1, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Construction, the excavation depth of more than 5m (including 5m) of the deep pit project, geological conditions and the surrounding environment and underground pipelines are extremely complex deep pit project, the underground excavation and the encounter of caverns, dark river, gas, rock explosion, mud, faults and other geologically complex tunneling projects, shall be subject to expert demonstration and review of the special construction program. According to the regulations, for a certain scale of the hazardous sub-parts of the project, excavation depth of more than 5m (including 5m) of the pit, trench earth excavation works, the construction unit shall prepare a special construction program. Engineering supervision unit shall review the construction organization design of safety technical measures or special construction program in line with the mandatory standards for engineering construction. Horizontal concrete component formwork support system height of more than 8m, or span of more than 18m high formwork project special construction program, building construction enterprises should organize expert groups to carry out demonstration review.
2, "Construction Safety Management Regulations" provides that full-time production safety management personnel are responsible for on-site supervision and inspection of production safety. For unauthorized command, unauthorized operation, should be immediately stopped. The leasing unit shall test the safety performance of the leased machinery and equipment and construction machinery and accessories, and shall issue a certificate of testing compliance when signing the lease agreement. The project manager of the construction unit shall organize and formulate safety construction measures according to the characteristics of the project, eliminate hidden dangers of safety accidents, and report production safety accidents timely and truthfully. Violation of the "Regulations on Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects", the construction unit misappropriates the costs required for the safe production operating environment and safety construction measures included in the estimated budget of the construction project, shall be ordered to make corrections within a certain period of time, and shall be subject to a fine of not less than 20% and not more than 50% of the misappropriated costs: in case of losses, the construction unit shall be liable to pay compensation according to the law.
3, in violation of the "construction safety management regulations", the construction unit did not take special protective measures for the construction works may cause damage to adjacent buildings, structures and underground pipelines, etc., and ordered to make corrections within a specified period of time; failure to make corrections after the deadline, resulting in a major safety accident, constituting a crime, the personnel directly responsible for the criminal law provisions of the criminal law to be held criminally responsible for the loss caused by. According to the law to bear the responsibility for compensation. The construction unit's safety protection equipment, mechanical equipment, construction machinery and accessories are put into use without inspection or unqualified inspection when entering the construction site, and shall be ordered to make corrections within a certain period of time; if the circumstances are serious, the qualification level shall be lowered, and the qualification certificate shall be revoked directly; if the construction unit causes a major safety accident, which constitutes a crime, the directly responsible persons shall be held criminally responsible in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law; and if the construction unit causes any loss, it shall be held liable for compensation in accordance with the law.
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4, "building construction enterprise safety production license management regulations" stipulates that the state of building construction enterprises to implement safety production license system.
5, vertical transportation machinery operators, installation and dismantling workers, demolition workers, blasting operators, lifting signal workers, elevated scaffolding operators and other special operators, must be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state after special training in safety operations, and obtain a special operations operation qualification certificate, before going to work.
6, the construction administrative department or other relevant departments can be entrusted to the construction site supervision and inspection of the construction project safety supervision organization to implement.
7, where the fall height of the reference plane more than 2m (including 2m) the height of the operation may fall are known as work at height.
8, during the use of scaffolding, it is strictly prohibited to dismantle the components of the main node at the longitudinal and transverse horizontal bars, connecting wall pieces, longitudinal and transverse sweeping rod. The height of more than 24m double row scaffolding should be set up with scissor braces and transverse diagonal braces. The height of 24m below the single, double row scaffolding, must be set in the outer facade scissor braces, the provisions of the two ends of each set a, and from low to the upper successive set, the middle of each scissor braces net distance should not be greater than 15m.
9, protection railings must be closed from top to bottom with safety net, or in the railings set up under the height of the tightly fixed not less than 18cm foot board or 40cm foot fence.
10, support molding, painting, wall masonry and other types of work on the upper and lower three-dimensional cross work, shall not operate in the same vertical direction.
