1, transportation. There are mainly road hardening (cement road) within the village and town; the construction of roads through the town, most of which are built as Class III and Class IV highways.
2, water conservancy. Mainly farmland irrigation water conservancy construction; ground water closet construction; human and animal drinking water cisterns; reservoir dam reinforcement and river levee construction.
3, rural power and rural energy. There are mainly rural biogas digester construction and rural power grid renovation.
4, agricultural industry and rural markets. There are mainly the construction of various agricultural industry bases (all kinds of fruits and vegetables, livestock production bases); the construction of farmers' markets in various townships.
5, environmental ecology. There are mainly water basin management; garbage disposal facilities construction; sewage treatment construction.
6, culture, health and education construction. Culture and sports construction is mainly the construction of some cultural reading rooms, sports venues (basketball courts, ping-pong tables, fitness equipment, etc.); health construction is mainly the construction of rural health centers and health rooms; education construction is mainly the construction of teaching and dormitory buildings for rural elementary school and so on.
7, radio and television construction. It is mainly the construction of rural radio and television village through the village. 8, village construction. Mainly refers to the construction of the village office building in the township, and now there is also the construction of that agricultural village office service point, all for the convenience of the masses.
I know so much, I hope you can help.
Question 2: What are the main categories of "infrastructure"? Infrastructure can be divided into the following categories according to its geographical location or nature of use:
Rural Infrastructure
With reference to China's new rural construction of the relevant laws and regulations, the rural infrastructure includes: agricultural productive infrastructure, rural living infrastructure, ecological environment construction, rural social and environmental infrastructure. infrastructure, ecological environment construction, and rural social development infrastructure in four major categories.
(1) Agricultural productive infrastructure: mainly refers to the construction of modernized agricultural bases and farmland water conservancy;
(2) Rural living infrastructure: mainly refers to the construction of drinking water safety, rural biogas, rural roads, rural electricity and other infrastructures;
(3) Eco-environmental construction: mainly refers to the protection of natural forest resources, protection forest system, seedling construction, ecological protection and construction of nature reserve, wetland and wetlands. Ecological protection and construction of nature reserves, wetland protection and construction, return of farmland to forests and other farmers to eat, burn firewood, increase income and other current livelihood and long-term development issues.
(4) Rural social development infrastructure: mainly refers to the infrastructure that is beneficial to the development of rural social undertakings, including rural compulsory education, rural health, rural cultural infrastructure.
Strengthening rural infrastructure construction is of great significance to increasing farmers' income, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, and realizing rural modernization.
Urban infrastructure
Urban infrastructure refers to the city's direct production sector and residents live to provide *** the same conditions and public **** service engineering facilities, is the survival and development of the city, the smooth conduct of various economic and other social activities must have the engineering infrastructure and social infrastructure of the general term. It is particularly important for the production units, is one of the necessary conditions to achieve economic, environmental and social benefits. In general, urban infrastructure projects mainly include:
1. Residential areas, villas, apartments and other residential construction projects
2. High-end hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, office buildings and other office and commercial construction projects
3. Petroleum, coal, natural gas, electric power and other energy power projects
4. Railways, highways, aviation, water transport, bridges, tunnels, ports and other transportation projects
5. Transportation projects such as railways, highways, aviation, water transport, bridges, tunnels, ports, etc.
5. Reservoirs, dams, sewage treatment, air purification and other environmentally friendly water projects
6. Telecommunications, telecommunications, information networks, such as postal and telecommunication projects
Generally speaking, the urban infrastructure refers to the engineering infrastructure. (1) engineering infrastructure mainly includes six systems:
A. Energy supply system: including electricity, gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and heating;
B. Water supply and drainage system: including water resource protection, waterworks, water supply network, drainage and sewage treatment;
C. Transportation system: divided into external transportation facilities and internal transportation facilities. The former includes aviation, railroad, shipping, and other transportation facilities. The former includes aviation, railroads, shipping, long-distance buses and highways; the latter includes roads, bridges, tunnels, subways, elevated light rail, public **** transportation, rental cars, parking lots, ferries, etc.;
D. Postal and telecommunication systems: such as postal services, telegraphs, fixed-line telephones, cellular telephones, the Internet, radio and television broadcasting, etc.;
E. Environmental protection and sanitation systems: such as landscaping, Garbage collection and treatment, pollution control, etc.;
F. Defense and disaster prevention security systems: such as fire, flood control, earthquake prevention, typhoon, sand, ground subsidence, air defense, etc.
(2) according to the nature of the service is divided into three categories
A. Production infrastructure. Including water supply, power supply, roads and transportation facilities serving the production sector, warehousing equipment, postal and telecommunication facilities, sewage, greening and other environmental protection and disaster prevention and control facilities; B. Social infrastructure. Refers to a variety of institutions and facilities serving the population, such as commercial and catering, service industries, financial and insurance institutions, housing and public utilities, public *** traffic, transportation and communication institutions, education and health institutions, cultural and sports facilities; C. Institutional security institutions. Such as public security, political and legal and urban construction planning and management departments. The level of infrastructure with the development of economic and technological development and continue to improve, more variety, more perfect service.
