Shanghai port currently holds a "dangerous goods port industry recognized certificate" of foreign trade dangerous goods terminal has 79, *** 245 berths, distributed in the Huangpu River, Yangtze River and Hangzhou Bay coast. Among them, 18 berths can berth more than 50,000 tons of ships, accounting for 7.3% of the total; 17 berths berth less than 1,000 tons of ships, accounting for 6.9% of the total; the vast majority of berths can berth between 5,000 and 50,000 tons of ships. The berths that can berth large-tonnage ships are mainly concentrated in Pudong New Area and Baoshan District. Shanghai districts and counties of the foreign trade of dangerous goods wharf and berths number see table 1.
Table 1 Shanghai districts and counties of the foreign trade of dangerous goods wharf and berths distribution
Districts and counties of the wharf and berths district district district district wharf and berth district district district wharf and berths
PuDong 32 74 HongKou 2 6 NanHui 2 5
Baoshan 12 26 HuangPu 2 4 Xuhui 5 5
ChongMing 1 1 1 jinshan 1 5 Yangpu 9 11
Fengxian 2 7 Minhang 11 21
Source: Shanghai Port Authority
The irrationality of the layout of the foreign trade dangerous goods terminals in the port of Shanghai
1. The layout of the sub-terminal is not in line with the urban planning
According to the "Shanghai Municipal Urban Overall Plan (1999 - 2020)", the area within the ring line focuses on the development of the tertiary industry; the inner and outer areas focus on the development of the third industry; the inner and outer areas focus on the development of the tertiary industry. According to the "Shanghai Urban Master Plan (1999-2020)", the area within the ring line focuses on the development of tertiary industry; the area between the inner and outer ring lines focuses on the development of high-tech, high value-added and non-polluting industries. Areas outside the outer ring road focus on developing primary and secondary industries, increasing the scale and intensification of the economy, concentrating on the construction of municipal industrial zones, and actively developing modern agriculture and suburban tourism.
At present, there are 6 foreign trade dangerous goods terminals distributed in the inner ring road and 45 in the outer ring road, accounting for 57% of the total, which shows that there is a big gap between the layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals in Shanghai port and the industrial layout plan of Shanghai.
2. Part of the terminal layout does not comply with the dangerous goods industry layout planning
The throughput of dangerous goods in Shanghai port reaches more than 15% of the total throughput of goods in the port, and is growing year by year. Dangerous goods involved in a variety of varieties of dangerous goods, dangerous goods transportation in various forms, there are packaged parts, containers, bulk liquid and bulk solid, etc., involving industries such as petrochemical, electric power, transportation, aquaculture, light industry, aviation, metallurgy, military, agriculture, medicine and so on.
Dangerous goods terminals are for dangerous goods enterprises, from the perspective of saving costs and improving safety, enterprises generally follow the principle of proximity to choose terminal services. At present, there are no more dangerous goods production enterprises in Hongkou District and Huangpu District, and there are only individual production enterprises in Yangpu District and Xuhui District. However, there are 9 foreign trade dangerous goods terminals in Yangpu District, 5 in Xuhui District, 3 in Hongkou District and 2 in Huangpu District, and the layout of these foreign trade dangerous goods terminals is not in line with the industrial demand.
3, part of the terminal and residential areas and public **** facilities are too close
According to the "General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Hazardous Substances" and "Oil Depot Design Code" and other provisions, dangerous goods terminals should be separated from the highway, railroads, residential areas and public **** buildings, etc., a certain safety distance. According to the Oil Depot Design Code, the safety distance between the first-class oil depot and the residential area and public **** building is lOOm. Due to the expansion of the city, some of the foreign trade dangerous goods terminals which were built a long time ago have become residential and commercial areas nearby. At present, there are 9 DG terminals with residential areas within 100m and 8 DG terminals with public **** facilities and commercial centers within 300m.
4, part of the wharf equipment, equipment, management system there are safety hazards
Due to historical reasons, some of the foreign trade of dangerous goods wharf design is not standardized. A small number of terminals originally for general cargo terminals, due to production needs, slightly modified as a dangerous goods terminal, its pipeline laying is difficult to meet the specification requirements, individual terminals and even the existence of packages and bulk liquid hazardous materials mixed phenomenon; part of the dock there are facilities, equipment mismatch or not normal use of the phenomenon; part of the dock is not equipped with chemical sewage receiving or treatment devices, a few have been equipped with a few terminals are also very little use; some of the terminal Under the influence of the ideology of emphasizing hardware over management or production over safety, they are negligent in management and lax in requirements, and there are phenomena of operators going on duty without license and operating in violation of rules and regulations and risky operation. Dangerous goods terminals have basically purchased oil booms, but they are less frequently used due to practical difficulties such as application and recovery.