11, construction site-specific, power neutral point directly grounded 220/380 three-phase four-wire system of electricity works, must be used in the grounding protection type is TN-S. The main distribution box leakage protector rated leakage action current I Δ and rated leakage action time T Δ selection requirements are I Δ & gt; 30mA, T Δ & gt; 0.1S, I Δ T Δ ≦ 30mAS. 30mAS. It can be selected as IΔ=50Ma, TΔ=0.2S, IΔ=75mA, TΔ=0.2S, IΔ=100mA, TΔ=0.2S, IΔ=200mA, TΔ=0.15S, respectively.
12. The safety devices of the stationary tower crane mainly include lifting moment limiter, lifting capacity limiter, hoisting height limiter, and trolley amplitude Limiter. Multi-tower operation, the vertical distance between the tower crane in high position (the hook is raised to the highest point) and the tower crane in low position shall not be less than 2m in any case.
13, when the pile foundation operation, it is strictly prohibited to enter the idlers. The operator shall monitor 5m away from the center of pile hammer.
14, demolition project construction, set up a person to the demolished parts of the water to reduce dust, reduce the dust pollution of the surrounding environment.
15, "building construction safety inspection standards" summary table full of 100 points. Each sub-checklist in the summary variant of the full score points should be: scaffolding 10 points, construction electricity 10 points, construction machinery 5 points. In accordance with the "Construction Safety Inspection Standards" multi-person on the same project inspection scoring, should be based on weighted scoring method to determine the score. The principle of weight distribution should be: the weight of the full-time personnel for 0.6, the weight of the project manager for 0.4. A construction site using three tower crane, according to the "Construction Safety Inspection Standards" scoring, No. 1 crane scored 92 points, No. 2 crane scored 83 points, No. 3 crane scored 86 points, the construction site tower crane sub-scoring table is actually scored 87 points.
16, production safety laws include administrative regulations and local regulations on production safety.
17In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Construction on the establishment of safety production management organizations of construction enterprises, the implementation of the relevant national laws and regulations and standards on production safety, supervision of the implementation of safety production facilities, and rectification of hidden dangers belong to the main responsibilities of the safety production management organization.
18, the safety of the specific requirements of technical delivery: the safety of each type of technical delivery is generally synchronized with the safety of the technical delivery of sub-parts of the technical delivery, delivery of both sides should be signed to confirm that the delivery must be specific, clear, and the right nature of the strong.
19, passageway mouth, reserved holes, stairway, elevator shaft mouth belongs to the "building construction safety inspection standards" referred to in the "four" protection.
20, "Criminal Law" stipulates that the construction unit, design unit, construction unit, project supervision unit in violation of state regulations, lowering the standard of quality of the project, resulting in major safety accidents, the person directly responsible for the person, shall be sentenced to less than five years of imprisonment or detention, and fines; the consequences of particularly serious, shall be sentenced to more than five years to less than 10 years of imprisonment, and fines.
21, full-time production safety management personnel shall immediately report and stop any unauthorized command or operation.
22, before the construction project, the construction unit of the project manager department of the technical person in charge of the construction unit should be on the technical requirements related to the safety of construction to the construction work team, the operator to make a detailed explanation, and signed by both parties to confirm.
23, according to the "production safety accident reporting and investigation regulations", one of the following conditions for general accidents: death of less than 3 people, or serious injury to less than 10 people, or direct economic losses of less than 10 million. After the accident, the person concerned at the scene of the accident shall immediately report to the person in charge of the unit; the person in charge of the unit shall, upon receipt of the report, report within one hour to the supervisory and management departments of work safety of the people's government at or above the county level where the accident occurs and to the relevant departments which have the responsibility for the supervision and management of work safety.
