come from the rotating spindle, the drill bit, the drill chuck, and the long spiral shavings that rotate with the drill bit.

(2) Rotating drills, drill chucks, and swarf can easily get caught in the operator's clothing, gloves, and long hair.

(3) The workpiece is not clamped securely or there is no fixture at all and the drilling is done by hand, and the workpiece loosens under the action of the cutting force.

(4) Injuries caused by removing chips by hand during cutting and braking the drill and spindle by hand.

(5) The use of improperly sharpened drills, excessive cutting volume, etc. can easily break the drill and cause injuries.

(6) When unloading the drill bit, the force is too great, and the drill bit falls and injures the foot.

(7) Insufficient lighting or blinding light on the machine tool, brake failure, etc. are causes of injury.

2. Safety measures

(1) In the rotating spindle, drill set around the circular retractable protective net. The use of wedges with handles can prevent the drill bit from falling to the ground and injuring people when unloading the drill bit.

(2) Each moving part should be equipped with a reliable locking device. The center table of the bench drill, the rotary table of the vertical drill, the rocker arm of the rocker arm drill and the spindle box should be locked before drilling.

(3) need to be fastened to ensure the quality of processing and safety of the workpiece, must be firmly tightened on the table, especially lightweight workpiece needs to be tightened firmly, cutting found loose, it is strictly prohibited to use hand support or running tighten. Before installing drills and other tools, carefully check whether the cutting edge is intact, whether there are knocks or pull marks on the surface with the drilling sleeve, and whether there are swarf adhering to the tool. Replacement of tools should be carried out after stopping the machine.

(4) Gloves are not allowed when working.

(5) Do not place workpieces, tools and accessories on the table or running parts to prevent falling and injuring people.

(6) When using the rocker arm drilling machine, in the cross arm slewing range is not allowed to stand people, not allowed to pile up obstacles. The cross arm must be tightened before drilling.

(7) When drilling thin iron plate, the bottom should be padded with a flat wooden board. Smaller thin plate must be stuck firmly, and when it is about to be drilled through, it should be slowed down.

(8) When drilling, you should often lift the drill bit to discharge chips, in order to prevent the drill bit from being crushed by chips and broken.

(9) At the end of the work, the cross arm should be lowered to the lowest position, and the spindle box is close to the column retractable guard.

(F) planing processing hazards and protection

1. Planing processing hazards

Linear reciprocating moving parts to fly, or the operator will be pressed against a fixed object, the workpiece? Walking? or even slide out, splashing chips, etc. is the main unsafe factor.

2. Safety measures

(1) for high-speed cutting planer, in order to prevent the table from flying out of injury, should be set up limit switch, hydraulic buffer or tool cutting buffer. Workpiece, tool and fixture clamping to be firm, in order to prevent the cutting of the workpiece? Walking? Even slide out and tool damage or breakage, resulting in equipment and personal injury accidents.

(2) table, beam position should be adjusted to prevent driving the workpiece and ram or beam collision.

(3) machine tool operation, do not load and unload workpieces, adjust the tool, measure and check the workpiece to prevent the tool, ram impact.

(4) After the machine is started, do not stand on the worktable to prevent the machine from malfunctioning and causing injury.

(7) Grinding processing hazards and protection

1. Grinding processing hazards

Crushing of rotating grinding wheels and magnetic suction accidents are the main unsafe factors.

2. Safety and protection measures

(1) Before driving, you must check whether the device of the workpiece is correct, whether the fastening is reliable, and whether the magnetic suction cup is normal, or else you are not allowed to drive.

(2) When driving the car should be hand-adjusted so that there is a proper gap between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, and the amount of starting feed should be small to prevent the grinding wheel from chipping.

(3) Measuring the workpiece or adjusting the machine and cleaning work should be done after stopping.

(4) In order to prevent the grinding wheel broken debris injury, the grinder must be equipped with a protective cover, prohibit the use of grinding wheels without a protective cover for grinding.

(H) welding processing hazards and protection

1. welding processing hazards

electric shock injury, burns, arc? Shaking eyes? , ? Welder's pneumoconiosis? The following are some of the hazards associated with welding. Manganese poisoning and? Metal fever. and other occupational diseases.

2. Safety measures

(1) before work should check the welder power lines, lead wires and wiring points are good, if the line across the carriageway should be overhead or add a protective cover; welder secondary lines and shell must have a good grounding; welding pliers must be well insulated. Welding return line joints should not be more than three.

(2) welding workshop should be ventilated, fixed welding place to install dust removal equipment to prevent? Welder's pneumoconiosis? Manganese poisoning? and? metal fever? and other diseases;

(3) Welders should wear insulated shoes when operating, and the welding machine should be connected to the zero wire protection to prevent electric shock injury. To take welding gloves, wear long clothes and pants, with welding mask, to prevent infrared, strong visible light, ultraviolet radiation, to prevent skin burns, arc? Shake eyes? Cause vision loss.

(4) in the welding of copper alloys, aluminum alloys (non-ferrous) metals and spray welding, cutting will produce nitrogen oxides, must be carried out in a well-ventilated environment, if necessary, wear a gas mask,

(5) welding operators in case of improper protection, the occurrence of the above injuries, go to the hospital in a timely manner.

(6) for long-term welding operators, to establish occupational health records, regular physical health checks, the physical examination appears due to work injury caused by disease, to transfer out of the original work to prevent aggravation of the injury.

(7) Welders should master the general electrical knowledge, comply with the general safety regulations for welders; should also be familiar with fire extinguishing techniques, electrocution first aid and artificial respiration methods.

(8) After the welder starts, the welder's hands and body should not touch the secondary circuit conductors, such as the welding tongs or torch charged parts, workbench, the welded workpiece.

(9) should wear gloves when changing welding rod, the body should not lean on the iron plate or other conductive objects. Protective glasses should be worn when knocking slag.

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