The six commonly used sterilization methods are dry heat sterilization, moist heat sterilization, intermittent sterilization, radiation sterilization, filter sterilization and chemical reagent sterilization. Dry heat sterilization refers to the technique of sterilization in a dry environment (such as flame or dry hot air). Moist heat sterilization refers to sterilization by saturated water vapor, boiling water or circulating steam. Intermittent sterilization is a method that uses repeated heating with circulating steam to kill all microorganisms.
First, the six commonly used sterilization methods which
1, dry heat sterilization method: refers to the dry environment (such as flame or dry hot air) sterilization technology. Generally there are flame sterilization method and dry hot air sterilization method, applicable to dry powder, Vaseline, grease and so on. Flame sterilization method refers to the sterilization method of direct burning with flame; dry hot air sterilization method refers to the method of sterilization with high temperature dry hot air.
2, hygrothermal sterilization: refers to the use of saturated water vapor, boiling water or circulating steam sterilization method, hygrothermal sterilization method is to high temperature and high pressure water vapor as a medium, because of the latent heat of the steam is large, and penetration, easy to make the protein denaturation or coagulation, which leads to the death of microorganisms. The sterilization efficiency of this method is higher than the dry heat sterilization method, and it is still a more commonly used sterilization method in the production process of pharmaceutical preparations.
3, intermittent sterilization: refers to the use of repeated multiple circulation of steam heating, thereby killing all microorganisms. Intermittent sterilization is generally carried out in the flow of steam sterilization pot, can also be replaced by ordinary aluminum pot. This method is mostly used for gelatin, buttermilk and other substances such as sterilization, such substances in the temperature above 100 ℃ processing for a relatively long time will be destroyed, with intermittent sterilization can play a bactericidal effect, but also to allow the material being processed to be saved from destruction.
4, radiation sterilization: is the use of ionizing radiation to kill most of the material on the microbes of an effective method, they can be a specific way to control the growth of microorganisms or kill microorganisms, such as microwave can be generated through the heat to kill microorganisms, the method can be carried out at room temperature or at low temperatures, the process of treatment of food temperature is very small, which is conducive to maintaining the quality of food; And the radiation of the food will not leave any residue.
5, filtration sterilization method: is the physical retention of liquid or air bacteria removed, so as to achieve the purpose of sterility, the principle of filtration sterilization of inertial impact retention, interception retention, Brownian diffusion retention and so on.
6, chemical reagent sterilization method: refers to the use of chemicals directly on the microorganisms and kill the method, the method can be divided into gas sterilization method and liquid sterilization method, gas sterilization method refers to the use of gaseous sterilization method, such as ozone, formaldehyde, etc.; liquid sterilization method refers to the use of bactericides easy to disinfect such as the method.
Second, the scope of application of the six sterilization methods
1, dry heat sterilization method: applicable to high temperature without damage, deterioration, non-evaporation of the items of sterilization, intolerance of heat and humidity of the sterilization of the instruments, for steam or gas can not penetrate the items of sterilization, such as glass, grease, powders, and metal and other products of the disinfection sterilization.
2, hygrothermal sterilization: for high temperature, hygrothermal items, such as culture media, animal carcasses, such as common pressure steam sterilizers in the laboratory.
3, intermittent sterilization method: applicable to the sterilization of non-high temperature, heat-sensitive materials and preparations.
4, radiation sterilization: applicable to food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, daily necessities, medical products and electronic plastics and other fields, the main role is to disinfect the product sterilization process, through the ray effect on the product in the premise of not dismantling the outer packaging can effectively reduce or kill the product inside the different types of micro-organisms.
5, filtration sterilization method: applicable to serum, toxins, antibiotics and other heat-resistant biological products and air sterilization.
6, chemical reagent sterilization method: for environmental disinfection and sterilization of heat-intolerant medical instruments, equipment and facilities, etc., also used for powder injection.