24, the four basic attributes of the system and its meaning are: ① holistic system is composed of more than two elements of the whole; ② relevance of the system elements are organically linked and interact with each other; ③ purposeful system must have a defined goal, which is the premise of the system's existence; ④ environmentally adaptive system should be able to adapt to changes in the external environment.
25. What are the unsafe behaviors in the work: wrong operation to make the safety devices fail, using unsafe equipment, using hands instead of tools, venturing into the dangerous field, standing and sitting in an unsafe position, not according to the regulations of the use of protective equipment, unsafe attire are all unsafe behaviors.
26, the difference between risk and danger: danger is the existence of a system that leads to the occurrence of undesired consequences of the possibility of exceeding the degree of people's tolerance. And risk is the degree of danger.
27, Of the three types of human vision, the one with the greatest range is the kinetic vision.
28, the causes of tower accidents are: ① unlicensed operation; ② overloaded operation; ③ command signal error, resulting in misoperation; ④ crooked pulling and slanting hanging; ⑤ safety device failure; ⑥ track and attachment device installation is not required; ⑦ do not fulfill the maintenance maintenance system, the failure is not timely eliminated; ⑧ insufficient estimation of climate change, especially at night no one works in the high winds, clamping pliers clamping can not be.
29, the use of safe voltage range: ① outdoor lamps and lanterns from the ground is less than 3m, the house lamps and lanterns from the ground is less than 2.4m, on the use of 36V. ② the use of running lamps and its power supply voltage does not exceed 36V. ③ tunnels, manned engineering power supply voltage should be no higher than 36V. ④ in the humid and easy to touch the electrically charged body place power supply voltage should be no greater than 24V. ⑤ in the particularly humid place and the metal
30, the work of grounding resistance value and protective grounding resistance value is not greater than 4 ohms, repeated grounding resistance value is not greater than 10 ohms, lightning grounding resistance value is not greater than 30 ohms.
31, the main causes of electric shock accidents are: ① the use of defective electrical equipment, touching the old wires charged, touching the ungrounded electrical equipment and bare wires, switches, insurance, etc.; ② unprotected bottom line or bottom line of poor quality; ③ non-electrical staff electrical maintenance; ④ not in accordance with the provisions of the use of portable lamps and lanterns of safe voltage; ⑤ the lack of warning signs of electrical hazards.
32, the welding machine why should be retrofitted with secondary anti-electrocution protection device?
Because of the AC electric welding machine no-load voltage can reach 50V ~ 90V, is unsafe, the occurrence of injury accidents are also quite serious. In order to prevent such accidents, in addition to the primary side of the installation of leakage protector, there should also be a secondary side of the installation of anti-electrocution protection device, this device can reduce the no-load voltage to 35V ~ 24V below, so it can completely prevent electrocution accidents.
33, oxygen cylinders, acetylene cylinders, hydrogen cylinders, liquefied petroleum gas cylinders, the standard color is: oxygen cylinders: sky blue bottles, black; acetylene cylinders: white bottles, red; hydrogen cylinders: green bottles, red; liquefied petroleum gas cylinders: silver gray bottles, red.
34, water should be noted: ① can not put out the fire with electricity; ② can not put out oil fires; ③ can not put out the chemical reaction of the fire in water; ④ can not put out the red metal; ⑤ can not put out the fire of precision instruments, valuable cultural relics archives.
35, the use of systems engineering methods: ① can effectively identify the existence of each element of the system itself, between the elements of the danger; ② can effectively understand the interrelationships between the elements to eliminate the elements due to interdependence, mutual constraints and the danger; ③ systems engineering tools, methods, many can be used to solve the safety problem.
36, working time refers to the law stipulates that workers in a certain time (working day, working week) should be the number of hours of labor. Including the actual working time of the laborer, but also includes the time for the laborer to engage in the necessary preparation and end before production or work, the continuity of the intermittent time that is harmful to health, and the time for female workers to breastfeed.
37. Work performed by workers on legal holidays and public vacations in accordance with administrative orders and requirements is called overtime work, and time spent working beyond the standard day is called overtime.
