With the acceleration of urbanization, it has led to the development of the construction industry. But some large-scale construction projects in the ecological environment damage, so people began to recognize the importance of ecological environmental protection, the construction industry began to gradually involved in ecological and environmental protection in the construction of buildings, and assembly building in line with the requirements of the development of green building, supported the development of the state advocates the vigorous development of assembly building.
1 assembly building analysis
1.1 assembly building development
Nowadays, with the deepening of the concept of green, ecological and environmental protection, the construction industry has begun to promote the steel structure, assembly building design, this kind of architectural design coincides with the production of the project, and at the same time to promote the development of the assembly building design, so that the design of China's buildings is more advanced. Assembled building is: a building that uses component parts and is assembled at the construction site with reliable connections. Its components should meet the requirements of safety and standardization. This kind of construction method has a shorter construction period, lower technical level requirements, and the effectiveness of energy saving, material saving and emission reduction has been proved in actual projects, which is the industrialized construction method vigorously implemented in China at this stage.During the American immigration period in the 17th century, timber was used to assemble houses, which was the predecessor of the development of assembled buildings.In 1851, London used an iron skeleton embedded with a glass crystal palace, which is the first large-scale international history. Assembly building. After World War II, houses in Europe and other countries were destroyed in large numbers, so housing became the most needed item at that time, which required the production of good quality houses very quickly, thus promoting the development of assembled buildings. In the 1980s, China's assembly building structure, ascending version of the system, large panels and so on have been developed to achieve the progress of industrialization. However, at that time, due to the insufficiency of China's technical level and economic foundation, the assembly structure system was not popularized. With the improvement of China's comprehensive strength, at this stage, most of China's regions began to apply prefabricated products, but the prefabricated assembled building research is still involved in insufficient, mainly reflected in: scientific research results on the lack of theoretical basis, so that the development of assembled buildings has not been vigorously developed. The assembly building design has the characteristics of strong stability, high safety, high efficiency, green environmental protection, etc., which can ensure the quality of structural components, short construction period, no need for a high level of technology; effective protection of the ecological environment, and improve the economic benefits generated in the construction project.
1.2 Features of assembly construction
①All building materials in assembly construction can be produced in the workshop, including: balconies, air-conditioning panels, exterior wall panels, staircases, interior wall panels, etc.; ②Construction site assembly operations to reduce the traditional cast-in-place operations; ③The implementation of the integration of architectural decorative modes, to achieve the synchronization of interior decoration and the main body of the construction of the building; ④Asssembly Building design and management with information technology, standardization features, components with standards, norms, high efficiency features, reducing the cost output, can be compatible with the digital management of factories, assembly building cost-effective; ⑤ with ecological and environmental protection effect.
2 Assembly Building Design Methods
2.1 Technical Design
Technical design plays an important role in assembly building. The relevant units need to pay great attention, need to have an in-depth understanding of the project's external environmental conditions, costs, goals, etc., and then ensure the standardization of prefabricated components, standardization, and take the initiative to communicate with the construction unit, the two sides after the study and then formulate a set of feasible design solutions for the follow-up of the assembly building to provide reference.
2.2 Design of components
According to the technical design of the assembly building, the plane and elevation are optimized, and under the premise of guaranteeing the functionality of the assembly building, the principle of designing components with fewer specifications and more combinations is adhered to, so as to make the building conform to the requirements of standardization and systematization. In the stage of elevation design, it is necessary to focus on the analysis of different structural components and design different elevation structures according to the characteristics of the assembled building.
2.3 Preliminary design
Take the professional technical requirement points as the basis, do a good job in coordinating the design; design the number of layers of cast-in-place bottom according to the requirements of the building; consider the different professional pipelines, as well as the location of equipment pre-embedded, and then select the appropriate prefabricated components; pay attention to the stability of the construction project, value, and the comprehensive analysis of the construction time, quality, and the cost of building construction, and then formulate a reasonable technical method. A reasonable technical method is developed.
2.4 Construction program design with reference to the preliminary design of technical methods, interior decorative parts, prefabricated components design parameters, in the process of assembly building construction program design, the need for different specialties of the embedded components have been considered comprehensively, pay attention to the assembly of the building in the acoustic insulation, fire prevention design.
2.5 Component processing design
In the process of component processing, manufacturers need to communicate fully with the designers, manufacturers according to the design requirements for processing components, designers need to provide manufacturers with the size and type of components. On the other hand, it is also necessary to pay attention to the design of prefabricated components in the building construction site for fixing and mounting holes, hooks and so on.
2.6 Prefabricated components design
Assembly building in the prefabricated components design process, need to uphold the standardization, modeling concept, as far as possible to reduce the use of components, to ensure the accuracy of the components, reduce the cost of the project; assembly building in the hole, lowering the plate, etc. can be selected from the cast-in-place construction methods, the components lifting, transport processing, production of comprehensive considerations. The components need to be fireproof and durable; in the process of component design, attention needs to be paid to the safety and stability of the components; if the size of the components is large, the number of pre-embedded suspension points and component demolding can be increased; according to different heat insulation and thermal preservation needs, the design of exterior wall panels meets the requirements to satisfy the air conditioning requirements; in the design of the non-bearing walls of the building, it is necessary to choose the wall panels that have a certain acoustic insulation effect, are easy to install, and are lighter than the wall panels, according to different functions. Partition wall panels, according to different functions, functional division of the interior, to ensure the stability and firmness of the building structure, non-load-bearing partition connection.
2.7 Tectonic node design
The most important thing in assembly building design is the design of the tectonic point. For the external wall door and window openings, connection gaps and other materials with low water resistance, the construction point needs to be durable, mechanical, physical and other properties; optimize the design of the construction point design according to the climatic characteristics of the region, as far as possible, reflecting the effect of energy saving; take the way of component waterproofing, waterproofing of the material is fused together, scientifically design the vertical joints of the external wall panels, with reference to the different external environments to design the appropriate joints. For example: earthquake, wind load, etc.
3 Conclusion
With the development of the construction industry industry, the progress of assembly building technology, according to different construction requirements to design the assembly building in line with the construction of the building. The progress of assembly building can also promote the development of China's construction industry.
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