The test question creates a scenario of industrial wastewater recycling of phenol treatment process flow chart, involving five kinds of equipment, four kinds of chemical raw materials, a number of organic chemistry, inorganic chemical reaction, is a typical organic, inorganic synthesis.
From the given flow chart of industrial wastewater treatment containing phenol can be analyzed as follows:
(1) from the industrial wastewater and benzene into the equipment Ⅰ to get phenol, benzene solution and phenol-free industrial wastewater (this wastewater can be discharged), that is carried out in the equipment Ⅰ is the extraction, the use of benzene and phenol has a similar structure, phenol from the industrial wastewater extracted out of the liquid with the separation of the method of The lower industrial wastewater is released and discharged, and the upper phenol-benzene solution enters equipment Ⅱ.
(2) Sodium hydroxide solution is injected into the equipment Ⅱ containing the phenol-benzene solution. At this time, the acidic phenol reacts with the sodium hydroxide to produce sodium phenate and water
Sodium phenate is an ionic compound that is easily soluble in water. Along with the above chemical reaction, the liquid in the equipment Ⅱ is divided into two layers, the upper layer is the benzene layer, the lower layer is the aqueous solution of sodium phenol (i.e., the substance A in the question), the upper layer of benzene through the pipeline back to the equipment Ⅰ to continue to extract phenol in industrial wastewater, recycling, and the lower layer of the solution of sodium phenol (A) into the equipment (Ⅲ).
(3) in the sodium phenol solution in the equipment Ⅲ, through the excess of carbon dioxide gas, the chemical reaction between the two substances, the generation of phenol and sodium bicarbonate, the chemical essence of this weak acid salt and "strong" acid decomposition reaction (the acidity of the acid is stronger than the acidity of phenol), the chemical equation is as follows:
In the precipitation of phenol contains traces of water, oily liquid, sunk in the lower layer of equipment Ⅲ liquid, after separation and then distillation can be obtained phenol. The upper layer of liquid B is the solution, which is transported into equipment Ⅳ through the pipeline.
(4) containing sodium bicarbonate solution in equipment Ⅳ, add quicklime (), quicklime and sodium bicarbonate solution in the water compounds into slaked lime, and the occurrence of complex decomposition reaction, the generation of and precipitate, the chemical equation is as follows:
If the above two reactions are combined and written in the following formula:
Also correct. The solution is separated from the precipitate by filtration.
The solution from the reaction is piped into Equipment II for recycling; the resulting precipitate goes into Equipment V.
(5) in equipment V in the raw material is solid, the resulting product is calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, it can be seen, equipment V should be the essence of the lime kiln, which, the chemical reaction that occurs:
reaction of carbon dioxide into the equipment Ⅲ, the reaction of the resulting calcium oxide into the equipment Ⅳ.
In summary, in the phenol-containing industrial wastewater extraction process of phenol, benzene, calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide, carbon dioxide, four substances can be recycled, theoretically there should be no consumption.