38. An accident is an unforeseen event that causes death, injury, occupational disease, property damage or other losses. Accident hidden danger is a general reference to the production system can lead to accidents in the unsafe behavior of people, unsafe state of things and management defects. If the hidden danger is not managed correctly, then the hidden danger is likely to become an accident and happen, the hidden danger is the premise of the accident, the accident occurs when the accident is the result of the hidden danger.
39, the construction site of the hazardous area, to use fences, covers and other measures or eye-catching "safety", "no traffic" and other safety signs and safety propaganda, night should be set up red light warning, non-hazardous areas of the operator shall not enter the hazardous area without authorization. The hazardous area is not allowed to enter without authorization.
40, the operation of the concrete vibrator should pay attention to: ① power line must be weather-resistant rubber sheathed copper-core flexible cable; ② good insulation with reliable zero or grounding protection; ③ power leakage protector must be sensitive and reliable; ④ vibrator cable shall not be dragged around in the reinforcing bar network to prevent breakage of electricity leakage, the cable length should not be more than 30m; ⑤ the operator should wear rubber-soled shoes (boots), wear insulating The operator should wear rubber-soled shoes (boots) and insulated gloves; ⑥ The power supply must be cut off when the vibrator needs maintenance.
41, the operation of the frog type ramming machine should pay attention to: ① ramming machine operation switch must use directional switch, prohibited the use of the reverse switch, the inlet should be protected by the rubber ring; ② handle must be added to the insulating material; ③ each ramming machine must be set up with two operators, one operator ramming machine, a random organization of the cable line; ④ operation of the ramming machine must be wearing rubber-soled shoes, wearing insulated gloves, handling ramming machine must be pulled out of the electricity; ⑤ When stopping the machine, you must pull the gate to disconnect the power, lock the gate box, and do a good job of motor moisture and waterproof.
42, the use of steel cold drawing equipment, cold drawing work area should be fenced to protect, prohibit people from walking through the work area; winch should be perpendicular to the direction of the work and stretching steel, to prevent injuries to the steel when it is pulled off.
43, operating a concrete mixer: ① the driver must be operated mixer after professional safety training, exams, licensed; ② hopper lifting, it is strictly prohibited to work under the hopper or walk through, clean up the bucket pit, the hopper should be hanging the double insurance hooks can be cleaned up; ③ no tools are allowed to reach into the mixing cylinder picking material in the operation; ④ after the shift will be inside and outside of the mixer brushed and cleaned, will be lifting the hopper, hanging the double insurance hooks, pull the power off! After the shift, brush and clean the inside and outside of the mixer, raise the hopper, hang it securely, pull the gate to disconnect the electricity, and lock the electric gate box; ⑤ Maintenance is strictly prohibited during the operation.
44, from the safety point of view to understand the reasons for electrical equipment grounding: ① eliminate leakage. Electrical equipment, if the insulation of the energized part of the poor performance, it will be light to feel "numb hands", or injury. If grounded, leakage current from the ground to earth, thus protecting personal safety; ② to avoid lightning strikes. Electrical equipment on the lightning arrester is a device to prevent lightning strikes, must be buried in the ground in order to lead the tear into the ground; ③ eliminate induction. Electrical equipment will be subjected to electrostatic induction, if the enclosure is grounded, the induction charge can be safely channeled into the ground.
45, by the same transformer power supply using protective zero in the distribution system, can not be used at the same time protective zero or protective grounding.
46, foam fire extinguishers must not extinguish electric fires; computer and valuable equipment on fire with 1211 fire extinguishers; the use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to prevent frostbite.
47, the use of safety belts should pay attention to: ① frame workers use safety belts limited to 1.5 ~ 2 meters. ② should be done vertically hanging, high hanging low; as a horizontal position hanging use, pay attention to swing collision; ③ should not be low hanging high; ④ should not be used to knot the rope, so as not to cut the knot after the force; ⑤ should not be hooked directly on the non-solid objects and hanging directly on the non-metallic rope, to prevent the rope from being cut.