5, dock productivity and low utilization of shoreline resources
Most of the dangerous goods terminals in Shanghai Port are cargo terminals, the annual throughput of the terminal is generally not high, the degree of socialized management is low, the degree of intensification, scale and specialization of the enterprise is low, and there is a phenomenon of waste of deep-water shoreline resources.
Third, the negative impact of the irrational layout
1, affecting the construction of Shanghai's harmonious city
"Shanghai City Master Plan (1999 - 2020)" put forward the two guiding ideology of urban planning: reflect the strategy of sustainable development, to promote the coordinated development of the economy, society, population, resources and the environment; reflecting the purpose of the people-oriented, to create a good living, working and learning environment for the public. The city is a good environment for people to live, work, study and recreate.
Foreign trade dangerous goods terminals that are close to residential and commercial areas have a certain negative impact on the living environment of the public. With the complex topography of the inner harbor, numerous factories and bustling commerce, the navigation of dangerous goods ships in the inner harbor poses a certain threat to the safety of the public. The current layout does not well reflect the 2 guiding principles, and the foreign trade dangerous goods terminal must be adjusted to promote the construction of a harmonious city in Shanghai.
2, not conducive to the development of the hazardous chemicals industry
According to the Shanghai Municipality "industrial parks to concentrate" industrial policy, Shanghai hazardous chemicals units gradually from the city center to the periphery of the city to concentrate on industrial zones. At present, Shanghai has built the Shanghai Chemical Industry Zone, Chemical Industry Zone Fengxian sub-district, Chemical Industry Zone Jinshan sub-district, the second industrial zone in Jinshan, Wujing Chemical Industry Zone and other five chemical parks, of which the Shanghai Chemical Industry Zone by 2020 will form a 60km2 chemical industrial zone, the construction of its goal is to become Asia's largest, most centralized, the highest level of the world's first-class petrochemical base one.
From the current layout, the Shanghai port foreign trade dangerous goods terminal has not yet with the industry to the concentration of specialized areas. Due to the difficulty in approving new dangerous goods terminals, it is almost impossible to build new ones, and enterprises are generally reluctant to move away from the old terminals. Some dangerous goods terminals are idle due to the closure or change of production of the owner terminal enterprises, resulting in a waste of resources. Most of the dangerous goods terminals are located in the inner harbor, due to the lack of government investment in waterway maintenance funds, some enterprises have to invest a lot of money every year for waterway maintenance, which invariably increases the production cost of enterprises.
The layout of dangerous goods terminals is not compatible with the industrial layout, which raises the cost of dangerous goods transportation, increases the number of dangerous goods transportation links and transportation routes, and creates safety hazards, which in turn leads to a decline in the competitiveness of the products and affects the development of the dangerous goods industry and related industries.
3, limiting the development of enterprises
With the development of business, some cargo terminal enterprises need more space for development, and need to build new plants and add new production lines. But with the rapid development of urban construction, enterprises have been surrounded by residential housing and urban buildings, and there is no room for further expansion of enterprises.
Some enterprises have realized that they are bound to relocate, but they are not sure about the specific time and place of relocation. In this case, these companies will not invest a lot of money to expand production and update equipment, at best, to meet the relevant standards and laws and regulations, which is not conducive to the safety of production as well as the development of enterprises.
(1) Adjust the layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals according to Shanghai's urban spatial layout and planning, industrial structure layout and planning; (2) People-oriented, in order to create a safe and good living and working environment to adjust the layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals; (3) to adjust the layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals in the direction of safe production, centralized production and centralized management.
According to the purpose of dangerous goods terminals serving enterprises and industries, as well as from the perspective of saving costs and reducing safety hazards, except for a few special dangerous goods terminals, the rest of the terminals should be centralized to the professional dangerous goods operation area. According to the layout of the dangerous goods industry in Shanghai, it is suggested that Shanghai should plan four specialized dangerous goods terminal areas, which are Baoshan Dangerous Goods Terminal Specialized Area, Pudong New Area Dangerous Goods Terminal Specialized Area, Hangzhou Bay North Coast Dangerous Goods Terminal Specialized Area and Chongming Island Dangerous Goods Terminal Specialized Area. In the future, the new approval and new dangerous goods terminal must be in the special planning area, the special planning area outside the approval and new in principle.
As the management of dangerous goods terminal involves the government, safety production supervision and management departments and public security, urban transportation, ports, maritime, quality and technical supervision, environmental protection, industry and commerce, health and other administrative departments, foreign trade and dangerous goods terminal layout adjustment should pay attention to the coordination and cooperation between the relevant departments. According to the current layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals, the above adjustment program involves the closure, relocation and merger of many dangerous goods terminals, which is a very large project that requires the development of relevant fiscal, financial, tax and other policies to guide the adjustment of the terminal.