Yiling Middle School Class 212 Gao Huan
Purpose of the investigation: The blue sky has lost its blue, the mountains and rivers have lost their turquoise color, and the white clouds have lost their purity, and when we lose all that we have, we, what's left ......
Human beings have a high degree of civilization in the modern world, but the environmental problems are also worsening. The modern world has a high degree of civilization, but the environmental problems are also increasingly aggravated, we can not see it so deteriorating down, as a new era of secondary school students, we have to take action.
Investigation process: a current stage of China's garbage disposal problem of the basic situation
China has always attached importance to the recycling of waste materials, but in the past the recycling of waste materials is mainly subject to the backward economic constraints, the scarcity of materials and have to take action, not for the purpose of protecting the environment and resources. Now we need to urban waste disposal resourcefulness and the implementation of sustainable development and the construction of environmentally friendly society closely linked together, and strive to waste resourcefulness in the understanding of the developed countries around the world synchronization. 2003 China's waste materials recycling amounted to more than 49 billion yuan, resource recycling enterprises employing about more than 1.4 million people, more than 180,000 recycling outlets across the country, recycling factories have about There are more than 180,000 recycling outlets and more than 5,000 recycling factories. The amount of waste materials recycled in Beijing is equivalent to 8% of the amount of garbage produced; the amount of waste materials recycled in Tianjin is equivalent to 13% of the amount of garbage produced; nevertheless, the rate of resource recycling in China is still lower than the level of developed countries in the world. China is a developing country, only by saving development, in order to make the country prosperous, rich and strong, in the case of low per capita natural resources, further carry out the garbage resourcing has a very important significance.
Two reasonable treatment of the necessity of the problem of garbage
The garbage can be used in many categories of resources, construction waste and household garbage inorganic materials can be made of building materials; household garbage in the food waste based on organic matter can be fermented fertilizer or nutrient-rich soil, used to improve the soil; combustibles can be incinerated for heat and power generation; used plastics can be made of industrial plastic blocks, recycled plastic granules and wood plastic products; other glass, waste, plastic, and wood products; the waste of plastic, and other glass, and other waste. Waste plastics can be used to make industrial plastic blocks, recycled plastic pellets and wood-plastic products; other glass, waste paper, waste fabrics, waste rubber, waste household appliances and bones are all of value to be utilized. Many people have a misunderstanding of the resources in the garbage, that after picking up the many times of selection of waste has been no use of resources, the fact is that the current activities of people on the resource of waste is not completely conscious behavior, to some extent, their behavior is driven by the interests. Such as the main recovery of metal, plastic bottles, books, newspapers, cardboard boxes and other high-profit materials, and plastic film, glass and fabrics and other low-profit materials are not interested in, especially the plastic film that leads to "white pollution" is very serious, few people are willing to consciously recycle. Only the use of waste plastics in the city of Harbin as an example, Harbin City, now 3500 tons of daily household garbage, according to the relevant departments of the statistics for many times, at present, China's household garbage in the proportion of plastic waste has reached 7% -12%, according to 7% of the Harbin City, the daily output of household garbage waste of 252 tons of plastics, the Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Technology has a mature technology for the production of regenerated plastic particles, two tons of waste plastic can produce a ton of recycled plastic granules, two tons of waste plastic can produce a ton of recycled plastic granules. Waste plastic can produce one ton of recycled particles, daily production of 126 tons, the market value of 5,000 yuan per ton, the annual value of recycled plastics is about 200 million yuan or more. The value of waste plastic in the province's domestic waste is about 1 billion yuan.
At the same time, the organic matter in domestic waste to remove batteries and other harmful substances by biological fermentation can be produced as organic fertilizer base material or nutrient soil for land improvement, according to 40% of the organic matter in the domestic garbage, nutrient soil can be used for land improvement, land reclamation will produce how huge and attractive economic and social benefits.
Three major problems
1, backward technology research, copying foreign technology
The development of technology on the impact of waste recycling is huge, advanced economic research theory of waste recycling and advanced technology and equipment is to achieve the important conditions of the resource. They can make the resourceful production form engineering, standardization, serialization and commercialization and enter into circulation.