48, remove the template safety requirements: ① template removal before the concrete strength report to verify the structural strength. ② 3m or more work at height to set up a solid operating platform. ③ dismantling area set up warning and guardian.
49, the main content of labor protection: labor safety, labor health, protection of female workers, protection of underage workers, working hours and leave system.
50, engaged in serious toxic operations and particularly heavy physical labor, should be appropriately shortened working hours, generally 4 to 6 hours a day work system.
51. Acute illnesses (heat stroke) caused by high-temperature work are usually categorized into three types: pyrexia, heliosis and heat cramps.
52, the construction of sewage generated by: ① pile foundation construction, pit retaining wall, diaphragm wall construction process of mud; ② concrete (or mortar) mixer, templates, tools, cleaning of cement slurry sewage; ③ cast-in-place terrazzo construction of cement slurry; ④ oil, chemical solvents leaking; ⑤ living sewage.
53, the causative agent refers to the object or substance that causes the accident, and the causative agent refers to the object or substance that directly causes the injury, and the main basis for classifying the type of accident is the causative agent.
54, wet soil area excavation, if artificial precipitation, down to the bottom of the pit depth of 0.5 ~ 1.0m below before excavation. Artificial excavation, two horizontal spacing shall not be less than 2m, longitudinal spacing shall not be less than 3m. manually dug hole pile construction, excavation depth of more than 10m, there should be special equipment to send air to the well. Rainy season excavation pit (trough, trench) support and slope conditions, to prevent water intrusion loose produce slope collapse.
55, excavation depth of more than 5m (including 5m) of the pit (slot) and the use of support structure construction projects, must be prepared for the safety of special construction programs, subject to expert review.
56, earth excavation should be in the precipitation to meet the requirements of the construction method of layered excavation construction, layering thickness should not exceed 2.5 m. Sandy soil foundation, pit excavation depth of more than 2.5 m, it is appropriate to use the open ditch drainage.
57, earth excavation order, method, should follow the trench support, first support after digging, layered excavation, prohibit over-excavation principle. More than one machine digging pit at the same time, the distance between the machinery because 10m is safer.
58, pit excavation, pit side 1m range is not allowed to pile up earth. Construction site excavation of non-thermal pipeline trench edge and the distance between the edge of the buried external cable trench shall not be less than 0.5m.
59, pit wall support using reinforced concrete piles, excavation standard is the pile concrete to reach the concrete design strength.
60, driving the driver to leave the excavator cab, regardless of the length of time must be bucket to the ground and shut down the engine.
61, the main causes of collapse accidents in pit excavation are insufficient slope release for pit excavation, overloading at the top of slopes, vibration, failure to set up continuous retaining wall or internal support for pit, entry of construction machinery into the excavation area, incorrect excavation procedures, excavation over the elevation, incorrect setting or removal of support, and ineffective drainage measures.
62, factors affecting the stability of the slope are: the effect of soil category, the effect of soil wetting degree, soil contains more water, the effect of climate so that the soil is soft, the slope above the additional load of external forces.
63, safety assurance program is based on the specific results of safety planning.
64, project internal auditor construction site safety production assurance system operation one of the four links. Construction site safety production assurance system operation is divided into four links of the project through the standard, construction enterprise internal audit, audit organization certification, safety supervision and inspection.
65, "building construction safety inspection standards" (JGJ59-99) is a mandatory industry standard, but not the only standard for safety inspection. In the safety inspection score sheet, construction organization design a project is a guaranteed project. In the inspection scoring,, when the sub-total score of the guaranteed items is less than 40 points, this inspection scoring sheet is not scored.