(3) Social infrastructure generally refers to facilities for administration, culture and education, health care, business services, finance and insurance, and social welfare.
(4) Urban infrastructure should generally have the following characteristics:
A. Productivity
B. Public utility and public welfare
C. Natural monopoly
D. Cost-sinking
E. Carrying
F. Ahead of the curve
G. Systematic
The development, improvement, and support of urban infrastructure at different times. There are different requirements for the development, improvement and support of urban infrastructure in different periods. Urban infrastructure as the carrier of urban operation, and the city's natural appendages, including land, water, mineral deposits and so on, have a close connection, it is on the basis of the original natural appendages, after the people's processing and transformation and established, subject to the constraints of nature; the construction and renovation of urban infrastructure must be the rational use of natural resources, and the protection of the ecological environment. Urban infrastructure in the form of a fixed, physical form is mostly permanent buildings for urban production and residents living in long-term use, can not be updated frequently, more can not be arbitrarily dismantled ...... >>
Question 3: Rural infrastructure includes those projects? For the development of rural production and to ensure that farmers live and provide the general term of public **** service facilities. Including transportation, post and telecommunications, agricultural water conservancy, water supply and power supply, commercial services, landscaping, education, culture, health and other production service facilities and living service facilities. They are the basis for the development of various undertakings in the countryside, but also an important part of the rural economic system, should be coordinated with the development of the rural economy.
Question 4: What are the construction materials used in the construction of agricultural infrastructure can be divided into structural materials, decorative materials and some specialized materials.
Structural materials include wood, bamboo, stone, cement, concrete, metal, masonry, ceramics, glass, engineering plastics, composites, etc.; decorative materials include a variety of coatings, paints, plating, veneers, tiles of various colors, glass with special effects, etc.; special materials refer to the use of waterproofing, moisture-proofing, corrosion resistance, fire prevention, fire-retardant, soundproofing, insulation, heat preservation, sealing and so on.
Building materials for a long time to withstand the wind, sun, rain, wear and tear, corrosion, etc., the performance will gradually change, the reasonable selection of building materials is critical, first of all, should be safe, durable. The amount of building materials is very large, directly affecting the cost of the project, usually the cost of building materials accounted for more than half of the total cost of the project, so when considering the technical performance, must take into account the economy.
[Edit Paragraph] Building Materials Industry Development Prospects
At present, China has been the world's largest producer and consumer of building materials. The main building materials products such as cement, flat glass, building sanitary ceramics, stone and wall materials and other production for many years ranked first in the world. At the same time, building materials product quality continues to improve, energy and raw material consumption declines year by year, a variety of new building materials continue to emerge, building materials products continue to upgrade.
"Eleventh Five-Year Plan" infrastructure investment has been chess to the middle plate, highways, railroads and other infrastructure construction investment in the outbreak of growth and the steady growth of investment in general civil construction, so that the construction industry is in the boom upward stage.
Question 5: What are the problems of China's rural infrastructure construction The introduction of the new rural construction policy is mainly to solve the current process of social development of China's rural areas in the process of some of the prominent contradictions and problems, which are mainly manifested in the following areas:
1. Rural development of institutional barriers still exists, the construction of the system is still a long way to go. China's agricultural and rural development process there are still many institutional obstacles, affecting the economic and social development of rural constraints are still many, the urban-rural dual structure has not yet been fundamentally broken, a variety of factors in the rural and urban rational allocation of the mechanism has not yet been fully established, the comprehensive reform of the rural areas and other reforms of the task is still quite arduous. Taking the reform of the rural financial system as an example, despite the fact that the reform of the rural financial system has been under way for nearly 20 years, there are still many systemic, technical and operational problems prevailing in rural finance in China. Specifically, the main manifestations are: First, the rural financial system is not perfect. Rural credit unions have not played their due role in supporting agriculture; the Agricultural Development Bank's business scope is too narrow, and with the completion of the reform of the grain purchasing and marketing system, the lending business has further shrunk; commercial banks have withdrawn some branches from counties and townships out of consideration of their own economic efficiency; the agricultural insurance system is backward, and the scale of agricultural commercial insurance is small, with a single type of insurance. Secondly, the loss of rural capital is serious. Agricultural banks and some commercial bank branches, in the rural areas to absorb reserves is very strong, the farmers and rural small and medium-sized enterprise loans but less; urban credit unions to the countryside to collect reserves to dig out part of the funds, turn to the city. Thirdly, there is a lack of a loan guarantee system with rural characteristics. Under the current credit policy, farmers and rural small and medium-sized enterprises themselves cannot provide effective collateral security for loans, and it is difficult to get the loans they need. In this case, *** inevitably need to take further measures to increase financial support for agriculture through deepening the rural financial reform, strengthening the state's policy support and improving the rural financial risk avoidance mechanism and other three aspects.