The province's current understanding of garbage treatment technology is still stuck in the three major technologies introduced from abroad, namely, sanitary landfill, incineration power generation and composting treatment, as these three ways are lacking in the pre-classification of domestic garbage, which brings about a series of difficult to solve the problem. Other cities are also roughly the same, so it can be seen that China's garbage disposal must be studied and invented in accordance with China's national conditions of garbage disposal.
2, with increased transportation distance, far from the residents of the way to dispose of garbage caused great waste.
Because of the province in the past on the technical and economic theory of garbage resources is not enough research, so far most of the cities are still commonly used in the way of mixed garbage collection, unclassified collection of mixed garbage transported over long distances. This practice makes transportation costs higher and disposal more difficult.
Wuhan City, for example, due to the insurmountable stench of the sanitary landfill, the construction site must be far away from the city, far from the residents, each time the number of car transportation are about 500 times, such a large number of conveyance, resulting in a great waste.
3, simple landfill site selection is not appropriate, serious pollution of water quality and the environment
The management of garbage in Heilongjiang Province as an example of scientific management of the Songhua River pollution should be at the same time to enhance our awareness of the protection of water sources. The existing part of the province's garbage dumps directly pollute the Songhua River, should cause us to pay enough attention. Such as Hulan District will be the entire region's domestic garbage without any seepage control treatment directly piled up in the Songhua River floodplain within the dredging site, the field is 8 meters deep, and the groundwater is directly connected to the 200 meters away from this Jinjia Village wells all yellow and smelly, seriously polluting the water quality of the Songhua River; another example is the city of Ha City, Xiangyang sanitary landfill site is out of commission, the city of urban domestic garbage every day, more than 260 cars sent to the Dori District, Xinhua Town, Chengjiagang garbage dump, which is located close to the round city Highway, the roadbed is full of plastic bags, very eye-catching. This place is only a few kilometers from the Songhua River, is located in the two water sources upstream, after the contamination of groundwater can flow directly into the Songhua River, heavy metals in the garbage and decay process of pathogenic microorganisms will inevitably cause serious contamination of the river water.
There is also a lack of domestic technical personnel in the field of environmental sanitation; scientific research institutions in this field of scientific and technological achievements lagging behind; local governments in this field of attention is not enough and some other issues.
Four major solutions
Five environmental treatment methods
⒈ garbage power generation
Waste incineration is considered a promising treatment method. Calculated by scientists, the secondary energy material in the garbage - organic combustibles contain more heat, high calorific value, every two tons of garbage can be burned to obtain the equivalent of burning a ton of coal heat. If proper measures are taken, about 300 to 400 kilowatts of electric power production capacity can be obtained by utilizing one ton of garbage. Waste incineration can reduce the volume of waste by at least 90% and the weight by at least 80%, and utilize steam for heat and power generation.
So in just a few years, waste incineration projects have been launched all over the world, and Golden State has seized the huge business opportunities therein, with a daily capacity of nearly 10,000 tons of waste incineration projects under construction and operation in China.
The organic fusion of the two concepts of environmental protection and power has led to an accelerated influx of more capital into the industry.
Peak garbage low-temperature dry distillation technology
Garbage pyrolysis is one of the preferred methods to realize the complete harmless treatment of garbage. The main features of this technology are: (1) the temperature of garbage pyrolysis is low (500~700℃); (2) the combustible and non-polluting gas produced by pyrolysis itself is used as a heating source; (3) the solid produced by pyrolysis is used as an adsorbent or a clean solid fuel; (4) the hazardous elements in the garbage can be purified by itself to realize harmless treatment of the garbage; and (5) the investment and operation costs are low.
Investigative thoughts: through this social practice activities, we can learn a lot of things, but also on our country's garbage disposal problems, but also on the environmental protection of the de-regulation approach has a preliminary understanding, waiting for us to explore a lot of things. We want to call for, we want to advocate for environmentally friendly methods of garbage disposal. This is not only for our environment, for our body is good, but also for our whole nation, the whole world also has a long-term significance.