The most common electronic devices for correcting stuttering in foreign countries are Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) or Frequency Altered Auditory Feedback (FAF).
Stutterers hear their slightly delayed or pitch-altered sounds through headphones. DAF and FAF have been experimentally shown to reduce stuttering by an average of 75-85% with no other treatment, no mental effort, and no slowed or unusual-sounding speech. And modulation of DAF can make the stutterer speak slower and remove 100% of the stuttering, but this requires training and produces abnormal-sounding speech.
Brain scanning studies have found that DAF and FAF correct abnormal brain activity associated with stuttering. There are many different types of these devices, including miniature portable devices and telephones that correct stuttering.
I haven't used one, so I don't know the exact effects. I think that if its 75%-85% effectiveness rate is what it is in the lab, then it is going to be much less effective in real life, if not down to zero. Because in the lab the stutterer's state of mind will be very different from the usual, then stuttering will become "useful", which will make the stutterer too relaxed and greatly reduce the stuttering phenomenon, or even almost no stuttering phenomenon.
Additionally, there are computerized systems that are used in stuttering therapy abroad. They help improve breathing, vocal control, and other aspects of fluent speech production.
Researchers at the Stuttering Research Center at East Carolina University in the United States believe that stuttering may be caused by some kind of miscommunication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The successful development of the world's first miniature digital stuttering corrector in Canada and the United States capitalized on this scientific discovery. Experts believe that the brain waves of a stutterer are completely different and extremely active from those of a normal person. When the stutterer wears the stuttering corrector, the colors in the stutterer's brainwave response map are almost the same as the normal person's uniform orchid-colored brainwave map, which is hard to distinguish, indicating that the short digital DAF (delayed auditory feedback) or and FAF (frequency-altering auditory feedback) treatments can directly and powerfully improve the communication state of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and promote the degree of fluency in speech.
The inventor of the corrector, neuroscientist Dr. Joseph Kalinowski of East Carolina University, is a stutterer himself, and it was his own personal experience during his childhood that inspired his invention.
Placed in the patient's ear, the corrector mimics the patient's pronunciation as he speaks, slowing down the time it takes for the sound to reach the patient's brain. This slows down the stutterer's rate of speech so that they can concentrate more on their speech, and reduces the extent of their stuttering. Even though this little thing doesn't completely cure stuttering, it does, after all, allow the stutterer to speak more like a normal person.
The digital corrector has been mass-produced by China's Sichuan Weidi Digital Technology Co. in cooperation with East Carolina University, and the product is now being sold in the United States, Canada and China, with sales in Europe under way.
However, the corrector is priced high, at $3,600-$4,900 on the international market, and there are already SpeechEasy distributors in Shanghai, with prices ranging from 69-119 million yuan. For details, see.
Second, China's domestic stuttering correction instruments:
The only domestic electronic stuttering corrector I know of is the Zhejiang Tiantai Stuttering Corrector. Of course, it is now renamed as "Heavenly Doctor". It is an extremely simple electronic device, in fact, is a dance with a metronome, there are only two functions, one is a rhythmic "pop - pop -" sound, there is a knob to adjust the tempo of the fast and slow, there are ten gears; the other is that there is a synchronization with the sound of the flashing small red light. Usage is also simple, is to let the stutterer with the rhythm, ring a word, the lowest gear is a minute 60 words, a second to say a word, simply with the collapse of the beans is no different, and is a super slow collapse of the beans. After a period of time, the stutterer will gradually speed up. It seems to resemble Cheng Shimin's modified pronunciation method.
I bought it my freshman year of high school, in 1990, with money I'd been saving up for a long time, which at the time was $45 for one semester of my freshman year of high school. I used it for a while with little to no effect. After a while, I realized that it was impossible to speak like that in everyday life, and that people with a slightly more severe stuttering phobia would not dare to speak like that because people would be even more surprised, and that would be even more embarrassing than stuttering. After a while I gave up and stopped using it.
I found a lot of stutterers on the Internet have used this stuttering corrector, most of them said that there is no effect, and even some stutterers cursed fooled, and called on everyone not to be deceived again.
The instrument, like any other way, cannot completely solve the psychological problem, so the so-called cure is only a false promise. Instruments may make the stutterer feel a sense of novelty for a short period of time, but once he or she gets used to that state and the psychology returns to the norm, the stuttering will still occur as usual.
Objectively speaking, if you follow all the instructions, such as "gently, slowly, rhythmically" and so on, and strictly abide by them, it will certainly have a great effect on the stutterer. It cannot be said to be completely useless. But then again, if stuttering can be changed so easily, then stuttering is no longer a human problem. Other methods of stuttering correction have the same effect, and even the more ridiculous "therapies" such as the "muscle training method" and the emphasis on the "laws of articulation" can also play a very good role in the treatment of stuttering. The problem is that stuttering is a psychological problem. The problem is that stuttering is a psychological condition, a mild mental illness, and the constant stimulation makes them too fearful to change their "habits". Unless, of course, there is a strong psychological impetus to change. My change was in rising status, not in any language training.
In addition, Fudan University established the first stuttering rehabilitation center in China in 2003, and its main medical product is the microcomputer stuttering rehabilitation device.
I have not used this instrument, I do not know how effective, but look at the principle of its introduction: microcomputer stuttering rehabilitation instrument and the above micro-digital stuttering corrector is similar to the depth of auditory delayed feedback, that is, the use of microcomputer voice processing technology, resulting in the displacement of the time difference between speaking and listening, to avoid the specific environment on the stuttering patient's brain nerve center of the strong stimulation, dissolved by the stimulation triggered by the constant reinforcement of the stuttering conditioned reflexes, regulating the brain, the stuttering condition of the brain, the stuttering conditioned reflexes. Stuttering conditioned reflexes, regulating the brain's control and domination of the vocal organs, coordination and respiratory functions, ensuring the normal activity of the nervous system, with a view to forming stable speech conditioned reflexes and speech habits.
Brain scanning studies have shown that there is a clear difference between the brain wave response map of a patient who stutters and the brain wave map of a normal person, in that the left side of the brain (speech-language center), which is supposed to be active during speech, becomes inactive, while the right side of the brain, which is supposed to be static, becomes active. The instrument can directly and powerfully improve the information exchange function of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, balance the excitation and inhibition process of the speech center of the brain, and promote fluency in speech. Studies have proven that delayed auditory feedback can reduce stuttering by an average of 75-85%.
The published effective rate is also fully consistent with the electronic devices Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) or Frequency Altered Auditory Feedback (FAF) for correcting stuttering in western countries, but its actual effect is yet to be proved.
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