2. Agricultural development faces many challenges, and the overall level of agricultural productivity is not high.
(1) The state's investment in agricultural development is seriously insufficient, and agricultural development lacks momentum. First, the agricultural capital investment is insufficient, its proportion of national capital investment, "Sixth Five-Year Plan" period for 5.1%, "Seventh Five-Year Plan" for 3.3%, "Eighth Five-Year Plan" for 3%, can be seen decreasing year by year. It can be seen that it is decreasing year by year. Due to insufficient investment in capital construction, China's agricultural infrastructure is aging seriously, about 1/3 of the country's reservoirs are operating with disease, 60% of the drainage and irrigation projects in urgent need of repair, the ability of agriculture to withstand natural disasters declining year by year, the area subject to disasters expanding year by year. Secondly, there is a serious lack of funding for agricultural research. China's agricultural research funding accounted for less than 0.1 percent of the gross domestic product, the proportion of agricultural technology promotion funds less than 0.2 percent, far below the world average. Due to the drive of interests, the society, enterprises and farmers also do not invest much in agriculture. There is no establishment of the state, enterprises, farmers' cooperative organizations, financial, financial, tax, agricultural price subsidies and other systems and operational mechanisms, inadequate agricultural input has become the main factor in China's slow agricultural development.
(2) Agricultural industrial structure is unreasonable, structural contradictions are prominent. Although China's current agricultural industrial structure adjustment has begun to see results, but there are still some urgent problems: agricultural production varieties of a single structure, the product structure of the low level; agricultural products processing industry lagging behind, agricultural products value-added difficulties; agricultural production and management methods are backward, it is difficult to form a large-scale operation; the lack of scientific regional layout and so on.
(3) the shortage of agricultural resources and fragile ecological environment, the comprehensive agricultural production capacity is difficult to sustainably improve. China's per capita natural resources, coupled with a fairly long period of shrinking arable land, freshwater shortages, the trend of population increase is irreversible, some areas of the ecological environment continues to deteriorate, China's agricultural development of resources and environmental constraints are increasingly tight, resulting in food security and ecological security is difficult to ensure.
(4) Agricultural service system is not sound, science and technology, information and other services lagging behind. China's agricultural service system for a long time to promote and service-oriented, at present, the agricultural service system exists in the team expansion, the mechanism is not active, the burden is too heavy, the concept of lagging behind, the service capacity is low, the market is low degree of organization and low economic efficiency, and other problems, it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of the development of market agriculture.
(5) poor circulation channels for agricultural products, agricultural resource advantages are difficult to transform into economic advantages. At present, many of our rural areas, individual traffickers are small and unstable, the regional market is not fully developed, bulk agricultural products are difficult to sell out in a timely and effective manner, far from adapting to the requirements of the circulation of agricultural products.
3. Democratic political construction at the grassroots level is lagging behind, and it is difficult to protect the rights and interests of farmers. Since the reform and opening up to the future, along with the rapid development of social economy, China's rural grass-roots democratic political construction has also made great achievements ...... >>
Question 6: Does the construction of high-standard farmland belong to the construction of agricultural infrastructure The construction of high-standard farmland belongs to the construction of agricultural infrastructure.
The standard farmland construction is mainly through the land consolidation and other methods, the farmland land leveling and field water conservancy construction, field roads, field protection forests and other construction, to achieve the field into a square, infinite infinite, road connected, forest into a network, irrigation, row out of the requirements, so that the production conditions of the farmland has been significantly improved.
Specific standards:
1. The land is concentrated in a continuous area, with an area of more than 200 mu in each version.
2, farmland format, each area is generally 2-3 acres, the field height is not greater than 5 cm, the tillage layer is more than 30 cm.
3, water conservancy drainage and irrigation facilities supporting, dry and branch channels to achieve three-sided light. Efforts to achieve flood control standards of 20 years, flood control standards of 10 years, drought resistance of more than 70 days, the water table is controlled at a depth suitable for crop growth,
4, the field road layout is reasonable, smooth, to ensure that agricultural machinery to work in the field.
5, field backbone roads, the main road on both sides to create a green belt.
Question 7: What is included in the construction of agricultural infrastructure The construction of rural infrastructure includes many elements, such as:
1, transportation. There are mainly road hardening (cement roads) within villages and towns; the construction of roads leading to the towns, most of which are built as Class III and Class IV highways.
2, water conservancy. Mainly farmland irrigation water conservancy construction; ground water closet construction; human and animal drinking water cisterns; reservoir dam reinforcement and river levee construction.
3, rural power and rural energy. There are mainly rural biogas digester construction and rural power grid renovation.
4, agricultural industry and rural markets. There are mainly the construction of various agricultural industry bases (all kinds of fruits and vegetables, livestock production bases); the construction of farmers' markets in various townships.
5, environmental ecology. There are mainly water basin management; garbage disposal facilities construction; sewage treatment construction.
6, culture, health and education construction. Culture and sports construction is mainly the construction of some cultural reading rooms, sports venues (basketball courts, ping-pong tables, fitness equipment, etc.); health construction is mainly the construction of rural health centers and health rooms; education construction is mainly the construction of teaching and dormitory buildings for rural elementary school and so on.
7, radio and television construction. Mainly the construction of rural radio and television village through the village.
8, village construction. Mainly refers to the construction of the village office building in the township, and now there is also the construction of that agricultural village office service point, all for the convenience of the masses.
I know so much, I hope to help you.
I hope this will help you.