66, engaged in occupational health technical services institutions and undertake occupational health inspection, occupational disease diagnosis of medical and health institutions do not perform their statutory duties in accordance with the provisions of the "Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Act", the circumstances are serious, should be the original approval authority to cancel its corresponding qualifications.
67. In the course of their work, workers shall refuse to carry out any illegal command or forced risky operation by the management of the employing organization.
68. The Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases stipulates that employers shall create working environments and conditions for workers that conform to China's occupational hygiene standards and hygiene requirements, and shall take measures to ensure that workers receive occupational hygiene protection. Trade union organizations at all levels have the right to supervise the prevention and control of occupational diseases at employers.
69. If a worker is diagnosed as suffering from an occupational disease, but the employer does not participate in social insurance for work-related injuries in accordance with the law, the burden shall be borne by the last employer or the previous employer who caused the patient's occupational disease, as proved by evidence.
70, employers and medical and health care seasonal found occupational disease patients or suspected occupational disease patients, shall promptly report to the local health administrative department. New workers should be arranged to do a good job of medical examination before entering the production post, and the provisions on occupational contraindications should be implemented when assigning work, which is the responsibility of personnel and labor departments.
71, at present, China's production dust health standards are time-weighted average permissible concentration, total dust concentration and respiratory dust permissible concentration.
72, the employer has not filed an application for recognition of work-related injuries, the injured employee or his immediate family. Within one year from the date of occurrence of the accidental injury or the date of diagnosis or appraisal, the trade union organization may directly apply to the administrative department of labor security of the co-ordinating region where the employer is located for the recognition of the work injury.
73. Work-related accidents include disabilities caused by accidents at work and occupational diseases, as well as death.
74. Whether occupational hazards can cause occupational diseases depends mainly on the measurement of exposure, i.e., the time and concentration of exposure.
75, the labor protection law is based on national laws and regulations, relying on technological progress and scientific management, take organizational and technical measures to eliminate undesirable conditions and behaviors that endanger the safety and health of people, to prevent accidents and occupational diseases, and to protect the safety and health of workers in the workplace. The contents include labor safety, labor hygiene, protection of female workers, protection of underage workers, working hours and leave system. Issuance of workers' personal protective equipment should be based on the needs of the enterprise's safe production and prevention of corporate sexual harm, and different personal protective equipment should be issued according to different types of work and different labor conditions.
76, in the production process, when it is necessary to use toxic and hazardous raw materials, in addition to mechanization and automation in the process, but also from the management and production equipment, production process safety protection and other aspects of the comprehensive preventive measures, so as to bring them into line with the national labor safety and health standards.
77, to professional and technical personnel as the main form of organization to carry out safety inspection activities, has a strong focus and professional requirements, can check the difficult projects, the purpose of such inspections is to find problems and study the rectification of countermeasures.
78, the preparation of safety inspection form is mainly based on: the relevant standards, procedures, norms and regulations; domestic and foreign accident cases and the unit in the safety management and production of relevant experience; through the systematic analysis, the determination of the dangerous parts and precautions; new knowledge, new achievements, new methods, new technologies, new regulations and standards.
79, seasonal inspection according to seasonal characteristics, in order to protect the special requirements of safe production of the inspection, by the safety of full-time agencies, according to the different seasons in conjunction with the relevant departments to organize safety inspections.
80, heat stroke prevention and cooling inspections are mainly: before the summer to check the preparatory work for heat stroke prevention and cooling and heat stroke prevention and cooling inspections during the daylight saving period. There are three main aspects of the latter inspection, namely, technical measures, health measures and organizational measures.
81, safety acceptance evaluation refers to the use of system safety engineering principles and methods, after the completion of the project trial production, before the formal normal operation of the commissioning of a kind of inspection safety evaluation.
82, the construction project or production and management unit of the existence of occupational hazards, harmful factors for safety evaluation, generally follow the procedures are: site investigation, data collection; hazard identification and qualitative and quantitative analysis; sudden safety countermeasures, the formation of the conclusion of the report.
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